Organizational Behavior Chapter 3

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgements concerning objects, people, or events A)Attitude B)Behavior C)Appearance D)Demeanor E)Performance

Attitude

Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A)Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior B)General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors C)Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about D)The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal to personal experience E)Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressure

Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior

Which of the following questions best helps understand and employee's organizational commitment? A)Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? B)Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? C)Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges? D)Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? E)Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?

Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?

Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How do you like your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?

Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?

Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna. B) Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay.

Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.

Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A)I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills B)I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization C)I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential D)I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment E)I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged

I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills

Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A)I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department B)I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting D)The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner

I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department

Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A)Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues B)Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities C)Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy D)Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer E)Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there

Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up addition job responsibilities

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by _________. A)Abraham Maslow B)Leon Festinger C)Geert Hofstede D)Daryl Bem E)Ivan Petrovich

Leon Festinger

Which if the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction? A)Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries B)Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries C)Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living D)Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living E)High salary level always creates organizational commitment

Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living

In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? A)People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs B)People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000 C)People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction D)People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000 E)People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000

People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction

_____________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being A)psychological empowerment B)Employees engagement C)Perceived organizational support D)organizational commitment E)Job involvement

Perceived organizational support

Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.

She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice

Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) The management should let employees realize their wrongdoing on their own. B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) The management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.

The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.

Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction? A)The single global rating system is not very time consuming B)The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees C)The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems D)The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question E)The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction

The single global rating system is not very time consuming

Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A)they result from behavior B)they lead to self-concordance C)they give warnings of potential problems D)they result in emotional contagion E)they result in cognitive dissonance

They give warnings of potential problems

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A)The feel a deep connection for their organization B)They have a sense of passion for their work C)They have the lowest levels of turnover D)They put in time but give no attention to their work E)They proactively take up responsibilities

They put in time but give no attention to their work

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A)I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job B)I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline C)I feel upset about having to work during Christmas D)It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation E)This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills

This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills

Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

affective

Leon Festinger argued that _________ follows ______. A)behavior; attitudes B)emotions; attitude C)attitudes; behavior D)thought processes; moods E)conduct; feelings

attitudes; behavior

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

cognitive

Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper, home for personal use. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) high productivity D) turnover rate E) deviant behavior

deviant behavior

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of __________. A)increasing growth opportunities B)emotional contagion C)dissatisfaction D)regular feedback E)high employee engagement

dissatisfaction

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as _________ A)employee engagement B)cognitive dissonance C)emotional contagion D)positivity offset E)self-concordance

employee engagement

Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

exit

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A)believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B)relying on the information of company's annual report C)perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D)feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E)deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance

feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A)high job involvement B)high cognitive dissonance C)low psychological empowerment D)low organizational commitment E)high emotional contagion

high job involvement

Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax and get a much-needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing

high perceived organizational support

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A)congruity B)tenacity C)solidarity D)consistency E)incompatibility

incompatibility

The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on __________. A)employee pay B)benefits C)work hours D)intrinsic parts of the job E)employee productivity

intrinsic parts of the job

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as _________. A)emotional contagion B)job involvement C)job stability D)emotional dissonance E)direct action

job involvement

___________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics A)job satisfaction B)job design C)positivity offset D)constructive dismissal E)picketing

job satisfaction

In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion

low job satisfaction

Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

loyalty

Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

loyalty

Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? A)loyalty B)neglect C)voice D)reflect E)exit

loyalty

A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must use 360-degrees appraisal procedures B) must provide classroom training C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes

must try to improve employee attitudes

Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) acceptance E) neglect

neglect

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance

organizational citizenship

Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________. A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction

personality plays a role in job satisfaction

Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action

psychological empowerment

Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

voice

Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

voice

The _________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity A)exit B)voice C)loyalty D)neglect E)acceptance

voice