Organizational Behavior Quizzes

________ discrimination is a catchall term that describes when people are denied employment opportunities because of their identity group or personal characteristics such as sex, race, age, or other factors. Covert Reverse Access Age Treatment

Access

According to experts, hiring discrimination against _____ has not declined over the past 25 years while workplace discrimination against other racial minority groups has declined. blacks women Hispanics white males Asians

Asian

______ concerns the process by which an individual interprets events as being caused by a particular part of a relatively stable environment Attribution theory Selective perception Self-serving bias Stereotyping Perceptual defense

Attribution theory

Which of the following strategies for behavioral change focus on supervisory attempts to reduce the incidence of undesired behavior? Avoidance learning and extinction Extinction and punishment Punishment and positive reinforcement Avoidance learning and punishment Positive reinforcement and avoidance learning

Extinction and punishment

________ refers to the extent to which a person is interested in and committed to assigned tasks. Job involvement Job satisfaction Job consistency Organizational commitment Organizational involvement

Job involvement

________ represents a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience. Team involvement Job consistency Job involvement Job satisfaction Organizational commitment

Job satisfaction

________ and measurable behavior is the focus of behavior modification advocates. Marketable Time-based Achievable Observable Difficult

Observable

Poor decision-making by lower-level managers can lead to any of the following adverse outcomes EXCEPT: reduced morale if the decisions involve managing workers increased expenses if there are too many supplies frustration among employees if the decisions involve training workers increased turnover if the decisions involve managing workers increased productivity if there are too few workers

increased productivity if there are too few workers

When Susan is involved in strategic planning and development activities at ABC products, it describes which of her managerial positions a. supervision b. controlling c. internal consulting d. coordinating e. long range planning

e. long range planning

Which of the following is a dimension of physical abilities? response orientation rate control equilibrium sense of direction control precision

equilibrium

Which of these represents the first step in a behavior modification program? administer feedback and rewards conduct a performance audit establish behavioral criteria set specific behavioral goals evaluate results

establish behavioral criteria

Which of these refers to the values that help us determine appropriate standards of behavior and place limits on our behavior both inside and outside the organization? authoritarianism ethics dependability dogmatism locus of control

ethics

Which of the following strategies for behavioral change suggests that undesired behavior will decline as a result of a lack of positive reinforcement? learning reinforcement extinction negative reinforcement symbolic coding punishment

extinction

An example of a _________ reinforcement is a weekly paycheck. fixed ratio proportional ratio variable interval variable ratio fixed interval

fixed interval

Which of these defines a tendency to underestimate the effects of external or situational causes of behavior and to overestimate the effects of internal or personal causes? perceptual selectivity halo effect stereotyping fundamental attribution error self-serving bias

fundamental attribution error

Which is an invisible barrier based on the prejudicial beliefs that underlie organizational decisions that prevent women from moving beyond certain levels within a company? group think quid pro quo glass ceiling inclusion diversity

glass ceiling

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of diversity? system flexibility cost advantages improved resource acquisition greater marketing expenditures enhanced creativity

greater marketing expenditures

A dysfunction in decision-making that occurs in homogeneous groups as a result of group pressures and group members' desire for conformity and consensus is called ____. revealing groupthink passing inclusion cognitive diversity

groupthink

The influence of positive arbitrary biases is called the _______. horn effect cognitive dissonance response disposition perceptual organization halo effect

halo effect

The influence of negative arbitrary biases is called the _______. horn effect perceptual organziation response disposition halo effect cognitive dissonance

horn effect

James is always telling lewd jokes and is known for making offensive comments about women in general. James can be considered as creating which of these? hostile environment quid pro quo harassment groupthink inclusive environment glass ceiling

hostile environment

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, questions such as "Can most people be trusted or not? and Are people basically good, or are they evil?" explores which of the following dimension of culture? how people view humanity how people view activity and achievement how people view time how people see nature how people approach interpersonal relationships

how people view humanity

People who tend to attribute their successes and failures to their own abilities and efforts have ______ . subjectivism. authoritarian approaches to solving the world's problems. illusions of grandeur. an internal locus of control. dogmatistic tendencies.

illusions of grandeur.

Response salience refers to the tendency to focus on objects that relate to our ______ needs or wants. None of the other answers is correct. unnecessary subconscious innate immediate

immediate

_____________ represents the degree to which employees are accepted and treated fairly by their organization. diversity identity group groupthink quid pro quo inclusion

inclusion

Which of the following refers to the ability to discover a rule or principle and apply it to the solution of a problem? number aptitude spatial aptitude perceptual speed verbal comprehension inductive reasoning

inductive reasoning

The ______ suggests that the different life experiences, skills, and perspectives that members of diverse cultural identity groups possess can be a valuable resource in the context of work groups. justification -suppression model discrimination-and-fairness perspective access-and-legitimacy perspective cognitive diversity hypothesis integration-and-learning perspective

integration-and-learning perspective

Which of these refers to people who direct their energies inwardly and have a greater sensitivity to abstract feelings? introversion self-esteem locus of control dogmatism authoritarianism

introversion

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of mental abilities? spatial aptitude locus of control number aptitude perceptual speed verbal comprehension

locus of control

Which of these refers to the tendency among individuals to attribute the events affecting their lives either to their own actions or to external forces? self-esteem extroversion locus of control dogmatism dependability

locus of control

Which term is commonly used to refer to ways in which organizations seek to ensure that members of diverse groups are valued and treated fairly within organizations in all areas including hiring, compensation, performance evaluation, and customer service activities? managing diversity quid pro quo valuing diversity inclusion groupthink

managing diversity

Which of the following describe an individual's intellectual capabilities and are closely linked to how a person makes decisions and processes information? mental abilities physical abilities psychomotor abilities locus of control extroversion

mental abilities

Through observing and imitating others, ______ learning takes place. classical operant vicarious positive social

operant

Which of the following measures the effects of reinforcements, or rewards, on desired behaviors? avoidance learning vicarious learning operant conditioning classical conditioning behavior modification

operant conditioning

When people are presented with a situation that contradicts their long-held beliefs and attitudes, ________ is especially pronounced. attribution stereotyping selective perception perceptual defense self-serving bias

perceptual defense

Which of the following describes the process by which individuals identify objects in the environment for attention? halo effect cognitive dissnance perceptual selectivity perceptual organization self-serving bias

perceptual selectivity

Which of these aims to identify discrepancies between what management sees as desired or acceptable behavior and actual behavior? performance audit positive reinforcement extinction reciprocal determinism behavioral dilemmas

performance audit

A constellation of interacting characteristics best describes _________. attitude morality personality intelligence perception

personality

Factors such as stature and health are included in ________ determinants. situational cultural family and social group role physiological

physiological

Factors that are often unpredictable are ______ determinants. situational cultural physiological role family and social group

physiological

Ordering office supplies based on stock running low most likely happens using which approach? self=awareness high-involvement nonprogrammed reflective programmed

programmed

Which of the following strategies for behavioral change describes the administration of unpleasant or adverse outcomes as a result of undesired behavior? positive reinforcement symbolic coding extinction avoidance learning punishment

punishment

Which of the following refers to the ability to make continuous anticipatory motor adjustments in speed and direction to follow a continuously moving target? manual dexterity control precision equilibrium rate control response orientation

rate control

All but which of the following is a major influence on selective attention? physical properties response salience response dispositions dynamic properties response certainty

response certainty

Which of the following represents the first step in the perceptual selectivity process? retention and response exposure interpretation attention perception

retention and response

The process of improving performance incrementally is ________. shaping coaching substitution extinction reinforcement

shaping

The belief that attitudes emerge as a result of the uniqueness of a given situation is typical of the ________ approach. operational situational dispositional behavioral persistence

situational

Which of the following is defined as the process of molding behavior through the reciprocal interaction of a person's cognitions, behavior, and environment? law of effect avoidance learning classical conditioning social learning theory behavior modification

social learning theory

Which of the following refers to the ability to perceive fixed geometric figures and their relations with other geometric figures? perceptual speed inductive reasoning number aptitude spatial aptitude verbal comprehension

spatial aptitude

The process by which attributes are assigned to people solely on the basis of their class or category is ________. self-serving bias perceptual defense stereotyping selective perception attribution

stereotyping

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the perceiver? self-concept previous experience with the individual cognitive structure response salience subconscious uncertainty

subconscious uncertainty

Which term represents an individual's visible characteristics, including, but not limited to, age, body size, visible disabilities, race, or sex? managing diversity surface-level diversity deep-level diversity valuing diversity hidden diversity

surface-level diversity

People associate verbal or visual stimuli with the problem of _______ coding. behavioral symbolic systematic speech noticeable

symbolic

Sara, a service manager at Auto Services, knows that on the average her performance is evaluated and rewarded about once a month, but she does not know when this event will occur. This is an example of which of the following schedule of reinforcement? fixed ratio operant interval variable ratio fixed interval variable interval

variable interval

Which act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, public accommodations, and in telecommunications? ADA PDA FERPA WTFA FMLA

ADA

Women today earn about ____ cents to every dollar that men earn, even while performing the same or similar jobs. 30 55 80 95 115

80

Which agency was created by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the primary goal of making it illegal to discriminate against someone in the workplace due to their race, national origin, sex, disability, religion, or pregnancy status? SEC NRA ADA EPA EEOC

EEOC

Which of the following groups is projected to make up almost one-fifth of the labor force by 2024? African-American White males Hispanics women Asians

Hispanics

Which term describes a collective of individuals who share the same demographic characteristics such as race, sex, or age? Diversity Groupthink Identity group Quid pro quo Inclusion

Identity group

In _______, there is a saying that "the nail that sticks up gets hammered down." Bulgaria France Japan England Germany

Japan

________ represents the relative strength of an individual's identification with and involvement in an organization. Job involvement Organizational involvement Job satisfaction Job consistency Organizational commitment

Organizational commitment

Which act prohibits any discrimination as it relates to pregnancy, including hiring, firing, compensation, training, job assignment, insurance, or any other employment conditions? EPA PDA ADEA WTFA FMLA

PDA

______ refers to a tendency to distort or ignore information that is either personally threatening or culturally unacceptable. Attribution Perceptual defense Stereotyping Self-serving bias Selective perception

Perceptual defense

Which of the following strategies for behavioral change focus on bringing about the desired response from the employee? Avoidance learning and extinction Extinction and punishment Positive reinforcement and avoidance learning Punishment and positive reinforcement Avoidance learning and punishment

Positive reinforcement and avoidance learning

ON a Global Competitiveness Index, which country ranks at the top?

Singapore

______ suggests that when we first come into contact with others, we categorize them as belonging to an in-group or an out-group. Social cognitive theory Social identity theory Schema theory Justification suppression theory Cognitive diversity hypothesis

Social identity theory

Which of the following country has the highest average hours worked per worker? Japan Germany South Korea France United States

South Korea

______ occurs when an employee or an applicant is treated unfairly at work or in the job hiring process due to an identity group, condition, or personal characteristic. Groupthink Dislexia Revealing Workplace discrimination Cognitive dissonance

Workplace discrimination

______ skill include the ability to see the organization as a whole and to understand how various parts fit together to work as integrated unit. a. Conceptual b. deductive c. cognitive d. human relations e. Technical

a. Conceptual

_____ is primarily concerned with the behavior of individuals and groups. a. Micro-organizational behavior b. Organization theory c. management d. culture e. ethics

a. Micro-organizational behavior

The study of people's behavior is _____ behavior a. organizational b. alienation c. ethical d. systems e. management

a. organizational

Which of the following occupation shows the fastest growth rate in 2016-2026? a. solar photovoltaic installers b. application software developers c. physicians assistants d. teacher e. physical therapy assistants

a. solar photovoltaic installers

Which of these represents the final step in a behavior modification program? conduct a performance audit establish behavioral criteria administer feedback and rewards evaluate results set specific behavioral goals

administer feedback and rewards

A predisposition to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to objects or people in one's environment is the definition of _______. internal locus of control. an attitude. a perception. personal values cognitive dissonance.

an attitude.

Susan can be described as having ____ because she tends to attribute things that happen to her as something over which she has little or no influence. an external locus of control illusions of grandeur high self-esteem low dogmatism inadequate dependability

an external locus of control

An individual who greatly respects those in positions of power is generally supportive of __________ . subjectivity dogmatisim introversion situational intelligence. authoritarianism

authoritarianism

Which of these is NOT one of the managerial responsibilities identified in the text a. long-range planning b. coordinating c. supervision d. controlling e. external consulting

e. external consulting

Both the ___ and Human Resources department managers rate high on long-range planning, but will spend less time on the organizational offerings. a. computer b. accounting c. manufacturing d. marketing e. transportation

b. accounting

_____ are at the top of the hierarchy and are responsible for the entire organization, especially its strategic direction a. middle managers b. executive managers c. first line managers d. rank-and-file employees e. systems management

b. executive managers

_____ are responsible for major departments and ay supervise other lower-level managers a. executive managers b. middle mangers c. systems managers d. first-line managers e. rank and file employees

b. middle mangers

_______ is concerned with organization-wide issues, such as organization design and the relations between an organization and its environment a. management b. organization theory c. micro-organizational behavior d. macro-economics e. ethics

b. organization theory

_____ is a formal methodology that identifies dysfunctional aspects of workflow, procedures, structures and systems, and then realigns them to fit current business goals and develops plans to implement change. a. micro-organizational behavior b. organizational design c. organizational theory d. ethics e. management

b. organizational design

The need to ensure that one's behaviors are consistent with their attitudes toward the event refers to which of these? perceptual selectivity self-serving bias fundamental attribution errof behavioral justification halo effect

behavioral justification

Which of the following defines the process whereby a stimulus-response bond is developed between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response through the repeated linking of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus? behavior modification operant conditioning vicarious learning classical conditioning avoidance learning

classical conditioning

In _____, the unconditioned stimulus, acting as a sort of reward, is administered during every trial. In contrast, in ______ the reward results only when individuals choose the correct response. operant conditioning; vicarious learning vicarious learning; classical conditioning operant conditioning; classical conditioning classical conditioning; operant conditioning classical conditioning; vicarious learning

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

_____ are responsible for supervising frontline employees and carry out day-to-day activities within departments a. system manager b. middle managers c. first-line managers d. executive managers e. rank-and-file employees

c. first-line managers

Which of these best describes a company's ability to provide products and services more effectively and efficiently than competitors a. micro-organizational behavior b. alienation c. industrial competitiveness d. organizational design e. organizational processes

c. industrial competitiveness

Which of the following managers focus less on planning, coordinating, and consulting but more on customer relation and external contracts? a. human resource b. accounting c. marketing d. manufacturing e. systems

c. marketing

In ______, changes in behavior are thought to arise through changes in stimuli, whereas in ______, changes in behavior are thought to result from the consequences of previous behavior. vicarious learning; classical conditioning classical conditioning; vicarious learning operant conditioning; vicarious learning operant conditioning; classical conditioning classical conditioning; operant conditioning

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

There is heavy emphasis on _______ processes with behavioral self-management. cognitive motivational sensory All of the other answers are correct intuititive

cognitive

Which of the following represents a person's capacity to acquire and sort through various pieces of information from the environment and organize them in such a way that they make sense? cognitive complexity locus of control extroversion physical abilities psychomotor abilities

cognitive complexity

People experience __________ when they find themselves acting in a fashion that is inconsistent with their attitudes. halo effect denial cognitive dissonance consistency stereotyping

cognitive dissonance

Which of these refers to differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives? cognitive diversity treatment discrimination schema theory reverse discrimination covert discrimination

cognitive diversity

Which term describes discrimination that manifests itself in ways that are not visible or readily identifiable, yet is serious because it can impact interpersonal interactions between employees, employees and customers, and other important workplace relationships? treatment access age reverse covert

covert

The "collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another" is _________. culture value morality cognitive complexity ethics

culture

A cognitive style that is characterized by inflexibility is _________ . dependability extroversion locus of control self esteem dogmatism

dogmatism

Work typically serves all of these functions except: a. an economic function b. a source of identity and self esteem c. source of social status in the community d. social functions e. a source of alienation

e. a source of alienation

______ skills represent a manager's ability to organize and analyze information a. deductive b. technical c. cognitive d. conceptual e. human relations

d. conceptual

At brickyard tools, one of Jerome's key responsibilities is to evaluate and take correct action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources. This describes which of Jerome's managerial responsibilities A. Long-range planning b. Supervision c. coordinationg d. controlling e. internal consulting

d. controlling

Which of these defines the extent to which you believe that the person being observed would behave consistently when faced with different situations? distinctiveness consensus self-serving bias consistency stereotyping

distinctiveness