organizational theory and behavior test 2

positive reinforcement

A performance bonus is an example of

psychological

According to Maslow's heirarchy of needs, ___ needs are people's most basic requirements

want to be treated fairly

According to equity theory, people

illusion of self direction

According to the human relations approach to motivation, offering employees ___ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.

Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents

a decision rule

A decision maker's actions should be guided by

a goal

A ___ is an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal.

coalition

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?

command

Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?

control: measure and adjust

Being able to see similarities between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called

convergent

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ___ thinking.

divergent

Participation occurs when employees

have a voice in decisions about their own work

When cohesiveness is ___ and norms are highly compatible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest.

high

is an essential component of all groups

individuality

An ___ is a person who engages in leadership activities but whose right to do so has not been formally recognized.

informal leader

Creative thinking is enhanced by which of the following?

intelligence high levels of energy attraction to complexity openness

motivation

is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior.

The first widespread model that addressed how individual work should be designed focused on

job specialization

A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following

overall organizational goals

Goal specificity is consistently related to

performance

Which of the following distributes a portion of the company's profits to all employees at a predetermined rate

profit-sharing program

It is possible for the same decision to be ___ for an experienced manager and nonprogrammed for a more junior manager.

programmed

The primary job of ___ is to create new products, processes, or businesses

venture teams

In which stage is the group considered to be mature

Control and organization

relatedness

For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into a higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne

Frederick Herzberg

The Two-Factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?

Telecommuting is an example of an organization using

alternative work places

___ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner.

bounded rationality

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment

two-factor theory

According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?

evaluate alternatives

What is a relatively new role for managers in teams

facilitator

Which of the following is an alternative work arrangement in which an employee is given more control over the times worked on a typical workday

flextime

During the ____ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance, and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail.

reality and unrest

a reward system commonly found in team environments, where recipients are required to acquire a set of core abilities

skill based pay

When a few employees are given a small reward to show that they are appreciated, the reward carries ___ value

symbolic

is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, according to the job characteristics theory

task significance