Organizing and Outlining
Which organizational pattern first looks at factors that result in an event, then looks at the effects of the event?
Causal
Which of the following are appropriate strategies for titling a speech?
Be figurative and provocative Be straightforward and descriptive Be question-based
Bruno is creating a preparation outline. Help him identify the relationship between his ideas below by ordering the sentences as they would appear in a hierarchy. Rank the broadest statement at the top and the sentence with the most narrow focus at the bottom.
Therapists often provide their patients with a variety of treatment options. Therapy animals are one possible treatment option. Dogs are commonly used as therapy animals.
In the preparation outline, transitions and internal previews of the speech should be
labeled separately from the symbolization and indentation system of the speech. placed in the outline where they will be used in the speech.
What are the primary strategies for preparing main points in speeches?
Create independent points for clarity. Balance the time dedicated to each point. Use parallel wording to improve comprehension.
Alexa is writing a speech about four types of storms. What tip for writing main points did she forget to use in setting up the main points below? I. Hurricanes and tornadoes are storms with strong winds, but hurricanes occur along coastlines. II. Hailstorms are thunderstorms with strong updrafts. III. Ice storms are storms in which the air temperature is near freezing.
Keep main points separate.
Which of the following main points use parallel wording with the first main point "Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding"?
Origami includes many popular designs, such as paper cranes. Origami is usually done with a type of paper called kami.
Why are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?
Stock phrases distract listeners. Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed.
An internal preview
works just like a preview statement in a speech introduction but in the body of the speech. lets the audience know with some detail what the speaker will discuss next.
Which of the following does an internal summary do?
Reminds listeners of what they just heard.
The ______ outline is constructed during the process of putting your speech together.
preparation
Which of the following are situations in which a title is likely to be necessary for a speech?
A speech that will be published in the future A publicized talk at a professional convention
A speaking outline is the most common form of notes for which type of speech?
Extemporaneous
True or false: A preparation outline can be turned into a speaking outline by removing the title, labels, and bibliography.
False
Why should main points and subpoints be written in full sentences in preparation outlines for extemporaneous speeches?
Full sentences show that the speaker has truly thought out each point the speaker will say aloud. Full sentences clearly indicate the content of each main point and subpoint.
Renee is writing a speech about threats to the global elephant population. How would you best combine her two related main points below? I. Elephants are endangered animals. II. Habitat loss and the ivory trade threaten the elephant population.
Habitat loss and the ivory trade have caused elephants to become endangered.
Supporting materials should be well-organized and directly relevant to the ______ that they are supporting.
main points
If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a(n) ______ pattern.
time
A speaking outline should be as ______ as possible.
brief
A speaking outline for an extemporaneous speech should include
delivery cues.
Directions included in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how to give key parts of the speech are called
delivery cues.
What type of organizational pattern would you be using if you presented a speech in which the first main point covers things that contribute to diabetes, and the second and final main point describes the effects of the disease?
Causal
Which one of these is not a guideline for preparing the preparation outline?
Construct main points and subpoints as key words rather than sentences.
Which of the following are parts that should be labeled in a preparation outline?
Introduction Conclusion Body
Dominic has spent the past week writing a speech for a meeting of the historical society based on his preparation outline. He now wants to prepare a speaking outline to help with his delivery. Which of the following strategies would make it easiest for him to find where he is in the speech at any moment during his speech delivery?
To follow the same visual framework that was used in the preparation outline
The preparation outline usually includes ______ that lists sources that the speaker used to research the topic.
a bibliography
Topical order is when you organize your speech
by dividing the speech topic into subtopics, each of which is a main point.
A speech about the causes and effects of earthquakes would most likely be organized in ______ order.
causal
Carlos has been asked to give a speech at an upcoming conference. In order to make sure his speech is properly organized and contains all the information he wants to express to his audience, Carlos should begin by creating a
preparation outline.
Because main points are the information that you most want your audience to learn, you need to
select them carefully.
One guideline for the speaking outline is that it be
immediately legible.
Cory has prepared a speech that contains a transition from the introductory overview of sustainable development trends to the history of housing development codes. Which of the following best represents how the transition should appear in the preparation outline?
(Transition: Before looking at the future of sustainable development, we must understand our city's building codes.)
Ann gave 10% of her time to Point I, 15% of her time to Point II, and 75% of her time to Point III. What does this division indicate?
Ann's main points are not balanced. Point I and Point II may not need to be main points.
Where should the purpose of a speech appear in a preparation outline?
As a separate unit before the outline
Clarence is working on a preparation outline for an upcoming speech, and he has just come up with a clever way of transitioning between his introductory statements and the body of his speech. How should the transition be represented within his outline?
As a separately labeled item between the introduction and body
Which strategy is necessary to ensure that each main point receives enough emphasis when preparing main points for a speech?
Balance the time devoted to each main point.
Which of the following are guidelines for preparing the preparation outline?
Identify the central idea. Label the introduction, body, and conclusion. State the specific purpose of your speech.
Which of the following are guidelines for preparing the speaking outline?
Include cues for how to deliver the speech. Follow the visual framework of the preparation outline. Be certain the speaking outline is legible.
Maureen has prepared an outline for a speech that she is giving at a volunteer orientation meeting. She is worried that her speech does not include all its necessary elements. What is the best way for Maureen to ensure that her speech includes all the necessary parts?
Include labels in the preparation outline.
Alexi's speech is intended to convince his listeners that he should be elected vice president of his class. Based on the breakdown of the time devoted to his main points, which of the following would fix the imbalance? I. I have a wide range of experience in organizations and student government. 20% II. Previous vice presidents have been less involved in actual change. 15% III. I want to increase the number of student parking spaces and increase funding for campus clubs. 65%
Increasing the time on spent on points I and II by 15% each and decreasing the time spent on point III by 30%.
Which of the following can be accomplished with delivery cues?
Indicating when certain ideas or phrases need special emphasis Helping to control the timing and rhythm of a speech
Which of the following statements about the organization of a speaking outline is true?
It should use the same symbols and indentation pattern as the preparation outline.
Harry is outlining a speech about the need for an intern network at his college, and he has calculated the proportion of the speech taken by each main point. Which strategy would most benefit his outline? I. An intern network for college students increases success after graduation and it helps a college be competitive with other colleges with intern networks. 70% II. An intern network can be established through contacts with alumni. 30%
Keep main points separate.
Katarina is required to give a speech to her sociology class as part of her evaluation. She has completed both a preparation outline and a speaking outline. Which of the following items are likely to appear in her speaking outline but not in her preparation outline?
Key words or phrases Delivery cues
Which of the following are common recommendations for helping ensure that the speaking outline can be easily seen as you are speaking?
Leave extra spacing between lines. Use large writing or printing.
Danielle has created a preparation outline for an upcoming speech. Her outline includes a purpose statement, central idea, and bibliography, as well as brief notes on main points and subpoints using one or two words each. What is wrong with Danielle's outline?
Main points and subpoints should be stated in full sentences.
Darius is constructing a preparation outline for a speech he will be giving to his class on the effects of climate change. His outline includes the main points "1. Sea level rise," "2. Severe weather events," and "3. Health concerns," each with several subpoints. What is wrong with Darius' outline?
Main points and subpoints should be written in full sentences.
Which of the following are the two most commonly used formats for speech bibliographies?
Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA)
Which of the following is the best example of an effective transition?
Now that you have heard a little about the history of olives, let me share some of my favorite uses for them.
Leslie's specific purpose is "to persuade my listeners that action must be taken to stop the child slave trade." Which organizational pattern would best fit Leslie's specific purpose?
Problem-solution
By themselves, main points are only assertions. What is needed to verify and substantiate main points?
Supporting materials
Georges is preparing a speaking outline for an upcoming presentation at a regional economics conference. His outline contains a number of points and subpoints, many of which are supported by complex statistics and quotations from his extensive research. Which of the following items should be fully written out in his notes?
Supporting statistics Quotations
Timothee is planning a speech to persuade his audience that swimming is a healthy form of exercise. If he only wants two main points, which of these statements about swimming would best fulfill his specific purpose?
Swimming strengthens the whole body. Swimming improves mental health.
Jana has prepared an outline for a speech on the Hindenburg disaster, in which a large airship caught fire in New Jersey on May 6, 1937. Which of the following would be an appropriate speech title that makes use of the three guidelines for titles?
The Hindenburg Disaster
Which of the following is the best example of a main point in a preparation outline?
The cost of a college education both at private and state schools has risen exponentially in recent years.
Which of the following are always stated in a transition?
The idea the speaker has just finished discussing. The idea the speaker is about to start discussing.
Why is important for a speech to be well organized?
The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech. Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message.
Which of the following are true of signposts?
They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech. They are frequently just numbers.
Which of the following is a true statement about transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews?
They should be labeled in the preparation outline but not incorporated into the indentation and symbolization system.
In a speech about exercise, Louis developed three main points: I. Exercise benefits physical health. II. Exercise benefits mental health. III. Exercise benefits sleep patterns. Which of the following best describes the way Louis wrote the main points?
They use parallel wording.
A speaker who is having trouble maintaining eye contact with the audience is likely to have which of the following problems with his or her speaking outline?
Too many details
Peter has divided his speech topic, physical fitness, into three subtopics: strength, endurance, and flexibility. Which method of speech organization is this an example of?
Topical order
Connectives help join one thought to another in a speech and include which of the following?
Transitions Signposts Internal summaries Internal previews
Following the strategy of keeping main points separate, Misha recognizes that he needs to divide the main point below to make two separate main points. If he chooses to make one of the main points "Donating a share of our profits to environmental agencies would improve our environmentally friendly image," which of the following would be the best choice for the other main point? Donating a share of our products' profits to environmental agencies would aid our environmentally friendly image, as would adding labels that we support environmental agencies.
Using labels naming the agencies we support would inform the consumer of our policy.
Stephanie's preparation outline includes a body section with three main points, each with several related subpoints. How should the relationship between ideas be indicated in the outline?
With a progressive series of numbers and indents
Which of the following are guidelines for the preparation outline that will help you make sure your ideas are completely thought out and distinct?
Write out main points and subpoints as full sentences.
Along with a purpose statement, a preparation outline should include _____ to keep the speech focused and effective.
a central idea
If your specific purpose is "to persuade my audience why they should eat only organic produce," each of your main points must include
a reason why listeners should only eat organic produce.
John is giving a process speech about the steps in baking an apple pie. Because he wants to talk about the steps in the order in which they need to be completed, he should use
chronological order.
A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)
internal preview.
When a speech uses ______ order, it is divided into two main parts. The first of these parts discusses the existence of an issue, while the second proposes a way to fix the issue.
problem-solution
The order of main points that follows a directional pattern is called
spatial order.
The preparation outline should include the ______ purpose as a way to help you evaluate how successfully the speech has been put together.
specific
In order for an audience to be able to follow the progression of the ideas in your speech from beginning to end, you need to use
strategic organization.
Which of the following is an example of an effective signpost?
"First, I will discuss what fracking is."
Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?
"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."
When you are giving a speech and say, "My second point is," which of the following are you using?
A signpost
Why should a speaker strive to balance the amount of time devoted to main points?
Because main points are important and speakers should be sure they all receive enough emphasis.
Sydney is preparing a speaking outline for a speech to her English Literature class. Which of the following should she include between the introduction and the main body?
Body --Pause---
Which of the following are examples of delivery cues you might include in a speech about President John F. Kennedy?
Slow down Pause here Emphasize "what you can do for your country"
Keisha is giving a speech on the planets in the solar system, starting with the planet closest to the sun and ending with the farthest. Which organizational pattern is she using?
Spatial order
Jian speaks about the failure of the South Fork Dam in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the late 1800s. His first main point discusses how the dam's failure impacted the local communities. His second main point discusses the factors leading to the dam's failure: heavy rains and poor upkeep. Jian's speech is organized in which order?
Causal order
Match each method of ordering main points (on the left) with its description (on the right). Chronological order- Spatial order- Causal order- Problem-solution order- Topical order-
Chronological order- Main points follow the sequence in which they happened. Spatial order- Main points follow a directional or structural pattern. Causal order- Cause and effect relationship Problem-solution order- Main points demonstrate that a problem exists and provides a potential solution. Topical order-Ordered by category
Which of the following is the term for the notes used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech?
Speaking outline
Kendra is giving a speech on the city of Denver. Her first main point is "Denver is full of fun things to do and see." Which of the following would be appropriate support for this main point?
Denver's Botanic Gardens hosts events and lectures. Denver's 16th Street Mall is lined with restaurants and shops for browsing.
True or false: There is no uniform system for creating an effective preparation outline.
False
Keep the main points separate. Write the main points with parallel wording. Balance coverage of main points.
I. The city should fund youth sports programs and advertise sports camps in schools. (60%) II. The charges for local sports programs should be reduced. (40%) I. First, we need to recruit volunteers to collect signatures. (50%) II. Training volunteers to collect signatures is the second step. (50%) I. Sales have increased with the release of our new product. (20%) II. Hiring new employees has allowed us to meet greater demand. (80%)
Which two of the following are places in a speech that the central idea is often placed?
Immediately after the purpose statement In the text of the outline
Which of the following statements is an example of an effective internal preview?
In discussing why buying local is a good choice, we'll look first at how it benefits the environment and second at its benefits for the economy.
A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guideline for keeping main points
separate.
Brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called
signposts.
The hierarchy of a preparation outline indicates
the importance of ideas.
To use the speaking outline effectively as a guide while talking, the speaking outline should use the same _______ that was used in the preparation outline.
visual framework
Which three of the following are most important to consider when deciding the order of main points in your speech?
your topic your audience your purpose
