orion chapter 8 questions

The function of the fibula is to help stabilize the ankle joint. A. True B. False

A. True

The ligaments of the knee attach to the epicondyles of the femur. A. True B. False

A. True

The pelvic girdle is directly attached to the vertebral column. A. True B. False

A. True

The tibia is the more medial of the two lower leg bones. A. True B. False

A. True

The tibial tuberosity is continuous with the anterior crest of the shin. A. True B. False

A. True

In the cervical and thoracic region, processes from the vertebrae develop into ribs. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing? A. tibia B. talus C. fibula D. femur

C. fibula

The superior opening of the pelvic brim is called the ___________________________

pelvic inlet

Both the medial and lateral parts of the longitudinal arch originate at the calcaneus. A. True B. False

A. True

The ________ do (does) not belong to the pectoral girdle. Select all that apply. A. sacroiliac joint B. pubic symphysis C. glenohumeral joint D. sternoclavicular joint E. clavicle and scapula F. acromioclavicular joint

A. sacroiliac joint B. pubic symphysis

The junction of two pubic bones is the A. symphysis pubis B. ischial tuberosity C. sacroiliac joint D. anterior superior iliac spine

A. symphysis pubis

Both the coranoid process and the radial notch are on the radius. A. True B. False

B. False

In a male, the pelvic inlet and outlet are narrow and the pubic angle is greater than 90°. A. True B. False

B. False

The false pelvis contains the vagina in the female and is therefore an important measurement for any obstetrician. A. True B. False

B. False

The process of limb development includes the stages listed below. Select the answer choice that arranges these steps in the correct order:1. endochondral ossification begins2. small elevations of lateral plate mesoderm appear3. constriction produces flattened distal segments4. cartilaginous skeleton forms5. mesenchymal skeleton exists A. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 B. 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 C. 2, 5, 3, 4, 1 D. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1

C. 2, 5, 3, 4, 1

Which of the following are effects of pregnancy on the female? Select all that apply. A. increase in the size of the obturator foramen B. narrowing in the size of the false pelvis C. altered center of gravity due to enlarged uterus in the pelvic cavity D. relaxation of the pubic symphysis

C. altered center of gravity due to enlarged uterus in the pelvic cavity D. relaxation of the pubic symphysis

Select all bone markings that are on the distal portion of the humerus. A. coracoid process B. conoid tubercle C. capitulum D. trochlea E. lateral epicondyle F. lesser tubercle

C. capitulum D. trochlea E. lateral epicondyle

Which boney landmark lies immediately distal to the anterior-most portion of the trochlear notch? A. radial tuberosity B. conoid process C. coronoid process D. olecranon

C. coronoid process

Which tarsal is most medial? A. third cuneiform B. talus C. first cuneiform D. cuboid

C. first cuneiform

The bones of the pectoral girdle include A. a clavicle and a humerus B. a clavicle, a scapula, and a humerus C. a humerus and a scapula D. a clavicle and a scapula

D. a clavicle and a scapula

Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth? A. small ischial spines B. an enlarged iliac crest C. a wide, circular pelvic inlet D. a small pelvic outlet

D. a small pelvic outlet

Much of the skull arises from the A. mesoderm B. endoderm C. endoderm and mesoderm D. ectoderm

D. ectoderm

The space that lies between the left and right iliac fossae and above the pelvic inlet is the A. true pelvis B. superior pelvis C. os coxa D. false pelvis

D. false pelvis

The process of taking a piece of bone, some periosteum, and a nutrient artery is called bone grafting. A common source for bone grafting is the A. femur B. calcaneus C. tibia D. fibula

D. fibula

Which bone is thinnest? A. tibia B. femur C. patella D. fibula

D. fibula

Which bone structure is found in the ulnar notch of the radius? A. styloid process of ulna B. styloid process of radius C. head of radius D. head of ulna

D. head of ulna

The conoid tubercle is on the __________________ surface of the lateral end of the clavicle. A. distal B. proximal C. superior D. inferior

D. inferior

A "fallen" arch is generally due to a weakened or damaged A. lateral longitudinal arch B. undiagnosed fracture of one of the metatarsals C. transverse arch D. medial longitudinal arch

D. medial longitudinal arch

The patella is considered a/an A. flat bone B. irregular bone C. long bone D. sesamoid bone

D. sesamoid bone

The long bone that lies immediately inferior to the femur is the A. fibula B. tarsal C. patella D. tibia

D. tibia

Each foot contains how many phalanges? A. 20 B. 28 C. 15 D. 30 E. 14

E. 14

The pelvic axis is central plane of the pelvic outlet. It is found __________ to the obturator foramen. A. inferior B. lateral C. anterior D. superior E. medial F. posterior

E. medial

The adductor tubercle is the site of attachment for the ______________ _____________ muscle.

adductor magnus

The portion of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim is called the _______________________

false pelvis

The fibular notch is the site of articulation between the tibia and the ___________ (bone).

fibula

The tibia is classified as a ________ bone.

long

The area on the femur where the knee cap glides is called the __________________

patellar surface

The pubic tubercle denotes the beginning of the _________________ line, which is one of boney features that defines the separation of the true and false pelvis.

pectineal line

The ____________ girdle offers more mobility than strength

pectoral

The ______________ girdle sacrifices stability for increased mobility, while the pelvic girdle is comparatively more stable and strong.

pectoral

The pelvic girdle articulates directly with the axial skeleton at the _____________ joint.

sacroiliac joint

The lateral malleolus articulates with the ____________

talus

The medial malleolus articulates with ____________ (bone).

talus

The fibular notch is in the posterior border of the _____________ bone.

tibia

The medial malleolus is on what bone?

tibia

The false pelvis is separated from the true pelvis by the pelvic brim. A. True B. False

A. True

The false pelvis is shallower in a female pelvis than in a male pelvis. A. True B. False

A. True

Despite the female's need to carry a developing human, the male's pelvis is larger and heavier. A. True B. False

A. True

In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance. A. True B. False

A. True

The acetabulum and the femur form the coxal (hip) joint. A. True B. False

A. True

The medial malleolus is A. all of the choices are correct B. is on the same side of the leg/foot as the great toe C. a structure of the tibia D. is distal to the patella

A. all of the choices are correct

Identify all the bony markings that can be found on the ilium. Select all that apply. A. anterior gluteal line B. auricular surface C. pectineal line D. iliac crest E. symphysis F. greater sciatic notch G. lesser sciatic notch

A. anterior gluteal line B. auricular surface D. iliac crest F. greater sciatic notch

The neurocranium is divided into (select all that apply) A. cartilaginous neurocranium B. muscular neurocranium C. membranous neurocranium D. neural neurocranium

A. cartilaginous neurocranium C. membranous neurocranium

The organs found within the true pelvis include (select all that apply) A. cervix B. prostate C. appendix D. vagina

A. cervix B. prostate D. vagina

Normally, the patella glides superiorly and inferiorly. In patellofemoral stress syndrome, the patella also glides laterally, rubbing against the femoral A. condyles B. intercondylar fossa C. trochanters D. epicondyles

A. condyles

Tarsal bones include (select all that apply) A. cuneiform B. metatarsals C. phalanges D. calcaneus

A. cuneiform D. calcaneus

Select all of the features that are qualities of a male pelvis. A. curved iliac crest B. large acetabulum C. heavy ox coxae D. wide sciatic notch

A. curved iliac crest B. large acetabulum C. heavy ox coxae

The acetabulum in the pelvic girdle is _________ than the glenoid cavity in the __________. A. deeper; pectoral girdle B. weaker; pectoral C. smoother; pelvic girdle D. shallower; pelvic girdle

A. deeper; pectoral girdle

The "ball of the foot" normally carries about 40% of the weight of the body. What is the ball of the foot? A. distal metatarsal B. proximal phalanx C. proximal metatarsal D. distal phalanx

A. distal metatarsal

The skeleton arises from (select all that apply): A. ectoderm B. endoderm C. periderm D. mesoderm

A. ectoderm D. mesoderm

Which structures are proximal to the elbow? Select all that apply. A. greater tubercle B. lesser tubercle C. deltoid tuberosity D. styloid process

A. greater tubercle B. lesser tubercle C. deltoid tuberosity

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? A. lateral malleolus B. none of the choices is correct C. fibular notch D. medial malleolus E. head

A. lateral malleolus

Which of the following are bony markings on the tibia? Select all that apply. A. medial malleolus B. intercondylar eminence C. medial epicondyle D. lateral condyle E. lateral malleolus

A. medial malleolus B. intercondylar eminence D. lateral condyle

The vertebral bones arise from cube-shaped masses called somites. Somites are __________________ in origin. A. mesoderm B. endoderm and ectoderm C. ectoderm D. endoderm

A. mesoderm

Which bone in the foot is the most medial of all those listed? A. navicular B. metarsal V C. third cuneiform D. cuboid

A. navicular

The transverse arch is formed by these structures. Select all that apply. A. navicular B. metatarsals C. calcaneus D. phalanges E. cuneiforms

A. navicular B. metatarsals E. cuneiforms

Which bones of the skull develop from the membraneous neurocranium? Select all that apply. A. parietal bones B. vomer C. mandible D. frontal bone

A. parietal bones D. frontal bone

The styloid process of the radius is __________ to the scaphoid bone. A. proximal B. posterior C. distal D. anterior E. medial F. lateral

A. proximal

The obturator foramen is the largest foramen in the skeleton and is surrounded by the (select all that apply): A. pubis B. femus C. ischium D. ilium

A. pubis C. ischium

"Fallen arches" may lead to which of the following? Select all that apply. A. stress fractures B. shin splints C. plantar fasciitis inflammation of the fascia of the sole D. clawfoot E. calluses

A. stress fractures B. shin splints C. plantar fasciitis inflammation of the fascia of the sole E. calluses

Select all of the bones that belong to the lower limb. A. tarsals B. patella C. carpals D. femur E. humerus

A. tarsals B. patella D. femur

Following a playground accident, little Johnny was told that the outside of his ankle joint was broken. The bone that has been injured is the A. tibia B. fibula C. medial malleolus D. talus E. navicular F. calcaneus

A. tibia

Which bone is a component of the free lower limb? A. tibia B. pelvis C. ilium D. pubic symphysis

A. tibia

The notochord stimulates mesenchymal cells to form the following. Select all that apply. A. vertebral arch centers B. vertebral bodies C. rib centers D. costal centers

A. vertebral arch centers B. vertebral bodies C. rib centers D. costal centers

Name the structures of the female pelvis that are important features for childbirth. Select all that apply. A. width of the pubic arch B. size of the hip pointer C. size of the pelvic inlet D. size of the acetabulum

A. width of the pubic arch C. size of the pelvic inlet

Which gender has larger, more pronounced bone markings on the pelvis? A. Female B. Male

B. Male

If you count all the carpals in the human body, there would be how many? A. 14 B. 16 C. 8 D. 5 E. 7

B. 16

Eudibamus cursoris, an ancient and extinct reptile, is believed to have been among the first bipedal (walked upright on hind limbs) vertebrates. Based on knowledge of pelvic and pectoral girdle modifications in the human body, which statement might a scientist predict to be true regarding the anatomical features for this animal? Select all that apply. A. Eudibamus had a more mobile pelvic girdle and an upper limb evolved for enhanced mobility. B. Eudibamus had a forelimb with a shallow ball and socket joint and a pectoral girdle that was weakly attached to the vertbral column, and a hind limb evolved for strength in locomotion. C. Eudibamus had a forelimb evolved for strength and stability and a hind limb with shallow ball and socket joints and a pelvic girdle that was firmly anchored to the vertebral column. D. Eudibamus had a more stable pelvic girdle and an upper limb evolved for increased mobility.

B. Eudibamus had a forelimb with a shallow ball and socket joint and a pectoral girdle that was weakly attached to the vertbral column, and a hind limb evolved for strength in locomotion. D. Eudibamus had a more stable pelvic girdle and an upper limb evolved for increased mobility.

The fibula directly articulates with the femur. A. True B. False

B. False

The fibula is a weight-bearing bone. A. True B. False

B. False

The glenoid cavity contains a deeper depression than the acetabulum. A. True B. False

B. False

The hinge joint of the elbow consists of the humerus and the radius. A. True B. False

B. False

The pectoral girdle is directly attached to the vertebral column. A. True B. False

B. False

The primary function of the tibia is to help stabilize the ankle joint. A. True B. False

B. False

The tibial tuberosity is superior to the patella. A. True B. False

B. False

If you are holding a femur in your hand with the anterior side facing you and the medial epicondyle and head are on the left side, then the femur is A. abnormal B. a left bone C. all of the choices are correct D. upside down

B. a left bone

The strongest bone in the body articulates with the pelvic girdle via the A. obturator foramen B. acetabulum C. patella D. glenoid cavity

B. acetabulum

The conoid tubercle is closer to which end of the scapula? A. sternal B. acromial C. vertebral D. equidistant between the acromial and sternal ends

B. acromial

The notochord stimulates mesenchymal cells to form the following. Select all that apply. A. facial bones B. annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc C. skull bones D. nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc E. bodies of the vertebra

B. annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc D. nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc E. bodies of the vertebra

Which bony surface has a rougher appearance? A. iliac crest B. auricular surface C. apex D. iliac fossa

B. auricular surface

Which of the following has a larger diameter? A. true pelvis B. false pelvis C. coccyx D. apex of sacrum

B. false pelvis

The tissue found between the right and left pubic bones is A. compact bone B. fibrocartilage C. adipose tissue D. hyaline cartilage

B. fibrocartilage

The function of the condyles, as seen on bones like the tibia, is to A. allow passage of a blood vessels B. form joint surfaces C. stabilize all joints involving the tibia

B. form joint surfaces

The skull begins development during the __________________ week after fertilization. A. twentieth B. fourth C. twelfth D. first

B. fourth

The angle of convergence of the female femur is __________ than that of the male because the female pelvis is broader. A. equal B. greater C. lesser D. greater or lesser depending on the age of the female

B. greater

Which of these are the features/evolutionary modifications that relate to the pectoral girdle/limb? Select all that apply. A. deep ball and socket joint B. increased mobility C. articulates directly with the vertebral column D. does not directly articulate with the vertebral column E. decreased mobility F. related to locomotion G. shallow ball and socket joint H. diminished stability I. related to steering J. increased stability

B. increased mobility D. does not directly articulate with the vertebral column G. shallow ball and socket joint H. diminished stability I. related to steering

Which spine occurs on the ischium? A. anterior inferior spine B. ischial spine C. posterior superior spine D. anterior superior spine

B. ischial spine

The pubic arch in males is A. oval B. less than 90° C. more curved D. shallow

B. less than 90°

The false pelvis contains which of the following? Select all that apply. A. stomach B. lower intestines C. superior part of the bladder D. uterus and ovaries E. portions of the transverse colon

B. lower intestines C. superior part of the bladder D. uterus and ovaries

The pelvic axis is the __________. Select all that apply. A. measurement from the tip of the pubic symphysis and the highest point of the sacrum B. measurement from the central plane of the pelvic inlet to the pelvic outlet C. measurement from the ischial tuberosities to the pelvic inlet D. route taken by the baby's head as it descends through the pelvis E. measurement from the tip of the pubic symphysis and the inferior portion of the coccyx

B. measurement from the central plane of the pelvic inlet to the pelvic outlet D. route taken by the baby's head as it descends through the pelvis

The diaphysis of the femur angles A. distally B. medially C. cephalically D. laterally

B. medially

Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone within A. fibrocartilage B. mesenchyme C. hyaline cartilage D. epithelial tissue

B. mesenchyme

The weakest point of the clavicle is the A. sternal end B. midregion C. acromial end D. vertebral end

B. midregion

Which tarsal bones articulate with the second cuneiform? Select all that apply. A. cuboid B. navicular C. talus D. first cuneiform

B. navicular D. first cuneiform

The false pelvis is bordered by or contains the (select all that apply) A. prostate B. ovaries C. vagina D. lumbar vertebrae

B. ovaries D. lumbar vertebrae

The __________________ subdivides the pelvis into the "true pelvis" and the "false pelvis". A. pelvic outlet B. pelvic brim C. sacral promontory D. pubic symphysis

B. pelvic brim

The intercondylar fossa is located on the __________ side of the femur. A. lateral B. posterior C. medial D. anterior

B. posterior

The membranous neurocranium will form the bones of the A. base of the skull B. roof and sides of the skull C. ear bones and hyoid D. facial bones

B. roof and sides of the skull

Which of the following are a part of the true pelvis? Select all that apply. A. anterior inferior iliac spine B. sacrum C. pubic symphysis D. ilium E. pubis F. anterior superior iliac spine G. ischium H. acetabulum

B. sacrum C. pubic symphysis D. ilium E. pubis

Which tarsal is more medial? A. third cuneiform B. second cuneiform

B. second cuneiform

The false pelvis is A. lateral to the obturator foramen B. superior to the pelvic brim C. inferior to the pubic symphysis D. posterior to the sacral promontory

B. superior to the pelvic brim

The medial leg bone with a medial malleolus is the A. femur B. tibia C. calcaneus D. fibula

B. tibia

Following a playground accident, little Johnny was told he sprained his knee. Which joint was most likely damaged? A. patellarfemoral B. tibiofemoral C. fibularfemoral D. tibiofibular

B. tibiofemoral

There are __________________ attachments between the radius and ulna. A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4

C. 3

Which is probably the most important structural characteristic for a female throughout pregnancy and childbirth? A. The obturator foramen is larger in a male. B. The iliac crest is less curved in a female. C. The female pelvis is wider and shallower. D. The acetabulum faces more laterally in a male.

C. The female pelvis is wider and shallower.

The medial malleolus A. articulates with the calcaneus B. is the proximal portion of the tibia C. forms the medial side of the ankle joint D. is part of the arch of the foot

C. forms the medial side of the ankle joint

Which of the following are bony markings on the fibula? Select all that apply. A. medial malleolus B. lateral condyle C. head D. intercondylar eminence E. lateral malleolus

C. head E. lateral malleolus

The lateral prominence on the distal lower leg is the A. calcaneus B. talus C. lateral malleolus D. medial malleolus

C. lateral malleolus

The medial prominence on the distal lower leg is the A. talus B. calcaneus C. medial malleolus D. lateral malleolus

C. medial malleolus

Ribs are derived from A. endoderm and ectoderm B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. ectoderm

C. mesoderm

The _________ girdle is stronger than the __________ girdle. A. pectoral; sacral B. pectoral; pelvic C. pelvic; pectoral D. pelvic; humeral

C. pelvic; pectoral

The flexor retinaculum is a fibrous band of connective tissue which forms the carpal tunnel. It extends from the scaphoid and trapezium on the radial side to the ___________ on the ulnar side. A. capitate and lunate B. hamate and lunate C. pisiform and hamate D. triquetrum and pisiform

C. pisiform and hamate

Which bone is a component of the upper free limb? A. clavicle B. scapula C. radius D. cervical vertebra

C. radius

The tibia sits immediately superior to the A. fibula B. femur C. talus D. calcaneus

C. talus

A large interosseous membrane is found between the __________________ and the fibula. A. talus B. fibula C. tibia D. femur

C. tibia

The interosseous membrane connects the A. tibia and femur B. tibia and talus C. tibia and fibula D. fibula and femur

C. tibia and fibula

The ________ limb buds develop first and are covered by ___________. A. lower; ectoderm B. upper; mesoderm C. upper; ectoderm D. lower; mesoderm

C. upper; ectoderm

If you are holding a patella and looking at the posterior side with the apex pointed inferiorly, then the bone is __________ if the articular facet for lateral femoral condyle is on the right. A. articulating with the tarsals B. fractured C. abnormal D. a right bone

D. a right bone

The skeletal elements of the upper and lower limbs are derived from __________ and develop through a process called ___________ . A. mesoderm, intramembranous ossification B. ectoderm, intramembranous ossification C. endoderm, endochondral ossification D. mesoderm, endochondral ossification

D. mesoderm, endochondral ossification

While trying to evade a pack of angry zombies, the frightened man tripped and fell. The base of his outstretched hand absorbed most of the impact and he heard a pronounced "pop". He most likely fractured his A. radius B. ulna C. metacarpals D. scaphoid

D. scaphoid

The neurocranium will form the A. face and cervical region B. face C. cervical region D. skull

D. skull

Pelvimetry is the measurement of the size of the birth canal. This is really the measurement of A. the true pelvis and the false pelvis B. the true pelvis and pelvic outlet C. the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis D. the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet

D. the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet

The medial and lateral condyles of the _________ are _________ and articulate with the femur. A. fibula; distal B. tibia; distal C. fibula; proximal D. tibia; proximal

D. tibia; proximal

Identify all of the features that are qualities of a male pelvis. Select all that apply. A. narrow sciatic notch B. more vertical ilium C. heart-shaped pelvic brim D. heavy ox coxae

a. narrow sciatic notch B. more vertical ilium C. heart-shaped pelvic brim D. heavy ox coxae

The pelvic girdle is modified for _______________ a. steering b. locomotion

b. locomotion

The ball and socket joint of the pectoral girdle is _____________ than that of the pelvic girdle. a. deeper b. shallower

b. shallower

At the lateral end of the superior border of the scapula is a projection (bone marking) on the anterior surface. This is called the _______________

coracoid process

The lateral malleolus is on what bone?

fibula

Upper limb buds are called hand plates and lower limb buds are called ___________________

floor plates

The shallow ball and socket joint of the pectoral girdle allow for a ______________________ range of motion in contrast to the relatively deep ball and socket joint of the pelvic girdle.

greater, increased, wider

Through the process of evolution the pectoral limb became more mobile due to modifications for steering, whereas the pelvic limb became more stable due to its role in ____________________

locomotion

Distally, the metatarsals articulate with the proximal row of phalanges to form the _____________ joints.

metatarsophalangeal

The pectoral girdle sacrifices stability for increased mobility, while the _______________ girdle is comparatively more stable and strong.

pelvic

The inferior rami of the two pubis bones converge to form ____________________ the which demonstrates a wider angle in females than in males.

pubic arch

Failure of the vertebral arch to develop in early development may result in a condition called ___________________ _______________________

spina bifida

While attempting to establish a new route to the top of El Capitan, a climber dislodges a large rock that strikes her lower limb. The impact destroys her ankle mortise, formed by the medial and lateral malleoli, and dislocates her ____________ bone from its normal position.

talus

The tibia articulates with the femur and fibula proximally and the ________ and _____________ (bone) distally

talus & fibula

The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the _______________ (bone).

tibia

The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the __________ (bone).

tibia

The shin bone is more correctly called the _____________

tibia

The prominent bony structure that can be palpated on the superior anterior surface of the shin is called the __________________ _________________

tibial tuberosity