Osmosis

The concentration of the NaCl on side A will eventually equal that on side B BECAUSE Na and Cl ions will move by diffusion from one side to the other, gradually reaching a uniform density, and then the net movement of ions will stop A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

A. both the statement and the reason are correct

the concentration of glucose on side B will decrease and that on side A will increase BECAUSE water molecules will diffuse through the membrane from side A to side B by osmosis, thus lowering the glucose concentration on side B A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

A. both the statement and the reason are correct

the fluid on side B will rise BECAUSE the solution in side B had a higher solute concentration than side A. A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

A. both the statement and the reason are correct

water molecules will tend to move from side A to side B BECAUSE the net movement of water molecules will be from the solution with the lower solute concentration to the solution with the higher solute concentration. A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

A. both the statement and the reason are correct

The fluid level on side B will rise BECAUSE the water molecules on that side at the beginning of the experiment have more free energy than those on side A A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect

the NaCl solution on side B will become more concentrated and that on side A less concentrated BECAUSE a substance tends to diffuse from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration of that substance A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect

The concentration s of the glucose solutions on sides A and B will remain unchanged BECAUSE the membrane is impermeable to glucose and so glucose cannot diffuse from one side to the other. A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect

The fluid level will increase on side A and decrease on side B BECAUSE water molecules will move through the membrane fro regions of higher to regions of lower concentration of water molecules. A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect

The net movement of water molecules will be from side B to side A BECAUSE water molecules will move from the solution with higher solute concentration to the solution with the lower solute concentration when the two are separated by a selectively permeable membrane A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

water molecules will move only from side A to side B and not from side B to side A BECAUSE water molecules move only from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration A. both the statement and the reason are correct B. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect C. the statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

D. Both the statement and the reason are incorrect

what is the water potential of pure water?

0 bars

Temp in Kelvin = degrees Celsius + ---

273

A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will decrease in volume? Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch or Solution B: 7.62% (m/v) starch

Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch

crenation

The shrinking of blood cells in a hypertonic solution

why does water move from the roots to the tips of treetops.

Water evaporates from the leaves of the tree making the outermost parts of the tree have a lower water potential. Therefore, water from the roots, which is in higher concentration/has higher water potential, moves towards the outermost part of the tree.

why does water leave a slug's tissues and move to the surround environment when salt is put on the slug?

When salt is added to the surround environment (surface on slug's skin), the water solute potential decreased which decreased the water potential (because pressure potential stayed the same). Because water moves from high water potential to low water potential, the water moved out of the slugs tissues and into the surround environment.

hypotonic solution -

less solute concentration (higher implied water concentration)

hypo -

less/below

hypertonic solution -

more solute concentration (lower implied water concentration)

hyper -

more/above

passive transport no --- required - natural movement with concentration --- (high->low)

no ENERGY required - natural movement with concentration GRADIENT (high->low)

water potential definition

potential energy of water per unit area compared to pure water

pressure potential is a factor of...

pressure within a cell

what is the unit for water potential

psi

active transport

requires energy (ATP) - molecules moving against concentration gradient (they move low to high concentration) - typically always requires a protein

hemolysis

rupture of blood cells in a hypotonic solution

why is pressure potential often a positive number?

the water is more pressured out of the cell than in.

water is moving into a cell which means the solution surrounding the cell is --- and the cell is ---

water is moving into a cell which means the solution surrounding the cell is HYPOTONIC (low solute/high water) and the cell is HYPERTONIC

water is moving out of a cell which means the solution surrounding the cell is --- and the cell is ---

water is moving out of a cell which means the solution surrounding the cell is HYPERTONIC (high solute/low water) and the cell is HYPOTONIC

when molecules move from a low to high concentration (against their --- ---), energy is needed to use active transport, in the cell, this energy is called ---

when molecules move from a low to high concentration (against their CONCENTRATION GRADIENT), energy is needed to use active transport, in the cell, this energy is called ATP

solute potential EQN

where temperature is in Kelvin

what does water potential allow us to figure out

where the water is going to flow

solute potential --- as more solute is added to the solution

DECREASES

If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution and bursts, what is the tonicity of the solution relative to the interior of the cell?

Hypotonic - The salt concentration in the solution is lower than it is in the cell, so water enters the cell, causing it to burst.

when diffusion of water molecules takes place across a membrane, the process is called ---

OSMOSIS

To prevent crenation or hemolysis, a cell must be placed in an isotonic solution such as 0.9% (m/v) NaCl or 5.0% (m/v) glucose. This does not mean that a cell has a 5.0% (m/v) glucose concentration; it just means that 5.0% (m/v) glucose will exert the same osmotic pressure as the solution inside the cell, which contains several different solutes. A red blood cell is placed into each of the following solutions. Indicate whether crenation, hemolysis, or neither will occur. Solution A: 3.21% (m/v) NaCl Solution B: 1.65% (m/v) glucose Solution C: distilled H2O Solution D: 6.97% (m/v) glucose Solution E: 5.0% (m/v) glucose and 0.9%(m/v) NaCl crenation: --- hemolysis: --- neither: ---

crenation: A, D, E hemolysis: B, C neither:

3 types passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

isotonic solution -

equal solute concentration to water concentration

iso -

equal/same

which direction does water move?

from an area with a higher water potential to an area with a lower water potential

tonicity -

hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic