Osteoporosis

Health education for a woman over age 50 includes providing information about the importance of adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. Select the daily dosage of calcium and vitamin D that the nurse should recommend. 1,800 mg; 1,600 IU 1,600 mg; 1,400 IU 1,400 mg; 1,200 IU 1,200 mg; 1,000 IU

1,200 mg; 1,000 IU The daily recommended dosage is 1,200 mg of calcium and 1,000 IU of vitamin D.

What food can the nurse suggest to the client at risk for osteoporosis? Carrots Broccoli Chicken Bananas

Broccoli Calcium is important for the prevention of osteoporosis. Broccoli is high in calcium.

A client with osteoporosis is prescribed a selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM) as treatment. The nurse would identify which drug as belonging to this class? Alendronate (Fosamax) Calcium gluconate Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) Raloxifene (Evista)

Raloxifene (Evista) An example of a selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM) is raloxifene (Evista). Alendronate is a bisphosphonate; calcium gluconate is an oral calcium preparation; tamoxifen is an antiestrogen agent.

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for an elderly client with osteoporosis. Which instruction about a calcium supplement should the nurse include? Take weekly on the same day and at the same time. Remain in an upright position 30 minutes after taking the supplement. Take the supplement on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. Take the supplement with meals or with orange juice.

Take the supplement with meals or with orange juice. Calcium supplements should be taken with meals or with a beverage high in vitamin C for increased absorption. Calcium supplements are taken daily, not weekly. There are no special instructions about staying upright when taking calcium supplements.

During a routine physical examination on an older female client, a nurse notes that the client is 5 feet, 3/8 inches (1.6 m) tall. The client states, "How is that possible? I was always 5 feet and 1/2? (1.7 m) tall." Which statement is the best response by the nurse? "After age 40, height may show a gradual decrease as a result of spinal compression" "After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height." "There may be some slight discrepancy between the measuring tools used." "The posture begins to stoop after middle age."

"After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height." The nurse should tell the client that after menopause, the loss of estrogen leads to a loss in bone density, resulting in a loss of height. This client's history doesn't indicate spinal compression. Telling the client that measuring tools used to obtain the client's height may have a discrepancy or that the posture begins to stoop after middle age doesn't address the client's question.

A nurse is caring for an elderly female client with osteoporosis. When teaching the client, the nurse should include information about which major complication? Bone fracture Loss of estrogen Negative calcium balance Dowager's hump

Bone fracture Bone fracture is a major complication of osteoporosis; it results when loss of calcium and phosphate increases the fragility of bones. Estrogen deficiencies result from menopause — not osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D supplements may be used to support normal bone metabolism, but a negative calcium balance isn't a complication of osteoporosis. Dowager's hump results from bone fractures. It develops when repeated vertebral fractures increase spinal curvature.

A client with osteoporosis is prescribed a selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM) as treatment. The nurse would identify which drug as belonging to this class? Alendronate Calcium gluconate Tamoxifen Raloxifene

Raloxifene An example of a selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM) is raloxifene (Evista). Alendronate is a bisphosphonate; calcium gluconate is an oral calcium preparation; tamoxifen is an antiestrogen agent.

A client with a musculoskeletal injury is instructed to alter the diet. The objective of altering the diet is to facilitate the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Considering the food intake objective, which food item should the nurse encourage the client to include in the diet? Red meat Bananas Vitamin D-fortified milk Green vegetables

Vitamin D-fortified milk The nurse should advise the client to include dietary sources of vitamin D, such as fatty fish, vitamin D-fortified milk, and cereals. These foods protect against bone loss and decrease the risk of fracture by facilitating the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Red meat, bananas, and green vegetables do not facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplements.

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing BMD? Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Raloxifene (Evista) Teriparatide (Forteo) Vitamin D

Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Calcitonin directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increased BMD. Raloxifene reduces the risk of osteoporosis by preserving BMD without estrogenic effects on the uterus. Teriparatide has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoporosis.

The nurse is asked to explain to the client the age-related processes that contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis. What is the nurse's best response? Decrease in estrogen Increase in calcitonin Decrease in parathyroid hormone Increase of vitamin D

Decrease in estrogen Age related processes that contribute to loss of bone mass and osteoporosis are decreases in estrogen, calcitonin, and vitamin D and an increase in parathyroid hormone.

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass density (BMD)? Calcitonin Raloxifene Teriparatide Vitamin D

Calcitonin Calcitonin directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increased BMD. Raloxifene reduces the risk of osteoporosis by preserving BMD without estrogenic effects on the uterus. Teriparatide has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoporosis. Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium.

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing BMD? Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Raloxifene (Evista) Teriparatide (Forteo) Vitamin D

Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Calcitonin directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increased BMD. Raloxifene reduces the risk of osteoporosis by preserving BMD without estrogenic effects on the uterus. Teriparatide has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoporosis.

A female client is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Which action will reduce the client's risk? Living a sedentary lifestyle to reduce the incidence of injury Stopping estrogen therapy Taking a 300-mg calcium supplement to meet dietary guidelines Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines

Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines Performing weight-bearing exercise increases bone health. A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. Estrogen is needed to promote calcium absorption. The recommended daily intake of calcium is 1,000 mg, not 300 mg.

A nurse is teaching a client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct? Obtaining an X-ray of the bones every 3 years is recommended to detect bone loss. To prevent fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise. The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. Obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires taking a calcium supplement.

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. Premenopausal women require 1,000 mg of calcium per day. Postmenopausal women require 1,500 mg per day. Clients usually can get the recommended daily requirement of calcium by eating a varied diet. Osteoporosis doesn't show up on ordinary X-rays until 30% of bone has been lost. Bone densitometry, however, can detect bone loss of 3% or less. This test is sometimes recommended routinely for women older than 35 who are at risk for osteoporosis. Strenuous exercise won't cause fractures. Although supplements are available, they aren't always necessary.

A nurse is planning discharge teaching regarding exercise for a client at risk for osteoporosis. Which exercise would the nurse be most likely to suggest? Yoga Walking Bicycling Swimming

Walking Weight-bearing exercises should be incorporated into the client's lifestyle activities. Walking is a low-impact method of weight-bearing exercise and would be the most universal or most likely form of exercise for the nurse to recommend. Bicycling, and swimming are not weight-bearing exercise and will not increase bone density. Yoga may or may not be weight-bearing exercise depending on the yoga poses being performed; it is not as likely as walking to be recommended by the nurse.

A client with a musculoskeletal injury is instructed to increase dietary calcium. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate? "You need to increase the amount of red meat in your diet." "You need to increase the amount of non-citrus fruits in your diet." "You need to increase the amount of vitamin D in your diet." "You need to increase the amount of phosphorus in your diet."

"You need to increase the amount of vitamin D in your diet." Vitamin D is needed for the absorption of calcium. Although fruits containing vitamin C assist in the absorption of calcium, non-citrus fruits are of little benefit for calcium absorption. Increasing phosphorus in the diet can cause calcium to be lost from the bone, decreasing bone density. Red meat does not facilitate calcium absorption.

A nurse is planning discharge teaching regarding exercise for a client at risk for osteoporosis. Which exercise would the nurse be most likely to suggest? Yoga Walking Bicycling Swimming

Walking Weight-bearing exercises should be incorporated into the client's lifestyle activities. Walking is a low-impact method of weight-bearing exercise and would be the most universal or most likely form of exercise for the nurse to recommend. Bicycling, and swimming are not weight-bearing exercise and will not increase bone density. Yoga may or may not be weight-bearing exercise depending on the yoga poses being performed; it is not as likely as walking to be recommended by the nurse.

Which is not a risk factor for osteoporosis? being male small-framed, thin White or Asian women being postmenopausal family history

being male Being male is not considered a risk factor. Some of the risk factors for osteoporosis are being a small-framed, thin White or Asian woman; being postmenopausal; family history; inactivity; chronic low calcium intake; and excessive caffeine or tobacco use.