OTA 111 FINAL

The skin is ____________to the muscles.

superficial distal superior inferior

When does passive insufficiency occur?

A multi-joint muscle remains in a passive state despite facilitation for it to move. When there is an insufficient movement of a muscle by low activity level or hypotonia of a muscle When an antagonist muscle is too short to have enough passive stretch to allow for full movement of the joint When a muscle moving a joint has insufficient active excursion to move the joint through full ROM

A posterior pelvic tilt causes the knees to:

Lock Hyperextend Flex No affect on the knees

An anterior convex curve of the lower back is called

Lordosis Subluxation Scoliosis Kyphosis

What is the most basic and constant of all forces?

Muscles Reflexes Gravity Levers

What is the most common type of lever in the human body?

No type is more common Second class Third class First class

Which structure of the respiratory tract provides the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Nose/Nasal Cavity Pharynx Bronchyeal Tree Larynx

What type of lever is commonly used in tools because it provides a mechanical advantage to the force of effort by allowing it to operate on a longer moment arm?

Not an example of any type of lever Third class First class Second class

Which is true of linear motion?

Objects change their orientation through the course of motion. Any two points in the segment of a line move at the same speed. It follows a straight line along a circular path. Objects moving have a natural tendency to stop.

The curve of the spine that is always pathological is:

Scoliosis Anterior convex Curves are always normal Anterior concave

Some people appear to be bent over with a "hump" in the thoracic region of their spine. This condition is called:

Scoliosis Kyphosis Vertical misalignment Lordosis

A person attempts to open a jar with his/her wrist held in flexion but is unable to close their fingers tight enough to get a good grip on the jar. What is a possible explanation for this?

Second class leverage Rotary forces Law of action-reaction Active insufficiency

Forward head posture and pulling of the thoracic spine into flexion, limiting the expansion of the ribs and thereby reducing the volume of air taken into the lungs is common in what scenario

Serving a tennis ball "TV shoulders" while watching TV Walking

The most critical element in stabilization in wheelchair positioning is

Stabilization of the neck Appropriate placement of the seat belt Stabilization of the pelvis Appropriate leg rests

What position can a toddler use to promote stability when first learning to ambulate?

Stand upright and lean slightly to one side Stand upright and use a wide base of support Bend the knees and keep the legs close to midline Bend the knees and use a wide base of support

Of the following, which is NOT a purpose of the spinal curves is:

To provide structural support, stability and strength for the vertebral column To provide balance, movement and shock absorption To provide an upright posture For sensation

Which of the following is one of the reasons the head must have a wide range of motion?

To stabilize the vestibular system For balance against gravity To position sensory organs For safety in swimming

A combination of rotary movements at different joints allow us to move in a linear path.

True

A goniometer is an instrument used to measure range of movement around a joint.

True

A goniometer is used to measure ROM around a joint. It has 3 parts, an axis, a stable arm and a moveable arm.

True

Biomechanics can be applied to occupational therapy as a frame of reference by allowing a means for the OT practitioner to prescribe and/or design adaptive equipment to restore function.

True

Chronic diseases such as COPD or Asthma can be further impacted by poor upright posture.

True

The Lymphatic System works with the Cardiovascular System to rid the body of waste.

True

The center of gravity of a non-uniform object is closer to the end with the greatest mass.

True

The transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Therefore, movement in this plane is rotational.

True

When measuring ROM for the trunk or neck, it is best to observe the movement before using your goniometer to get an idea of the client's active range of motion.

True

Which is the best example of the law of acceleration?

Velocity of an object has nothing to do with size. The size of an object is the same as it's mass. Objects that have more mass require more force to move. Objects in equilibrium will move faster.

The muscle that is the prime mover of a specific movement is the

agonist antagonist strongest synergist

What movement occurs at the elbow when bringing a fork to your mouth during eating?

extension flexion external rotation internal rotation

Tachycardia is an abnormally_________heart beat.

high low

A muscle that feels soft, mushy and gives no resistance to being stretched is considered:

hypertonic hypotonic normal antitonic

When an agonist muscle causes a concentric contraction to move a muscle through full range, what must the antagonist muscle do?

lengthen or relax contract eccentrically shorten contract isometrically

Coordinated sequences of muscle contraction that produces movement is controlled by:

motor neurons within the central nervous system the smooth muscle system effective function of the sympathetic nervous system the strength of the skeletal muscle involved

Kinesiology is BEST described as the study of

muscles and nerves movement and the structures involved mechanistic philosophy to separate mind from body types of muscle contractions

When a person is faced with an environmental crisis, their body responds with a fight-or-flight reaction in which there is an increased heart rate and blood supply to the skeletal muscles. This reaction is controlled by:

parasympathetic nervous system brain stem cranial nerves sympathetic nervous system

The Frontal Plane divides the body into front and back portions. Movement in this plane would include:

shoulder abduction Knee extension shoulder flexion Trunk rotation

Which two ball and socket joints produce the same type of movement?

shoulder and hip thumb and wrist fingers and thumb ankle and shoulder

The shoulder girdle articulation that is not a true anatomical joint is:

ternoclavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Correct! Scapulothoracic joint Acromioclavicular joint

There are several different types of articulations found in the body. An example of an amphiarthrodial joint is:

the ankles and wrists the thumb and fingers the knees and elbows the joints between the ribs and the sternum

What is an example of an open kinematic chain movement using the upper extremities?

using free weights for bicep curls wheelchair push ups pushing a front wheel walker using an overhead pulley for bed mobility

An individual's center of gravity can never be outside of his/her body.

False

The respiratory system works in combination with the digestive system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the organs and muscles.

False

Which of the following is NOT a trunk (torso) movement?

Flexion Rotation Extension Abduction

Which of the following statements is true regarding gravity?

It contributes to motor development in the infant. It has virtually no effect on balance. It contributes significantly to spasticity. It is an inconsistent and ever-changing force.

What is an example of compression force at the shoulder?

Tossing a Frisbee hanging from a monkey bar Weight bearing on the arm

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of

brain and spinal cord brain and cranial nerves brain, spinal cord, and various nerve bundles called plexus brain only

Which of the following set of vertebra are unique in that each one has an articulating surface directed laterally to receive ribs?

Cervical Correct! Thoracic Lumbar Sacral

Where would we expect the center of gravity of our leg to be?

Exactly at the hip Half way between the knee and the ankle Exactly at the knee At some point between the hip and knee

What is an example of a kinematic chain?

toes, fingers, nose elbow, wrist, knee hip, knee, ankle ankle, knee, shoulder

A COTA is working with a patient who is able to mover her shoulder through full range of flexion against gravity. When the COTA attempts to give resistance to shoulder flexion, the patient is unable to maintain this position. The muscle grade for this description is:

trace poor fair good

When I tilt my head to the side to put my ear near my shoulder, the movement of my neck is:

Abduction Rotation Lateral flexion Adduction

The force of gravity pulls our arms down to our sides. Our arms weigh more proximally (at the shoulder) than distally (at the hand). Therefore when we move someone's flaccid arm into shoulder flexion, where should we support the weight of the arm?

At the shoulder. Slightly above the wrist. Hand and fingers. Just above the elbow.

Which type of breathing requires more energy because of recruitment of other structures (rib cage)?

Diaphragmatic breathing Chest breathing

Which of the following best describes the law of action-reaction?

If you don't spend adequate study time in kinesiology, the reaction will be a poor score on the quiz. If a force acts on a ball and the ball remains stationary, then an equal force is also acting on the ball in the opposite direction. If you pull a rubber band to it's maximum length (m) and let it go, it will naturally return to it's original shape (o). If resistance and force are applied to an object and the object does not recognize the force and resistance, then it cannot react.

Mr. Brown is a client seen for OT in his home environment due to complications of HTN and Diabetes. When performing ADLS, Mr. Brown holds his breath to put his shoes on (valsalva maneuver). Why is this significant?

It makes it easier to put on your shoes it can increase his blood presItsure, especially when doing the valsalva maneuver Holding his breath increases his attention to the task There is no significant difference

A COTA wants to use a splint to hold a clients' wrist in extension. S/he attempts to use a splint that pushes the fingers into extension to obtain the desired wrist extension. This is ineffective because it causes hyperextension of the fingers since they weigh less than the wrist. This is consistent with which of Newton's Laws?

Law of gravity Law of inertia Law of acceleration Law of action-reaction

What is true based on the characteristics of rotary motion?

Objects change their orientation through the course of motion. A 360 degree circle is always completed in the motion. Any two points in the segment of a line move at the same speed. The segment of a line closest to the pivot moves the fastest.

Which is true according to the law of inertia?

Objects stop because of an outside force. The more inert the person, the larger the personal mass. Man has a tendency not to move. An inert object will never move without wheels.

Which structure of the respiratory tract guides food and air to the lungs?

Oral Cavity Correct! Pharynx Trachea Nose/Nasal Cavity

The system that carries information to and from the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the:

Peripheral Nervous System smooth muscle system spinal cord system skeletal muscle system

The structure of the respiratory system that is also known as the windpipe is:

Pharynx Larynx Trachea Oral Cavity

In the video A Day in the Life of COPD, Jan K. often had difficulty breathing following activities of daily living such as getting dressed. When she has difficulty, which Phase of Inspiration is she using to catch her breath?

Phase 1, relaxed inspiration Phase 2, deep inspiration Phase 3, forced inspiration

When using a reacher to obtain something from a top shelf, where is the center of gravity?

Proximal to the location if there were no reacher Distal to the location if there were no reacher A new location at the tip end of the reacher The same location as if there were no reacher

There are 4 main functions of they Lymphatic System: They are collection of lymph fluid, filtration of lymph fluid, detection and protection from infection and___________________.

Return the lymph fluid to the bloodstream return lymph fluid to the urinary tract system digestion of lymph fluid removal of lymph fluid from the body

A person riding a bicycle runs into a two-foot-high brick wall with the front of the bike. Based on the law of inertia, what would we expect the person to do?

Sustain only minor injuries Continue moving forward over the wall Fall to the left or right of the bicycle Be propelled backward

Posture and respiration are domains that the OT practitioner can address in treatment because these are considered client factors in the OTPF.

TRUE

What is an example of an open chain kinematic movement of the lower extremity?

deep knee bends high kicks push ups

The part of the brain that controls our conscious thought is

cerebellum brain stem cerebrum basal ganglia

A friend hands me a 70-pound weight that I am able to hold although it is very heavy for me. What type of contraction am I using to hold the weight:

concentric eccentric isometric bimetrc

I pick up a small 5-pound weight that I can easily manage. I pick it up, hold it, and then put it down. In this instance, what type of contraction am I using to lower the weight?

concentric eccentric isometric bimetric

When different muscle groups contract simultaneously to stabilize a joint it is called:

isometric contraction synergistic contraction co-contraction or co-activation antagonistic contraction

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that branch out from the brain and brain stem. The main job of these nerves is to innervate:

the head and torso the head and neck the neck and torso

An injury to the Central Nervous System (CNS) is critical because

the system is slow to recover this type of injury also includes broken bones this always results in a very diffuse injury this system's cells do not regenerate once they have died