OTD 550 Exam Questions

The International Classification of Functioning views human functioning at which three levels?

Body function and structure, person, society The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) views humans functioning at three levels: the body (structure and function), the person (activities), and society (participation).

Which intrinsic factors may influence a child's participation?

Communication skills, adaptive behaviors, motor function, personality

Which practice model is most useful for generalizing performance and transfer to natural environments?

Contextual interventions (Contextual interventions are those that occur in the natural environment and support caregiver problem solving. These types of interventions help children generalize performance.)

Which question to a parent may help a therapist better understand the cultural values and styles that influence a child's development of occupations?

Do you believe that the disability can improve?

Mary attempts to grasp a rattle placed in front of her but she is inefficient. She drops the rattle on the floor. She tries to reach out for the rattle and sometimes makes contact with the rattle. She is able to reach to midline. What stage of motor learning for reach and grasp does this describe?

Exploratory Exploratory (1-3 months) reach is defined as: swipes at objects; reach is inaccurate; infant cannot combine reach and grasp.

The occupational therapist working with a 3-year-old boy moves the ball just a little bit closer so the child can reach it and hit the target. The therapist is careful not to move the ball too close. Which concept does this represent?

Grading and adapting activity to meet the just-right challenge Grading and adapting refers to changing the difficulty, pace, or aspects of the activity. In this case, the therapist wants the child to reach for the object (just-right challenge).

Marge, a 14-year-old girl followed in OT, is argumentative and disinterested in school, peer groups, or previous hobbies. She gets to therapy late and frequently states "I don't care." The therapist notes that this behavior is new this year. At what stage of identify formation might Marge be functioning?

Identity diffusion

John is a 6-year-old boy with cerebral palsy whose family loves baseball. The occupational therapist seeks community resources and provides activity modifications so that John may engage in recreational baseball with his friends. Which type of services are represented?

Inclusive and integrated services

Why should an occupational therapist take time to get to know the things a family does together, their weekly routine, and an explanation of family membership?

Involvement in family is central to best practice.

Which founder of occupational therapy proposed that humans maintain rhythms of work, play, rest, and sleep that need to be balanced and that this occurs through actual doing and practice?

Meyers (Meyers is a founder of occupational therapy who posited that humans maintain rhythms of work, play, rest and sleep that need to be balanced and that "the only way to attain balance in all this is actual doing, actual practice.")

Drew is a teen who has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. She does not like to wear her splints to school unless she is allowed to decorate them. She is involved in the yearbook club and posts pictures of her peers. She spends more time at school or with her friends than at home. Her mother is concerned regarding Drew's dress and argumentative nature (with parents). At what stage of adolescents does this describe?

Middle adolescence

Which principle does not follow neuromaturational theory?

Movement emerges from an interaction and cooperation from many systems.

Unstructured time and engagement in passive activities are problematic for all adolescents; however, adolescents with disabilities participate in more passive activities than their nondisabled peers. Occupational therapy practitioners would discourage passive activities because:

Passive activities are boring and are more likely to lead to poor health outcomes.

Which stage of motor learning is illustrated as the toddler attempts to place a shape into a container multiple times using an effective reach and grasp pattern often, but making errors?

Perceptual learning

Morgan is a 15-year-old freshman in high school with a documented learning disability (reading and writing) who is followed by occupational therapy at school. She is quiet and shy. She does not join groups at school and has difficulty expressing herself. She does not try new things for fear of failure and she is recently skipping school. Which statement best describes the role of the occupational therapy?

Promote identity formation and help her develop interests through participation in age-related activities.

How should therapists communicate with parents and family?

Share information with everyone who comes in contact with the child (family or not).

In adolescence, teens' social participation with peers and others outside the family is important because:

Social interactions with peers and others shape social identity and provide emotional and social support.

Which statement most closely reflects how using evidence-based practice (EBP) benefits occupational therapy practice with children and adolescents?

The likelihood of positive outcomes is higher when therapists consider EBP guidelines to design intervention.

Which statement most closely resembles the coaching model as used in occupational therapy practice?

The therapist supports parents' reflections about child's behaviors and guides them in identifying solutions.

Which statement best reflects how occupational therapists work with children with disabilities and their families?

Therapy is based upon the child and family system; the therapist helps the child engage in the family occupations.

Which type of parenting style is associated with children who rank higher on many measures of social and cognitive development?

Warm, responsive, positive

What statement best reflects the role of the occupational profile when conducting a comprehensive evaluation?

Analysis of the underlying reasons for limitations in performance and behavior The occupational profile obtains information about the child's developmental and functional strengths and limitations. It is obtained through interview with parents, teachers, and other caregivers (and child if possible). (Table 1-3)

Which approach is best when developing a home program regarding self-care?

At the request of the parent, practice the new steps until the child is ready to carryover at home.

Troy is 3 years old and is now toilet trained. He feeds himself, and is beginning to dress himself. He freely plays in a variety of positions and enjoys certain toys. According to Erikson, which stage of development does this describe?

Autonomy vs. Shame Autonomy vs. Shame (2-4 years) is the stage in which the child develops autonomy and will, attempts new challenges, and becomes more self-sufficient.

2-year-old Mary is able to climb up the slide with her mother's support but otherwise she only climbs two rungs. According to Vygotsky, what is this called?

Zone of proximal development