Part 3: The Baroque Era
Because of its size, power, and timbral variety, the organ is sometimes called the __________.
"King of Instruments"
The violin has __________ strings.
4
Which of the following is a Baroque composer who wrote in the concerto genre?
Arcangelo Corelli
In Baroque art and music, artists tried to express a single emotion, otherwise known as a(n) __________.
affect
The more lyrical numbers in opera that convey deeper feeling are called __________.
arias
Leopold Stokowski __________.
arranged much historical music for modern orchestra
Which genre of music did Bach compose for the weekly Lutheran service?
cantata
Which is the best way to describe the recitative style of "He That Dwelleth in Heaven"?
declamatory
During the Baroque Era, all concertos were built around the __________.
ritornello principle
A fugue subject __________.
should be instantly recognizable
Which timbres are heard in the solo sections for the finale of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 2?
trumpet and recorder
The largest pipes of an organ can be up to ______ feet high to produce the lowest notes.
16
Bach had __________ children, but only half survived into adulthood.
20
By the end of her life, Barbara Strozzi had published ________ volumes of music, more than all but a few of her male contemporaries.
8
Which of the following compositions is based around a chorale melody?
Cantata 80: "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"
Baroque composers wrote music for services of different faiths, including __________.
Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican
Which of the following is true of Henry Purcell?
He eventually gained the reputation as the greatest of all seventeenth-century English composers.
Which of the following is true of the composer Antonio Vivaldi?
His music was widely published and admired throughout Europe during his lifetime.
Which of the following is a drawback of performing foreign-language operas in English?
It is difficult to create translations that retain the sense of the original language and mesh well with the music.
How did the addition of valves affect trumpet playing?
It made it easier to produce a wider range of notes on the trumpet.
Mbuti Pygmies live in the __________.
Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Which of these was an important seventeenth-century composer of French opera?
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Which of the following are sons of J. S. Bach who went on to be composers?
Johann Christian Bach and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
In which of the following cities was Bach employed?
Leipzig
Which is true of the women who published music on the Italian peninsula between 1566 and 1700?
More than half were nuns.
How was music of the Baroque Era like jazz today?
Musicians were expected to embellish a basic tune in a spontaneous manner.
Vivaldi was known as the __________.
Red Priest
Claudio Monteverdi's career bridged the ______ and Baroque Era.
Renaissance
In "Revenge," how does Strozzi differentiate the A section from the B section?
She changes the melody and meter in the B section.
Monteverdi spent the last three decades of his life working at __________.
St. Mark's Basilica in Venice
How many soloists are in a Baroque concerto?
There is no fixed number.
Antonio Vivaldi spent many years as director of music at __________.
a Venetian orphanage for girls
The Mbuti Pygmy "Marriage Celebration Song" uses __________.
a call-and-response texture and hocket
From where did Awake, a Voice Calls to Us derive its name and primary melody?
a chorale tune
What musical characteristic does Purcell use to convey Dido's sorrow?
a descending ground bass
The opening entry of all the voices on the main subject of a fugue is known as __________.
a fugal exposition because it exposes the main idea of the work
The seventh movement of Cantata 140 features __________.
a sense of musical unity, with the orchestra doubling the chorus
Which is a word-painting technique that Handel uses to represent the text in the aria "Thou Shalt Break Them?"
a shaking figure
Opera was the result of __________.
a small group of philosophers, musicians, and poets who met in Florence to consider reviving the ancient Greek synthesis of music and drama
J. S. Bach wrote __________.
about 150 cantatas within his first three years in Leipzig, at the rate of roughly one per week
The ritornello principle is based upon __________.
alternating sections for soloists with sections for the full orchestra
The ritornello sections in the finale of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 __________.
appear in various key areas throughout
In Baroque opera, the group of instruments that always accompanies a singer is called the __________.
basso continuo
The term "concerto grosso" means __________.
big concerto with multiple soloists
Monteverdi was a master of __________.
both old and new textures of composition
How does Bach make the short text of "Thou Shalt Break Them" into an extended aria?
by repeating words several times and writing long melismas on key words
The first and final movements of Bach's Cantata 140 are unified by using a common _________.
chorale melody
G. F. Handel __________.
composed both opera and oratorio
A French overture __________.
consists of a slow introduction followed by an imitative fast section
Dido and Aeneas may have been suppressed for political reasons because it __________.
could have been perceived as an unflattering commentary on the dual reign of King William and Queen Mary
Upon publishing her first work in 1644, Barbara Strozzi anticipated __________.
criticism because of her gender
Handel wrote Italian operas that used ________ aria, whose form means "from the top."
da capo
Similar to the political and social organization of their society, the musical parts in Mbuti Pygmy songs are __________.
distributed equally
Handel's Messiah differs from most of the oratorios because it __________.
does not really have characters or a plot, and also contains New Testament material
The Mbuti Pygmies' use of ostinato can be compared to that of American __________.
doo wop
What musical device does Bach use at the beginning of Cantata 140 to suggest a procession?
dotted rhythms similar to a French overture
Opera is best described as a __________.
drama sung from beginning to end
In a fugue, the passages where the main subject (the main theme) is absent are called _________.
episodes
After the exposition, Bach's Fugue in G Minor alternates between __________.
episodes and middle entries
The ritornello sections in the finale of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 can be recognized by their __________.
focus on the full orchestra
The finale of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 uses which organizing principles?
fugue and ritornello
What was the topic of satire and jest surrounding Barbara Strozzi?
her chastity
A form of polyphony using two or more interlocking voices is called __________.
hocket
What is the musical texture during Orpheus's recitative in "Tu se´ morta"?
homophonic
A concerto is a(n) __________.
instrumental work for a soloist and a larger ensemble
The term "program music" refers to a(n) __________.
instrumental work that is in some way associated with a story, event, or idea
The A section in Barbara Strozzi's "Revenge" __________.
is a refrain, bringing back a repeated text
The oratorio __________.
is musically very similar to an opera, but is unstaged and based on a sacred topic
The tutti __________.
is the section where the orchestra is highlighted
The "Hallelujah" chorus features which textures?
monophony, homophony, and polyphony
The Mbuti Pygmies are __________.
nomads, camping for a few weeks at a time in different locations
Purcell moves the plot of Dido and Aeneas forward through a series of brief, self-contained units known as __________.
numbers
In which genres did Monteverdi primarily compose?
opera and madrigal
Which musical genres was Bach known to compose?
orchestral works and cantatas
The Mbuti Pygmy "Marriage Celebration Song" uses a call-and-response unit that repeats over and over to create a(n) __________.
ostinato
What is a name for a brief pattern in the bass line that is repeated throughout the entire number?
ostinato
What is the musical texture during the chorus section of "Tu se´ Morta"?
polyphonic
The castrati __________.
possessed both the high range of a woman's voice and the physical power of a man's voice
The earliest operas were performed in __________.
private theaters at the courts of the nobility and royalty
Beethoven's Wellington's Victory and Berlioz's Symphony fantastique are both examples of __________.
program music
What musical characteristic does Purcell use to mimic the act of "shaking" in Dido and Aeneas?
rapid uneven (dotted) rhythms
A type of opera singing that lies somewhere between singing and speaking is called __________.
recitative
In Dido and Aeneas, Belinda and Dido converse in a vocal style that is partway between speech and singing, which is called __________.
recitative
"Fugue" comes from the same root word as "fugitive" and __________.
refers to the tendency of voices to "chase" one another as it develops
In opera, the new homophonic texture __________.
restored a greater sense of balance between text and music
Which formal device is used by Bach in the first movement of Cantata 140?
ritornello principle
A genre of chamber music cultivated with special intensity by Baroque composers was the __________.
sonata
During the Baroque Era, churches __________.
spent large sums of money on lavish decorations and powerful organs
How have modern opera houses begun to address the challenges of various languages used in opera?
super-titles during performances
The chorale melody of "Awake, a Voice Calls to Us" appears in which sections of the finale of Bach's Cantata 140?
the chorale sections
Audiences could be quite noisy before the beginning of the opera, due in part to __________.
the fact that the music was new and not a cherished and respected masterwork
The difference between Bach's original Fugue in G Minor and Leopold Stokowski's arrangement of the same piece for orchestra is one of __________.
timbre
Trio-sonata texture features __________.
two high instruments and one basso continuo
Chorales were __________.
used in Lutheran churches so everyone could participate
There are more ________ in an orchestra than any other instrument.
violins
Which instruments in Strozzi's "Revenge" punctuate the end of the refrain by echoing the soprano line?
violins
During the Baroque Era, there were __________.
virtually no professional prospects for women composers
When performers began rediscovering Bach's music in the nineteenth century, they __________.
were baffled by how to perform some of it, including the very difficult trumpet part of the Brandenburg Concerto no. 2
Giovanni Gabrieli __________.
worked as a composer in Venice in the decades before Monteverdi's arrival
Chamber music was __________.
written for an intimate setting such as a small room
