PATH0 370 36, 37, 38, 40, 41

An early indicator of colon cancer isa) A change in bowel habits b) Bleeding in the stool c) Pain in the lower left quadrant d) Blood in the urine

a change in bowel habits

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B. A. recovered from B. immunity to C. chronic active D. acute

acute

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. high cholesterol. b. alcoholism. c. stones. d. trauma.

alcoholism

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of a) Appendicitis b) Gastritis c) Cholecystitis d) Peritonitis

appendicitis

Chronic cholecystitis can lead to (Select all that apply.) a) Biliary sepsis b) Colon cancer c) Blood in the urine d) Calcified gallbladder e) Porcelain gallbladder

biliary sepsis calcified gallbladder porcelain gallbladder

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. blood or semen. b. feces. c. contaminated food. d. hepatitis vaccine.

blood or semen

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with a. bloody diarrhea. b. fistula formation between loops of bowel. c. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel. d. malabsorption of nutrients.

bloody diarrhea

The therapies that would be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus include (select all that apply) a. carbohydrate counting b. high protein diet c. daily exercise d. insulin e. oral hypoglycemic agents

carbohydrate counting daily exercise insulin

Most gallstones are composed of a. calcium. b. bile. c. uric acid salts. d. cholesterol

cholesterol

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from a. decreased myoinositol transport b. elevated HbA1C c. deficient neuronal insulin receptors d. neuronal demyelination

decreased myoinositol transport

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to a. diabetes mellitus. b. gallstones. c. celiac sprue. d. Crohn disease.

diabetes mellitus

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells. A. fat B. bile C. acetaminophen D. ferritin

fat

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall. a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation

gangrene

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures. a) Appendectomy b) Colonoscopy c) Intestinal biopsy d) Gastric bypass

gastric bypass

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis. b. cardiac angina. c. gastric ulcer. d. dysphagia.

gastric ulcer

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is A. ascites. B. cerebral edema. C. hepatic encephalopathy. D. gastroesophageal varices.

gastroesophageal varices.

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus? a. blood glucose levels b. urine glucose levels c. glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels d. Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? A. Nausea B. Heartburn C. Diarrhea D. Abdominal cramps

heartburn

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with A. an increased indirect serum bilirubin. B. hemolytic reactions. C. Gilbert syndrome. D. hepatitis.

hepatitis

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with a. ulceration of the distal colon and rectum. b. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods. c. megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation. d. deficient production of pancreatic enzymes.

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is a. pancreatic cell destruction b. insulin resistance and b cell dysfunction c. lack of exercise and chronic over eating d. impaired glucose transport into cells

insulin resistance and b cell dysfunction

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones a. is inhibited by iodine deficiency. b. is stimulated by ACTH. c. is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor. d. occurs in perifollicular C cells.

is inhibited by iodine deficiency.

An enlarged thyroid gland produces a colloid goiter when a. lack of iodine prevents formation of thyroid-stimulating hormone without stopping T4 and T3 production. b. lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation. c. excessive iodine suppresses thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4, and T3 formation. d. dietary iodine is insufficient and replaced with iodized salt.

lack of iodine prevents T4 and T3 but without stopping thyroglobulin formation.

Jaundice is a common manifestation of a. malabsorption syndromes. b. anemia. c. liver disease. d. cholecystitis.

liver disease

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate. a. insurance b. mortality c. morbidity d. cure

mortality

A premature infant has abdominal distention, pain, fever, bradycardia, and apnea. Stools are bloody, and white blood cells are elevated. What diagnosis do these symptoms support? a.appendicitis b.necrotizing enterocolitis c. jaundice d. liver disease

necrotizing enterocolitis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with a. nonketotic hyperosmolality b. childhood c. autoimmune destruction of the pancreas d. ketoacidosis

nonketotic hyperosmolality

______ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus a. aging b. obesity c. sedentary lifestyle d. cardiovascular disease

obesity

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is a. pancreatic b cell destruction b. lack of insulin receptors c. lack of exercise and chronic over eating d. impaired glucose transport into cells

pancreatic b cell destruction

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. pancreatitis. b. appendicitis. c. peritonitis. d. gallbladder disease.

pancreatitis

Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply) a. Polyuris b. Polydipsia c. Polyphaga d. Obesity e. Weight gain

polyuris polydipsia polyphaga

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to A. elevated bilirubin. B. diminished protein metabolism. C. fluid accumulation. D. portal hypertension.

portal hypertension

Barrett esophagus is a. gastrin-secreting lesion b. gastrin-secreting tumor c. benign condition d. preneoplastic lesion

preneoplastic lesion

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that a. is associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. b. leads to glycosuria. c. results from inadequate ADH secretion. d. is characterized by oliguria.

results from inadequate ADH secretion.

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults a. results in the condition of acromegaly. b. leads to abnormally tall stature. c. is associated with hypoglycemia. d. is usually asymptomatic.

results in the condition of acromegaly.

Which are the complications of diabetes mellitus that are microvascular? (Select all that apply) a. cardiovascular disease b. retinopathy c. nephropathy d. neuropathy e. stroke

retinopathy nephropathy

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of a. gastroesophageal reflux. b. stomatitis. c. Mallory-Weiss syndrome. d. esophageal varices.

stomatitis

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is a. acetone breath b. warm, dry skin c. tremors d. hyperventilation

tremors

It is true that gallstones are a) More common in women b) More common in men c) At highest risk among Asian d) A minimal risk for Native Americans

More common in women

H. pylori is discovered in the GI tract of a client experiencing an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Which findings support this diagnosis? a. Chronic diarrhea b. Paralytic ileus c. Chronic antral gastritis d. Pyloric obstruction

Chronic antral gastritis