Patho 2 Exam #2
After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid
Excess ACTH secretion
Cushing Syndrome
What disease does the nurse expect to see with elevated levels of ACTH and cortisol?
Cushing Syndrome
Which disorder is a result of excess cortisol?
Cushing syndrome
panhypopituitarism
hyposecretion of all pituitary hormones
Communicates btwn nervous and endocrine systems, controls secretions from ant. pit., regulates temp.
hypothalamus
Deficiency in TSH will cause
hypothyroidism
symptoms of low energy, cold/dry skin, constipation, low bp and HR
hypothyroidism
Anterior pituitary hormones
(master gland) - ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone - TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone - GH: growth hormone - FSH and LH - prolactin
Dwarfism
- GH made but can't be released because of GHRH - short, obese, immature face
Thyroid Storm
- high T3/T4 - excess perspiration - tachycardia - hypertension - high body temp - restlessness/agitaiton
Acromegaly
- hormones secreted in adulthood - overgrowth of bones/tissues
Giantism
- hormones secreted in childhood - shorter/not as drastic as acromegaly
Myxedema coma
- low T3/T4 - dry skin - bradycardia - hypotension - low body temp
Primary hypothyroidism levels:
- low T3/T4 - high TSH
Hypoparathyroidism
- not enough PTH - low Ca+
Posterior pituitary hormones
- oxytocin: pitocin - ADH: antidiuretic hormone
Urine specific gravity range
1.01-1.025
Na+ range
135-145 mEq/L
K+ range
3.5-5 mEq/L
Ca+ range
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
A client who experienced a traumatic head injury reports extreme thirst. The nurse notes that the client is consuming 10 to 15 L of ice water daily and is experiencing polyuria. Which does the nurse suspect?
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following hormones should the nurse monitor?
Epinephrine
A 25-year-old female client exhibits exophthalmos of both eyes. The health care provider recognizes this as a manifestation of what disease and will plan to draw what lab?
Graves disease and TSH level
A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing?
Increased levels of ACTH
A nurse is reviewing lab results. Which of the following lab results would slow down the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?
Increased serum calcium levels
The client has had mental status changes and cannot remember her grandchildren's names. They go on to say that she has a low body temperature and is lethargic. On physical examination, the nurse notes that the client has a husky voice, her face is puffy around the eyes, and her tongue appears to be enlarged. What diagnosis would the nurse suspect?
Myxedema
A 39-year-old female is recovering from the birth of her third child. Which hormone would help prevent uterine bleeding?
Oxytocin
With Graves disease which of the following symptoms are expected prior to treatment?
Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate
Myxedema will have low levels of
T3/T4
Hypothalamus releases
TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)
TRH stimulates the release of
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from the ant. pit.
A very tall 8-year-old child is brought by a parent to the clinic for a follow-up visit after diagnostic testing reveals a diagnosis of gigantism. What objective assessment data gathered would the nurse recognize correlates with the child's condition?
The child has fusion of the epiphyses of the long bones and increased growth hormone levels/The child has excess levels of growth hormones and the epiphyses of the long bones are not fused.
Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as it relates to endocrine function?
The hypothalamus receives input from numerous sources throughout the body and directs the pituitary to then control many target glands and cells.
A client who has just undergone a thyroidectomy is experiencing high fever, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. The nurse would interpret these manifestations as:
Thyroid crisis/storm
Chief "mineralocorticoid" secreted by adrenal cortex
aldosterone
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted from
ant. pit. (master gland)
What electrolyte imbalance is a major concern for a patient with hypoparathyroidism?
hypocalcemia
communication occurs among several glands to increase or decrease hormone secretion e.x. T3/T4
complex feedback system
Chief "glucocorticoid" secreted by adrenal cortex
cortisol
adrenal cortex hormones
cortisol and aldosterone
adrenal medulla hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
glands respond directly to stimuli to increase or decrease hormone secretion e.x. insulin/glucagon
negative feedback system
Addison's syndrome is best described as:
person has a deficit in circulating corticosteroids (gluco and mineral)
Cushing syndrome is best described as:
person has excess corticosteroids (gluco and mineral)
continuance of hormone release in organs e.x. oxytocin in childbirth
positive feedback system
