PATHO 2 EXAM QUIZZES
Which hypertensive individual is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?
A 51 year old male who has been diagnosed with kidney disease
The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading.
A client just smoking a cigarette
A client has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis & asks the nurse what this means. The most appropriate response would be
The valve opening is narrowed & produces increased resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle & into the aorta
A nurse is performing client health education with a 68 year old man that has been diagnosed with heart failure. Which statement demonstrates an accurate understanding of his new diagnosis?
"I am trying to think of ways that I can cut down the amount fo salt that I usually eat"
Which most important complication of atherosclerosis can result in occlusion of small heart vessels?
Thrombosis
The client in the nursing home wonders why he is having these signs & symptoms of left sided HF. Which explanation will the nurse give to the client?
"The left ventricle is having problems pumping blood forward, and this is causing blood to back up into your lungs"
A client with persistent, primary hypertension remains pathetic about high blood pressure, stating "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell". How could the nurse best respond to this client's statement?
"You may not sense any problems, but hypertension increases your risk of heart disease and stroke"
Arterial or venous peripheral vascular disease: Aneurysm
Arterial
Arterial or venous peripheral vascular disease: Buerger's disease
Arterial
Arterial or venous peripheral vascular disease: Raynaud's disease
Arterial
The nurse is preparing to auscultate for a mitral valve stenosis murmur. Where is the best location to place the stethoscope?
At the apex of the heart
The nursing instructor, when teaching the students about CAD, identifies which of the following as the main cause of CAD?
Atherosclerosis
Select the response that best describes the pressure - sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.
Barorecptors
After birth, red blood cells normally made in which location
Bone marrow
A client's initial blood pressure on admission to the outpatient clinic is 190/120 mm Hg. Which action by the clinic staff is most appropriate at this time?
Calling an ambulance to take the client to the emergency department
A 50 year old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?
HDL
Your client with end - stag renal disease is receiving 2 units of packed red blood cells for anemia. Twenty minutes into the first transfusion, the nurse observes the client has a flushed face, hives, and reporting pain in lower back. His vital signs include pulse rate 110 and BP drops to 95/56. What is the nurse's priority action
Discontinue the transfusion & begin an infusion of normal saline
What vital signs indicate the client being in shock?
Elevated respiratory rate Low blood pressure Elevated heart rate
A client has just been told that he has an infection of the inner surface of the heart. He is also told that the bacteria has invaded his heart valves. What term is used for this disease process?
Endocarditis
A client undergoes a cardiac catheterization to evaluate symptoms of chest pain & shortness of breath. The test shows lesions in the coronary arteries that have begun to reduce the size of the vessel lumen. This type of lesion is known as
Fibrous atheromatous plaque
Cardiac tamponade & pericardial effusion can be life - threatening when the pericardial sac _________ and _______ the heart
Fills rapidly; compresses
A nurse will be providing care for a female patient who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right-sided. Which of the following statements best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client:
Has pitting edema to the ankles & feet bilaterally, decreased activity tolerance & occasional URQ pain
The nurse caring for a post - operative orthopedic patient who is on bed rest recognizes the patient is a risk for the following condition that could lead to cardiac & neurological complications
Hyper coagulability
Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 - 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiological studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk for developing atherosclerosis?
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased cardiac workload with left - sided heart failure can result in which change to the myocardial cells?
Hypertrophy
The nurse caring for a client with sickle cell disease. The most important treatment for the nurse to provide would be
IV hydration & morphine
The client present with a reduction is red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets. The practitioner is unable to determine the cause of the client's condition. Which type of anemia does the client have
Idiopathic aplastic
The pathologic effects of the thalassemias are primarily due to which of the following pathophysiologic processes?
Impaired hemoglobin synthesis
Disease of the arterial system affects body function by impairing blood flow. Which term refers to an area of necrosis in an organ produced by occlusion of its arterial blood supply?
Infarction
A client was recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse anticipated which treatment to be prescribed?
Iron supplementation & dietary teaching
While discussing the heart, the nursing instructor teaches about pericarditis. Which statement does the instructor state best defines this disease
It is inflammatory process
Left or right sided heart failure: crackles heard in lung bases
Left sided
Left or right sided heart failure: pulmonary congestion
Left sided
Several steps characterize the development of atherosclerosis. Which is the correct order in which atheromas develop?
Lipoprotein oxidation, foam cells produce, fibrous plaques develop, a thrombus forms
A small, pale red blood cell would be described as
Microcytic & hypochromic
A client is being crossmatched for a blood transfusion. The lab technologist notes that the client has neither A nor B antigens. Which type of blood should the client receive?
O
A client is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse knows that modifiable risk factors for hypertension include which of these?
Obesity Inactive lifestyle Smoking
A client presents to his physician with a red face, hands, feet & ears, headache & drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes. Based on the lab results, the nurse prepares teaching material for which disease process?
Polycythemia
Left or right sided heart failure: Distended jugular veins
Right sided
Left or right sided heart failure: Enlarged liver & spleen
Right sided
The practitioner carefully monitors his client who exhibits hemoglobin S (HbS) genes. The practitioner knows that the client has what type of anemia
Sickle cell
Aplastic anemia is a serious anemia that is a disorder of the pluripotential bone marrow stem cells & causes all three hematopoietic cell lines to be reduced. What is the treatment for aplastic anemia in the wound & severely affected client?
Stem cell transplant
A 55 year old man presents to the emergency department reporting chest pain for the last 2 hours. He describes that pain as crushing. He also states that the pain goes up into his neck & down his left arm. An MI is diagnosed. When taking his history, the following things were noticed. Which things would be most likely to contribute to the diagnosis on MI?
The client recently stopped taking his medication for hypertension & hyperlipidemia due to lack of funds
The health care provider is reviewing lab results of a client diagnosed with HF. The provider notes that the client's ANP & BNP levels have been increasing & remain significantly elevated. These results would be interpreted as
The condition is getting progressively worse
Arterial or venous peripheral vascular disease: Varicose veins
Venous
Pernicious anemia is thought to be an autoimmune disease that destroys the gastric mucosa. This results in chronic atrophic gastritis & the production of antibodies that interfere with which vitamin's ability to bind to intrinsic factor?
Vitamin B12
A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia & is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educe the client?
Weight reduction if overweight Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels
A female client comes to the clinic with symptoms of fatigue & heavy menses over the past 6 months. Lab test reveal a microcytic hypo chromic anemia. Based on these results, the nurse anticipates teaching the client about which type of anemia?
Iron - deficiency anemia
Which descriptions sums up the basic pathophysiology of heart failure that the nurse would include when educating a client
Low cardiac output due to reduced pumping ability