Patho Chapter 28

Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease.

False

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

d. ACE inhibitors

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

d. polyuria and sodium wasting.

The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n)

a. elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.

The diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should include

a. high carbohydrates and fats. b. low sodium and potassium. d. low phosphorous. e. high calorie.

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include

a. initiation of dialysis

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin.

The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is

b. oliguria.

Renal insufficiency occurs when _____ of the nephrons are not functional.

c. 75% to 90%

Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes

A. fluid administration

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

A. fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in pt with end-stage renal disease because of

A. hyperparathyroidism

Most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

A. insufficient erythropo

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

A. severe hypotension.

GI drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypertension and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

B. acute tubular necrosis

Pt with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because

D. GFR declines

The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

c. insufficient metabolic acid excretion resulting from nephron loss.

A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease is

d. increased serum creatinine.

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is

a. hypertension.

A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by stating

"His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered."

The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention.

True

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

a. a 70-year-old patient with heart failure.

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

a. contrast media

Signs of late chronic renal failure include

a. high-serum potassium levels c. high-serum phosphorous. d. high-blood urea nitrogen. e. anemia.

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

a. ischemic conditions.

When a patient misses two dialysis sessions numerous electrolyte imbalances resulted. The patient will likely demonstrate

a. lethargy because of metabolic acidosis and increased BUN. b. skeletal muscle weakness and possible cardiac dysrhythmias because of hyperkalemia. e. deep rapid breathing because of compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis.

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is

a. serum creatinine.

A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term 'prerenal,' the nurse responds

b. "Your husband's kidney injury did not start in the kidney itself, but rather in the blood flow to the kidney."

Acute tubular necrosis can occur from

b. contrast dyes used for radiologic studies. c. ischemia because of hypovolemia. d. antibiotics that are nephrotoxic.

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

b. tubular

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?

c. Uremia

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

c. bilateral kidney stones

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

c. erythropoietin administration.

In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?

d. Greater than 90% nephron loss

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

d. hyperkalemia.

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

d. regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

d. sepsis.

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

d. they are deficient in active vitamin D.