PATHO: Exam 2: QUIZ 3

Which of the following individuals likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney disease?

A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor his blood sugars or control his diet

A client has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of renal calculi. Which of the following measures should the client integrate into his lifestyle to reduce the risk of recurrence?

Increased fluid intake and dietary changes

Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the client has nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria and generalized edema

A neighbor is complaining to a friend (who happens to be a nurse) about several changes in their body. Which of the following complaints raises a "red flag" because it could be a sign of epithelial cell bladder cancer?

"I noticed my urine is pinkish red, but I'm not having any pain when I pee."

An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the client's following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?

"I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this."

A public health nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a group of older adults. Which of the participants' following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of the risk factors for bladder cancer?

"More than ever, I guess it would worthwhile for me to quit smoking."

In anatomy class, the instructor asks, "Explain how urine is expelled from the bladder during voiding." The student with the most accurate response would be:

"The detrusor muscle contract down on the urine and the ureteral orifices are forced shut. The external sphincter relaxes as urine moves out of the bladder."

A child is recovering from a bout with group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. They ask the nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:

All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved

Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:

Antigen-antibody complexes

If a CKD client is developing uremic encephalopathy, the earliest manifestations may include: Select all that apply.

Decreased alertness Diminished awareness

A client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. The nurse would likely be assessing which of the following manifestations of the recovery phase of ATN?

Diuresis

While taking a history from an adult client newly diagnosed with renal cell cancer, the nurse can associate which of the following high-risk factors with the development of this cancer?

Heavy smoking

The nurse is providing care for a client who has a diagnosis of kidney failure. Which of the following laboratory findings is consistent with this client's diagnosis?

Hypocalcemia

The most recent assessment of a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes indicates a heightened risk of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased risk?

Microalbuminuria

A drug abuser was found unconscious after shooting up heroin 2 days prior. Because of the pressure placed on the hip and arm, the client has developed rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows this can:

Obstruct the renal tubules with myoglobin and damage tubular cells

A client had excessive blood loss and prolonged hypotension during surgery. His postoperative urine output is sharply decreased, and his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is elevated. The most likely cause for the change is acute:

Tubular necrosis

Many factors contribute to the incontinence that is common among the elderly. A major factor is increased

Use of multiple medications

A female client asks, "Why do I leak urine every time I cough or sneeze?" The health care worker's response is based on which physiologic principle?

When intravesical pressure exceeds maximal urethral closure pressure

A female teenager has experienced three uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the last 3 months. Knowing the anatomical location of the urethra, the nurse should educate this teenager about:

Wiping from front to back to prevent Escherichia coli contamination of the urethra