Patho Final- PrepU Quiz Questions (Quiz 2-6)
A nurse is conducting a health promotion class on healthy cooking. The nurse includes the importance of ensuring that all hamburgers are cooked completely before ingesting to prevent: Escherichia coli Entamoeba histolytica Clostridium difficile Rotavirus
Escherichia coli
The health care provider is reviewing lab results of a client diagnosed with heart failure. The provider notes that the client's ANP and BNP levels have been increasing and remain significantly elevated. These results would be interpreted as: The condition is getting progressively worse. The client is improving. Results are not significant assessment data. The more the results continue to increase, the better outcome for the client.
The condition is getting progressively worse.
The nurse assessing a client with a diagnosis of cholelithiasis will look for pain in which area? Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
Right upper quadrant
A 7-year-old child had an emergency appendectomy during the night. When trying to assess the child's pain, the nurse should: ask the child to rate the pain on a scale of 0-10, with 0 = no pain, and 10 = worst pain ever. Show the child a scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes how he or she is feeling. Consider pulse and BP readings to be the most specific indicators of the amount of pain the child is experiencing. Try to distract the child by blowing bubbles to minimize the use of opioids so that the child does not become addicted to the narcotic.
Show the child a scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes how he or she is feeling.
A client is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of problems experienced with gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will further assess the: Small intestine Sigmoid colon Intestinal lumen Large bowel
Small intestine
When caring for clients with disorders of sodium balance, the nurse know that which finding is consistent with hypernatremia? Sodium 158 mEq/L (158 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg (320 mmol/kg) Sodium 135 mEq/L (135 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 275 mOsm/kg (275 mmol/kg) Sodium 148 mEq/L (148 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 280 mOsm/kg (280 mmol/kg) Sodium 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 295 mOsm/kg (295 mmol/kg)
Sodium 158 mEq/L (158 mmol/L) and serum osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg (320 mmol/kg)
A client tells the nurse that he is concerned he may be developing chronic bronchitis and asks how the diagnosis is made. The mostappropriate information for the nurse to provide would be: A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis requires a history of a chronic productive cough that has persisted for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years. A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis requires a history of a respiratory infection that occurs every 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years. A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis requires a chest x-ray that shows a tubercle bacillus that has been present for at least 2 consecutive years. A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis requires you to have been hospitalized at least one time in at least 2 consecutive years with shortness of breath.
A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis requires a history of a chronic productive cough that has persisted for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years.
A client sustained a puncture injury to the chest resulting in development of a tension pneumothorax. What is the pathogenesis behind a tension pneumothorax? Expired air exits the bleeding wound at a faster rate than inhalation. Air is permitted to enter but not leave the pleural space, causing lung collapse. The opposite lung hyperinflates to compensate for the collapsed lung. Blebs on the lung surface rupture due to increased intrapleural pressure.
Air is permitted to enter but not leave the pleural space, causing lung collapse.
When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system? Cardiovascular Hepatic Cerebrovascular Pulmonary
Cardiovascular
Which condition places the client at risk for hypercapnia if given high-flow oxygen as treatment for a ventilation perfusion mismatch? Pulmonary edema from heart failure Closed head injury from a fall Chronic bronchitis from smoking Pneumothorax from rib fractures
Chronic bronchitis from smoking
During the admission interview the client, who is admitted with bacterial pneumonia, reveals a 20 pack per year smoking history. The nurse relates the possible cause of this pneumonia to the decreased defense of the pulmonary system caused by cigarette smoking. Smoking affects the pulmonary defense system in what way? Buildup of nicotine on the cilia Damage or destruction of cilia Vasodilation of blood vessels Increased development of atherosclerosis
Damage or destruction of cilia
A client diagnosed with asthma is scheduled for a pulmonary function test. During the test, the technician instructs the client to forcefully exhale air for 1 second to evaluate: Forced expiratory volume Maximum voluntary ventilation Forced vital capacity Inspiratory capacity
Forced expiratory volume
A client's chest x-ray and pathology report identify a granulomatous lesion that contains the tubercle bacilli. The health care provider uses which term to describe this lesion? Ghon focus Tubercles Surfactant Macrophages
Ghon focus
The community health nurse is developing a program to decrease the amount of pulmonary tuberculosis that has recently risen in her area. Which populations at risk will the nurse target? Select all that apply. HIV-infected people Foreign-born people from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis Residents of high-risk congregate settings People who have high stress levels People who have been admitted to the hospital at least twice in one year
HIV-infected people Foreign-born people from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis Residents of high-risk congregate settings
Increased cardiac workload with left-sided heart failure can result in which change to the myocardial cells? Hyperplasia Atrophy Hypertrophy Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
The nurse is caring for the client with hepatocellular carcinoma. What does the nurse recognize is a cause of this disease? Exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications Illness with hepatitis B or C Gallbladder disease Diabetes
Illness with hepatitis B or C
If a client experiences sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart, the nurse will observe which changes in manifestations? Increased heart rate and increased contractility Increased heart rate and decreased contractility Decreased contractility and decreased heart rate Decreased rate and force of contraction
Increased heart rate and increased contractility
The MRA scan of a client with a suspected stroke reports ruptured berry aneurysm. The nurse plans care for a client with: Encephalitis Subarachnoid hemorrhage Lacunar infarct Thrombotic stroke
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A client reports chest pain to the nurse. Which characteristics of the pain indicate pleuritis? Dull pain in mid-chest that is worse when coughing Sudden sharp pain in one side made worse by deep breathing Crushing pain in mid-chest that is not changed by breathing or coughing Sharp bilateral pain in the inferior chest that is worse when lifting or stretching
Sudden sharp pain in one side made worse by deep breathing
Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart. ruptures; releases thickens; stretches contracts; friction rubs fills rapidly; compresses
fills rapidly; compresses
A nurse will be providing care for a female client who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right-sided. Which statement best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client: has a distended bladder, facial edema, and difficulty breathing during nighttime hours. complains of dyspnea and has adventitious breath sounds on auscultation (listening). has pitting edema to the ankles and feet bilaterally, decreased activity tolerance, and occasional upper right quadrant pain. has cyanotic lips and extremities, low urine output, and low blood pressure.
has pitting edema to the ankles and feet bilaterally, decreased activity tolerance, and occasional upper right quadrant pain.
As the nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client, the client begins to have seizure activity including loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse's priority is to: protect the client from injury. stop the seizure. preserve brain functioning. treat underlying disease.
protect the client from injury.
The nurse is aware that some drugs may be prevented from entering the brain as a function of: the blood-brain barrier. detoxification by the liver. elimination by the kidneys. rapid absorption in the gastric mucosa.
the blood-brain barrier.
The most common cause of ischemic stroke is: thrombosis. arterial vasculitis. vasospasms. cryptogenesis.
thrombosis
During the assessment of a client with heart failure, the nurse uses finger pressure to determine if edema is present in the lower extremities. When would the nurse document pitting edema? Indentation remains after the finger has been removed. The area is firm and discolored. The skin is thickened and hard. Indentation is not present.
Indentation remains after the finger has been removed.
A client has just been told that he has an infection of the inner surface of the heart. He is also told that the bacteria has invaded his heart valves. What term is used for this disease process? Pericarditis Myocardial infarction Infective endocarditis Cardiomyopathy
Infective endocarditis
Which pathophysiologic process occurs in cases of bacterial meningitis? Infection in the cerebrospinal fluid causes vasoconstriction and cerebral hypoxia. Trauma introduces skin-borne pathogens to the cerebrospinal fluid. Infection in the cerebrospinal fluid causes spinal cord compression and neurologic deficits. Inflammation allows pathogens to cross into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Inflammation allows pathogens to cross into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Crohn disease is treated by several measures. Treatment with sulfasalazine will focus on which aspect of this disease? Immune suppression Inflammatory suppression Increased appetite Decreased bleeding tendency
Inflammatory suppression
A female client with a history of chronic renal failure has a total serum calcium level of 7.9 mg/dL (1.98 mmol/L). While performing an assessment, the nurse should focus on which clinical manifestation associated with this calcium level? Reports of shortness of breath on exertion with decreased oxygen saturation levels Difficulty arousing the client and noticing she is disoriented to time and place Heart rate of 120 beats/min associated with diaphoresis (sweaty) Intermittent muscle spasms and reports of numbness around her mouth
Intermittent muscle spasms and reports of numbness around her mouth
The nurse is caring for a client with an elevated serum bilirubin level. The nurse recognizes a high bilirubin level may result in which condition? Jaundice Cholestasis Xanthomas Biliary cirrhosis
Jaundice
A client has these arterial blood gas values: anion gap 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L), pH 7.29, PCO2 37 mm Hg (4.92 mmol/L), HCO3- 11 mEq/L (11 mmol/L), base excess -6 mEq/L (-6 mmol/L). With what condition do these values correspond? Lactic acidosis Hyperkalemia Multiple myeloma lithium toxicity
Lactic acidosis
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer (bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37 mEq/L (37 mmol/L). The nurse suspects the client may be experiencing: Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
A client who has experienced a spinal cord injury still has use of the arms but has impaired motor and sensory function of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Which term best describes how this injury is classified? Paraplegia Tetraplegia Quadriplegia Brown-Séquard syndrome
Paraplegia
The nurse is providing client education to a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse most accurately describes the disease progression as: Parkinson's is an acute disorder that can be surgically corrected. Parkinson's is a chronic condition and treatment aims to manage symptoms. Parkinson's has no known effective treatment. Parkinson's disease, while chronic, will likely improve over time.
Parkinson's is a chronic condition and treatment aims to manage symptoms.
A client with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is producing copious secretions that are physically obstructing the airway. Which pathophysiologic process will result from this condition? Compensatory vasoconstriction Ventilation without perfusion Dead air space Perfusion without ventilation
Perfusion without ventilation
The nurse is hearing diminished breath sounds and a "grating" sound during respirations. This is consistent with excess collection of fluid in the pleural cavity. The medical term for this is: Pleurisy Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Poor lung compliance
Pleural effusion
A short, nonsmoking 44-year-old male presents to the emergency room with left-sided chest pain and a cough. He states the pain started abruptly and worsens with deep breathing and coughing. He denies recent injury. Assessment includes shallow respirations with a rate of 36, normal breath sounds, no cyanosis. Which condition is most likely causing his symptoms? Myocardial infarction Spontaneous pneumothorax Pleuritis related to infection Obstructive atelectasis
Pleuritis related to infection
After several months of persistent heartburn, an adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to be prescribed for this client's GERD? Surgical correction of the incompetent pylorus and limiting physical exercise Anti-inflammatory medications; avoiding positions that exacerbate reflux; a soft-textured diet Weight loss and administration of calcium channel blocking medications Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals
Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals
An adult has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease, in which the function of the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which consequence of this condition is most likely? Decreased absorption of ingested foods and fluids. Impaired control of the gastric emptying rate. Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus. Inappropriate release of gastric enzymes.
Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus.
Reviewing pathology for an exam on pulmonary vasculature, the nursing student states that blood enters the right side of the heart via the vena cava, then to the right atrium, right ventricle, and then which vessel carries the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary system? Pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary artery
A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for: Pulmonary embolism Vasculitis Polyarteritis nodosa Arterial insufficiency
Pulmonary embolism
As a result of hypoxemia and polycythemia, persons with chronic obstructive bronchitis are prone to which complication? Breakdown of elastin Left-sided heart failure Pulmonary hypertension Expiratory airway collapse
Pulmonary hypertension
The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process? Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms. Regulation of the production of carbonic acid Reabsorption of hydrogen and excretion of carbonic acid Stimulation of the chemoreceptors in the brain stem
Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.
A nurse is completing an abdominal assessment on a client suspected to have appendicitis. When the nurse applies and then releases pressure in the client's right lower quadrant, the client experiences tenderness. The nurse is documenting the presence of: Rebound tenderness Referred tenderness Periumbilical tenderness Perforated appendix
Rebound tenderness
Which intervention provides the most accurate information about core temperature? Oral temperature Axillary temperature Rectal temperature Skin sensor
Rectal temperature
The transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by which action? Nerve stimulation of the adrenal medulla Release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings Connection to paraspinal ganglion chain Nerve origin in thoracolumbar spine
Release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings
Celiac disease commonly presents in infancy as failure to thrive. It is an inappropriate T-cell-mediated immune response, and there is no cure for it. What is the treatment of choice for celiac disease? Removal of protein from the diet Removal of fat from the diet Removal of gluten from the diet Removal of sugar from the diet
Removal of gluten from the diet
The nursing assistant reports to the registered nurse that a client with a brain tumor has a blood pressure of 180/100 mm Hg and a pulse of 50 bpm. Which action is the correct nursing intervention? Ask the nursing assistant to obtain a glucose reading. Initiate intravenous fluids. Report to physician the client's signs of increased intracranial pressure. Contact the physician for "do not resuscitate" orders.
Report to physician the client's signs of increased intracranial pressure.
Pressure generated as water moves across a membrane is also known as which of the following? Osmotic pressure Hydrostatic pressure Filtration pressure Lymphatic pressure
Osmotic pressure
During a flu shot clinic, one of the questions the student nurse asks relates to whether the client has a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The client asks, "What is that?" How should the nursing student reply? "A type of paralysis that affects movement on both sides of the body. It may even involve the respiratory muscles." "Swelling of your arm where you got your flu shot and maybe your eyes and lips had some swelling as well." "A degenerative disease where you have trouble walking without the help of a cane or walker." "Influenza-like illness where you had fever and chills for 2 to 3 days after your last flu shot."
"A type of paralysis that affects movement on both sides of the body. It may even involve the respiratory muscles."
A client with a history of cancer that metastasized to the liver has arrived at the outpatient clinic to have a paracentesis performed. The physician anticipates that the client will have more than 5 L of fluid removed. The physician has prescribed intravenous albumin following the procedure. The client asks why she needs "more fluids in my vein." The nurse responds: "Albumin will stay in your blood vessels a long time so that you will not seep out more fluid in your belly for at least a few weeks." "Albumin works like your diuretics to help you get rid of excess fluid through your kidneys. It's just more potent than your home water pills." "After the albumin, your potassium level will stay steady and you should keep excess water weight off for several weeks." "Albumin is a volume expander. Since a lot of fluid was removed, you have a decrease in your vascular volume, so without this albumin, your kidneys will try to reabsorb and hold onto water."
"Albumin is a volume expander. Since a lot of fluid was removed, you have a decrease in your vascular volume, so without this albumin, your kidneys will try to reabsorb and hold onto water."
A nurse is performing client health education with a 68-year-old man who has recently been diagnosed with heart failure. Which statement demonstrates an accurate understanding of his new diagnosis? "I'll be sure to take my beta-blocker whenever I feel short of breath." "I'm going to avoid as much physical activity as I can so that I preserve my strength." "I know it's healthy to drink a lot of water, and I'm going to make sure I do this from now on." "I'm trying to think of ways that I can cut down the amount of salt that I usually eat."
"I'm trying to think of ways that I can cut down the amount of salt that I usually eat."
An adult has sought care for treatment of headaches that have been increasing in severity and frequency. Recently, the client was diagnosed with migraines. Which teaching points should the health care provider emphasize? "Weight loss and exercise are very important components of your treatment." "Stopping all of your current medications, even temporarily, should provide some relief." "It would be helpful for you to take control of your diet, sleep schedule, and stress levels." "Your headaches are likely a result of a nerve disorder and, unfortunately, cannot be treated successfully."
"It would be helpful for you to take control of your diet, sleep schedule, and stress levels."
A hospitalized older adult asks the nurse how he acquired Clostridium difficile while taking an antibiotic medication. Which is the best response by the nurse? "The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt the normal microbial balance and allow overgrowth of species." "It is a consequence of being older and having health issues." "All clients in the hospital are at risk for developing the problem." "It is the result of using a generic medication in place of your home medication."
"The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt the normal microbial balance and allow overgrowth of species."
A client in the nursing home wonders why he is having these signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure. Which explanation will the nurse give the client? "The left ventricle is pumping excessive amounts of blood through the carotid arteries causing headache." "The left ventricle is having problems pumping blood forward, so blood is backing up systemically causing edema in your feet." "The left ventricle is not adequately perfusing your gastrointestinal tract, leading to diarrhea and vomiting." "The left ventricle is having problems pumping blood forward, and this is causing blood to back up into your lungs."
"The left ventricle is having problems pumping blood forward, and this is causing blood to back up into your lungs."
A student is comparing the different parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Which statement demonstrates understanding? "The esophagus is where most of the absorptive processes occur." "The mouth is the receptacle where initial digestive processes take place." "The jejunum serves as a storage channel for the elimination of waste." "The cecum is where most digestive and absorptive processes occur."
"The mouth is the receptacle where initial digestive processes take place."
A client takes 650 mg of aspirin every 4 hours daily for reports of joint pain. Which statement should be included in the client's teaching plan? "This medication can damage gastric mucosa." "You should have your partial thromboplastin time assessed." "This medication will not assist with joint pain." "You should have your hemoglobin and hematocrit checked weekly."
"This medication can damage gastric mucosa."
A client has an increase in core body temperature. What assessment finding does the nurse expect? Decreased skin temperature Flushed skin Decreased urination Blue nail beds
Flushed skin
A client with persistent, primary hypertension remains apathetic about high blood pressure, stating "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How could the nurse best respond to this client's statement? "Actually, high blood pressure makes you very susceptible to getting diabetes in the future." "That's true, but it's an indicator that you're not taking very good care of yourself." "You may not sense any problems, but hypertension increases your risk of heart disease and stroke." "You're right, but it's still worthwhile to monitor it in case you do develop problems."
"You may not sense any problems, but hypertension increases your risk of heart disease and stroke."
A baseball player was hit in the head with a bat during practice. In the emergency department, the physician tells the family that he has a "coup" injury. How will the nurse explain this to the family so they can understand? "It's like squeezing an orange so tight that the juice runs out of the top." "Your son has a huge laceration inside his brain where the bat hit his skull." "Your son has a contusion of the brain at the site where the bat hit his head." "When the bat hit his head, his neck jerked backward causing injury to the spine."
"Your son has a contusion of the brain at the site where the bat hit his head."
A client is admitted to the emergency department with possible internal bleeding after being involved in an automobile accident. What type of isotonic intravenous (IV) solution does the nurse prepare to infuse? 0.45% NaCl 0.9% NaCl 5% Dextrose in water 3% NaCl
0.9% NaCl
The nurse is caring for the following group of clients. Select the client most likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating An 18-year-old female who has overdosed on narcotics A 63-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking and chronic lung disease A 45-year-old male with pneumothorax after a car accident
A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating
A client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of: An immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelinization of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve Degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system Circulating antibodies attacking the postsynaptic acetylcholine levels Degeneration of the lower cell bodies of the lower motor neurons in the gray matter
An immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelinization of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve
Prolonged immobility is implicated in the development of which disorder? Bronchitis and bronchiectasis Sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Atelectasis and pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale
Atelectasis and pulmonary embolism
The nursing instructor, when teaching the students about coronary artery disease (CAD), identifies which of the following as the main cause of CAD? Defect in the DNA Atherosclerosis Excessive exercise Excessive use of dairy products
Atherosclerosis
A client with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Physical assessment reveals an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding? Barrel chest Pink puffer Blue bloater Pneumothorax
Barrel chest
Which risk factor for the development of primary hypertension is nonmodifiable? Black ethnicity High sodium intake Dyslipidemia Obesity
Black ethnicity
Following a collision while mountain biking, the diagnostic work up of a 22-year-old male has indicated the presence of an acute subdural hematoma. Which pathophysiologic process most likely underlies his diagnosis? Blood has accumulated between the man's dura and subarachnoid space. Vessels have burst between the client's skull and his dura. A traumatic lesion in the frontal or temporal lobe has resulted in increased ICP. Blood has displaced CSF in the ventricles as a consequence of his coup-contrecoup injury.
Blood has accumulated between the man's dura and subarachnoid space.
The efficiency of the heart as a pump often is measured in the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute. Which is the correct formula to figure out the cardiac output? SV = HR x CO HR = SV x CO CO = SV x HR HR = CO + SV
CO = SV x HR
The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following? CO2 H2O HCO3 Hydrogen
CO2
When caring for a client with hypomagnesemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system? Endocrine Cardiac Pulmonary Hepatic
Cardiac
A diagnosis of tension pneumothorax would be suspected in which physical assessment finding? Deviated trachea Symmetry of chest during inspiration Increased respiratory rate Hypoxia
Deviated trachea
The nurse has been informed that a client is experiencing dysphagia. The nurse interprets this as: Difficulty when swallowing Experiencing difficulty when breathing Incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing Having periods of impaired digestion
Difficulty when swallowing
The pulmonary rehabilitation specialist is educating medical students on a respiratory disease process that causes a severe compromise in exhalation due to air trapping. Air trapping is caused by the loss of elastic recoil, especially in the alveoli, which occurs after overstretching in which disease? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
A client who was hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia has now developed an infection in the pleural cavity. Which terminology correctly identifies this pathophysiologic finding? Empyema Chylothorax Hemothorax Pneumothorax
Empyema
The school nurse is doing a health class on the functional organization of the circulatory system. What is the function of the capillaries in the circulatory system? Distribute oxygenated blood to the tissues Collect deoxygenated blood from the tissues Exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes Pump blood
Exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson disease places the Parkinson's client most at risk for: Weight loss Falls and injury Emotional dysfunction Incontinence
Falls and injury
In clients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the priority assessment in all clients with diarrhea is: Fluid and electrolyte status Skin integrity Dietary intake Stool specimen
Fluid and electrolyte status
The heart is a four-chambered pump. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation? Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle
Left ventricle
When caring for the client with portal hypertension and ascites, which dietary intervention does the nurse suggest to prevent the progression of fluid accumulation? Consume foods high in potassium. Limit intake of sodium. Avoid dairy products. Reduce protein intake.
Limit intake of sodium.
The nurse is teaching the client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which part of the body is particularly prone to development of stasis dermatitis? Lower leg Hands Upper leg Lower abdomen
Lower leg
Crohn disease not only affects adults but also can occur in children. The nurse assesses for which major manifestation in children with Crohn disease? Dental caries Halitosis Malnutrition Weight gain
Malnutrition
Neurotransmitters like catecholamines (e.g., dopamine and epinephrine) have a reaction time of: Milliseconds Less than 10 minutes 24-36 hours 4-7 days
Milliseconds
A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6°F (37°C). The nurse responds: Some people maintain a core body temperature of 41°C (105.8°F) and that is normal for them. Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97°F (36.1°C) to 99.5°F (37.5°C). A person's highest point of core temperature is usually first thing in the morning. The best way to bring your body temperature up to normal is to live in a warmer climate.
Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97°F (36.1°C) to 99.5°F (37.5°C).
The nurse at a long-term care facility encourages the older adults to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which statement supports the nurse's action? Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high. The metabolic needs for both fluid and sodium in older adults differ from those of younger individuals. Regulation and maintenance of effective circulating volume by the kidneys is less effective in older adults. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is less able to facilitate sodium clearance in older adults.
Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high.
The older adult client tells the health care provider about experiencing dizziness when changing from a lying to a sitting position. The provider will document which condition in the medical record? Systolic hypertension Orthostatic hypotension Decrease in peripheral vascular resistance Increased responsiveness to catecholamines
Orthostatic hypotension
What is the nurse's expectation about a client's ability to compensate for a metabolic blood gas disorder? The client will compensate with the respiratory system. The client will not be able to compensate. The client will compensate with the same system. The client's breathing will slow down.
The client will compensate with the respiratory system.
The nursing instructor is teaching the students about rheumatic fever. She tells the students that it is an important cause of heart disease and is very serious mainly for which reason? The cost associated with treating the disease The disabling effects that result from involvement of heart valves The fact that it affects young and old That there is no definitive test used for diagnoses
The disabling effects that result from involvement of heart valves
The community health nurse is teaching about prevention of hepatitis A. Which group does the nurse suggest will benefit from this vaccine? Those who have been recently exposed to hepatitis A Homosexual women Those traveling to Third World countries Those working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Those traveling to Third World countries
The nurse is calculating the minute volume of a client. Select the correct categories of measurement. Tidal volume × respiratory rate Inspiratory reserve × tidal volume Respiratory rate × heart rate Total lung capacity × reserve volume
Tidal volume × respiratory rate
A client with a suspected MI is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The nurse caring for this client would expect to receive an order for which laboratory test to confirm a diagnosis of MI? Creatine kinase marker Complete blood components Calcium level Troponin level
Troponin level
The cardiac cycle describes the pumping action of the heart. Which statement is correct about systole? Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart. Atria contract and blood is ejected from the heart. Ventricles relax and blood fills the heart. Atria relax and blood fills the heart.
Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart.
A parent brings a child into the urgent care clinic. The health care provider suspects the child has a "common cold" based on which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. Watery, clear nasal secretions Coughing Mild fever Photosensitivity Nuchal rigidity
Watery, clear nasal secretions Coughing Mild fever
The nurse has been providing dietary teaching to a client diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client selects: a bran muffin, fruit, and orange juice. bacon, eggs, and coffee. fried fish and a glass of wine. grilled steak, green beans, and a Coke.
a bran muffin, fruit, and orange juice.
