PATHO: Quiz 1

In response to chronic irritation, a patient is found to have cells in an area that are a different type than the cells that are normally there. What type of cellular adaptation is this? Answers: A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Dysplasia D. Metaplasia

D. Metaplasia

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is... Answers: 1. Set a new baseline steady state 2. Invoke a resting state 3. Produce exhaustion 4. Energy and repair

4. Energy and repair

The effects of excessive cortisol production include... Answers: 1. Anorexia 2. Hypoglycemia 3. Inflammatory reactions 4. Immune suppression

4. Immune suppression

After experiencing a heart attack, a patient is instructed to take cholesterol lowering medication. This is an example of... Answers: 1. Disease treatment 2. Primary prevention 3. Secondary prevention 4. Tertiary prevention

4. Tertiary prevention

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all of the following except Answers: 1. tachycardia (increased heart rate) 2. diaphoresis (sweating) 3. increased blood pressure 4. pupil constriction

4. pupil constriction

Selye's phases of the stress response include which of the following? (Select all that apply) Answers: 1. alarm 2. homeostasis 3. resistance 4. allostasis 5. exhaustion

1. alarm 3. resistance 5. exhaustion

Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of... (select all that apply) Answers: 1. hygiene 2. environmental toxins 3. overcrowding 4. nutrition 5. genetics

1. hygiene 2. environmental toxins 3. overcrowding 4. nutrition

Which of the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose? (Select all that apply) Answers: 1. norepinephrine 2. cortisol 3. aldosterone 4. epinephrine

1. norepinephrine 2. cortisol 4. epinephrine

Which of the following is an example of the clinical manifestation known as a sign? Answers: 1. Neck pain 2. Dislocated elbow 3. Nausea 4. Double vision (diplopia)

2. Dislocated elbow

Your patient was recently exposed to a group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal (throat) infection. You examine him and note a temperature of 102.3º F, a skin rash, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and a reddened throat with multiple white pustules. He complains of a sore throat, body aches, and joint stiffness. The throat culture is positive for Streptococcus and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of your patient's illness is Answers: 1. Sore throat 2. Streptococcal infection 3. Genetic susceptibility 4. Pharyngitis

2. Streptococcal infection

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? Answers: 1. cortisol 2. insulin 3. norepinephrine 4. epinephrine

2. insulin

When cells are presented with increased workload, which of the following terms best describes how they adapt? Answers: A. Hyperplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Dysplasia D. Atrophy

B. Hypertrophy

Mrs. Smith has been in a coma for 3 months. Physical therapy visits her even though she is unconscious to move her limbs using passive range of motion. Which of the following is the health care team trying to prevent by doing this? Answers: A. Dysplasia B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Atrophy

D. Atrophy

A patient has found a lump on their body and went to the doctor. After testing the lump, the care team has determined that it is a benign hyperplastic growth. What does this mean? Answers: A. The tissue has malfunctioned from decreased workload B. The tissue grew larger from increased workload C. The cells have grown in an abnormal and disorganized way D. The normal cells increased in number resulting in an increased amount of tissue

D. The normal cells increased in number resulting in an increased amount of tissue

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by Answers: 1. glucagon 2. norepinephrine 3. cortisol 4. ACTH

2. norepinephrine

A 17-year-old college bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of Answers: 1. Secondary prevention 2. Prophylaxis 3. Primary prevention 4. Tertiary prevention

3. Primary prevention

Chronic overactivation of adaptive regulatory physiologic systems that increases susceptibility to disease is Answers: 1. homeostasis 2. allostasis 3.allostatic overload 4. coping

3. allostatic overload

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in Answers: 1. stress reduction 2. movement into the resistance stage 3. permanent damage and death 4. exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system

3. permanent damage and death

Allostasis is best defined as... Answers: 1. the process by which the body heals following disease 2. steady-state 3. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being 4. a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism

3. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? Answers: 1. Monthly breast examinations 2. Colonoscopy for cancer screening 3. Cardiac rehab after a heart attack 4. Education about healthy diet and regular physical exercise

4. Education about healthy diet and regular physical exercise