patho quiz 5 check for understanding

A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by stating

"His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered."

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. "Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother. The nurse's best response is

"When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder."

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.

Papanicolaou

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?

Sexually active women

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

Stage II

The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves.

True

Absence of menstruation is called

amenorrhea.

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

an immune complex reaction.

Cryptorchidism

associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer.

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing

dysmenorrhea.

Endometriosis is a condition in which

ectopic endometrial tissue is present.

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

hematuria.

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

hydronephrosis.

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

hyperemesis gravidarum.

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

hyperkalemia.

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include

initiation of dialysis.

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

less than 100 mL.

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

pain.

The direct cause of stress incontinence is

pelvic muscle weakness.

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

pelvic tumor.

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

polyuria and sodium wasting.

Sexual impotence is rarely because of

primary causes.

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of

prostatic enlargement.

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is

sepsis.

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is

serum creatinine.

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

smoking.

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of

testicular torsion.

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

the glomerular membrane has increased permeability.

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

throat infection.

The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.

tubular

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

uric acid crystals.

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

urinary retention and reflux.

Renal insufficiency occurs when _____ of the nephrons are not functional.

75% to 90%

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.

9

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.

Candida albicans

Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease.

False

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

bilateral kidney stones.

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

bladder contraction.

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

crescentic glomerulonephritis.