Patho review

A client has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What will the nurse tell the client about this disorder's etiology? -"Environment is the biggest contributing factor to the development of RA." -"Exposure to workplace chemicals is a causative agent." -"Genetic predisposition is very likely." -"The disease is most common in those under 30."

"Genetic predisposition is very likely."

The nurse has just finished teaching a client newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis about the disease. The nurse determines that teaching is effective when the client makes which statement? -"Rheumatoid arthritis includes joint involvement that is usually symmetric and polyarticular." -"Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune system disease that affects a single joint." -"Only upper extremity diarthrodial joint can be involved." -"The disease will not fluctuate in occurrence."

"Rheumatoid arthritis includes joint involvement that is usually symmetric and polyarticular."

Which of the following can be given to a client with a low blood sugar who is manifesting headache and tremors? Insulin Metformin 4 oz fruit juices like orange juice Metoprolol

4 oz fruit juices like orange

Which CD4 counts indicate that a client may have HIV? -A CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3 -A CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 -CD4 count of 560 cells/mm3 -CD4 count of 800 cells/mm3

A CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3

Which medication is often prescribed to reduce the uric acid level in a patient with gout? Aspirin Allopurinol Colace Amoxicillin

Allopurinol

This complication of diabetes is characterized by very high blood glucose readings of 300 mg/dL and above and there is a conversion of fats to ketones. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state Diabetic coma Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis

The following health teachings are appropriate to prevent the spread of HIV, except: -Having multiple sexual partners. -Using condoms during intercourse. -Avoid recapping the needles after injecting a patient diagnosed with HIV. -Using pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis such as Truvada as prescribed.

Having multiple sexual partners.

Which of the following is an indication of diabetes? Hemoglobin A1C of 7.0% Plasma glucose of 78 mg/dL Headache BUN of 25 mg/dL

Hemoglobin A1C of 7.0%

Due to her progressing osteoarthritis (OA), an 80-year-old woman can no longer perform her activities of daily living without assistance. Which phenomenon most likely underlies the woman's situation? -Inappropriate T-cell mediated immune responses have resulted in articular cartilage degeneration. -Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis had resulted from inflammation caused when joint cartilage attempted to repair itself. -Excessive collagen deposits have accumulated in the woman's synovial joints. -Bone overgrowth in synovial joints has resulted in the fusing of adjacent bones that normally articulate.

Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis had resulted from inflammation caused when joint cartilage attempted to repair itself.

Risk factors for insulin resistance include the following except: obesity inactivity low-fat diet. age.

Low-fat diet

The following are symptoms of diabetes except: Polyphagia Polyuria Polydipsia Polymorphism

Polymorphism

The type of insulin that is given intravenously is: Regular insulin Rapid acting insulin Long-acting insulin Intermediate acting insulin

Regular insulin

An older adult has been confined to bed after a severe hemorrhagic stroke with residual hemiplegia. Which measure should the care team prioritize in the prevention of pressure injuries? -Prophylactic antibiotics -Repositioning the client on a scheduled basis -Applying protective dressings to vulnerable areas -Parenteral nutrition

Repositioning the client on a scheduled basis

A client is experiencing an episode of gout. The nurse recognizes that the condition is a result of: -Serum uric acid levels -Serum calcium levels -Serum calcitonin levels -Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Serum uric acid levels

This type of diabetes usually starts in childhood or before a person reaches 30 years old and is also known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes None of the above

Type 1

Which description best summarizes the etiology of pressure injuries? - Unrelieved pressure on the skin causes decreased blood and lymph flow that leads to pressure injury development. - Dryness of the skin results in the development of pressure injuries for an immobile client. - Pressure injuries occur due to poor care and are usually preventable, especially in the home setting. - Pressure injuries occur from skin tears that do not heal properly.

Unrelieved pressure on the skin causes decreased blood and lymph flow that leads to pressure injury development.

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)? A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect Obesity and lack of exercise Immune destruction of the pancreas Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets

immune destruction of the pancreas

This hormone is produced in the beta cells of the pancreas in the islets of Langerhans that facilitates transport of energy into the cells. Glucagon Insulin Somatostatin Epinephrine

insulin

What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test? Measuring fasting glucose levels. Monitoring long-term serum glucose control. Detecting acute complications of diabetes. Checking for hyperlipidemia.

monitoring long term serum glucose control.

Which of the following food items is rich in uric acid? -broiled chicken -Baked turkey -sardines -mashed potato

sardines