Patho Study mas

The somatosensory system consists of three types of sensory neurons. The special somatic type of afferent sensory neurons has receptors that sense: A) Muscle position B) Visceral fullness C) Temperature D) Painful touch

Muscle Position

52. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that are activated by: A)Cortisol B)Noxious stimuli C)Pressure and touch D)Sudden movements

NOXIOUS STIMULI

35. Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy are both characterized by the appearance of: A)Macular edema B)Cloudy corneas C)Microinfarctions D)Intraretinal hemorrhages

Intraretinal hemorrhages

Following his annual influenza vaccination, a patient begins to feel achy, like he has developed the flu. An hour later, the patient is rushed to the emergency department. Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome was made based on which of the following assessment findings? Choose all that apply.

1.Rapid deterioration of respiratory status 2. Flaccid paralysis of limbs 3. Pale, cool, dry skin + BP 90/62

A patient who experienced a traumatic head injury from a severe blow to the back of his head now lives with numerous function deficits, including an inability to maintain steady posture while he is in a standing position, although he is steadier when walking. Which of the following disorders most likely resulted from his injury?

A vestibulocerebellar disorder

A person is in status epilepticus. What are the greatest concerns when treating this individual? (Select all that apply.) A. Cerebral hypoxia B. Aspiration C. Bleeding of the tongue D. Musculoskeletal trauma

A,B

59. Following an automobile accident that resulted in a traumatic amputation of the right lower leg, the client complains of feeling tingling, heaviness, and shooting pain in the amputated limb. The health care providers treat phantom limb pain by which of the following interventions? Select all that apply. A)TENS of the large myelinated afferents innervating the area B)Hypnosis C)Relaxation techniques D)Warm, moist compresses E)Use of mirrors to visualize the limb is no longer there

A,B,C

54. When lecturing about heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), the instructor will emphasize the client may present with: Select all that apply. A)Substernal chest pain B)Neck pain C)Umbilicus pain D)Deep, right-sided abdominal pain E)Pain that radiates to the left arm

A,B,E

While explaining the somatosensory cortex to a group of nursing students, the instructor asks, "What is involved in the final processing of somatosensory information?" The correct response includes: Select all that apply. A)Full localization B)Autonomic nervous system C)Discrimination of intensity D)Interpretation of somatosensory stimuli E)Pacinian corpuscle receptors

A,C,D

43. A traumatic brain injury client has developed extreme cerebral edema. The nurse is monitoring the client closely for signs of brain herniation. Which clinical manifestations would correlate to upward herniation of the midbrain from the infratentorial compartment? Select all that apply. A)Deep coma B)Rhythmic movement of arms and legs C)Respiratory rate of 8 with intermittent sighs D)Intracranial bleeding from nose and ears E)Bilateral small, fixed pupils

A,C,E

The health care provider for a client with degenerative Alzheimer-type dementia recognizes the client has moved from the initial stage to the moderate stage based on which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. A)Extreme confusion and disorientation B)Incontinence of urine and bowel C)Need for direct supervision for ADLs D)Social withdrawal from all family and friends E)Inability to problem solve simple tasks

A,C,E

Which of the following principles should underlie the pain control strategy in the care of a child with a diagnosis of cancer? A)Opioids should be avoided in order to prevent liver and kidney insult. B)Dosing and timing should aim for a steady serum level of the prescribed drug. C)Doses of analgesia should be given only when the client's pain becomes severe. D)Drugs from numerous classifications should be used to maximize pain control.

B

80.Which of the following lab values correlate to the fact that the client has developed a lytic drug reaction and is having an antibody response that lyses the drug-coated cell? Select all that apply. A) CD4 T-cell count of 500 cells B) Low hemoglobin of 9.1 C) WBC level of 5000 D) Low platelet level of 10,000 E) Elevated liver enzyme levels

B,D

A teenager has been in a car accident and experienced acceleration-deceleration head injury. Initially, the client was stable but then started to develop neurological signs/symptoms. The nurse caring for this client should be assessing for which type of possible complication? A)Brain contusions and hematomas B)TIAs and cerebrovascular infarction C)Momentary unconsciousness D)Status epilepticus

Brain Contusions and Hematomas

46. An elderly male client has been brought to the emergency department after experiencing stroke-like symptoms a few hours ago, and has been subsequently diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. The care team is eager to restore cerebral perfusion despite the likely death of the brain cells directly affected by the stroke. What is the rationale for the care team's emphasis on restoring circulation? A)Failure to restore blood flow creates a severe risk for future transient ischemic attacks. B)Necrosis will continue unabated throughout the brain unless blood flow is restored. C)Cells of the penumbra may be saved from hypoxic damage if blood flow is promptly restored. D)Unless blood flow is restored, the client faces the risk of progressing to hemorrhagic stroke.

C

83. Contact with poison ivy has resulted in intense pruritus, erythema, and weeping on a client's forearm. Which of the following processes resulted in the client's signs and symptoms? A) IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation B) Formation of antigen-antibody complexes C) Cytokine release by sensitized T cells D) Formation of antibodies against cell surface antigens

C

The intracranial volume that is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure is the: brain cell tissue. intravascular blood. surface sulci fluid. cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A client has suffered a stroke that has affected his speech. The physician has identified the client as having expressive aphasia. Later in the day, the family asks the nurse to explain what this means. The most accurate response would be aphasia that is: A)Characterized by an inability to comprehend the speech of others or to comprehend written material B)Nearly normal speech except for difficulty with finding singular words C)Manifested as impaired repetition and speech riddled with letter substitutions, despite good comprehension and fluency D)Characterized by an inability to easily communicate spontaneously or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing

D

A client has started having uncontrolled seizures that are not responding to usual medications. Nursing working with the client must pay special attention to which of the following priority aspects of this clients care? Assessment of: A)ECG for arrhythmias B)Urine output and continence C)Ability to grasp hands and squeeze on command D)Respiratory status and oxygen saturation

D) Respiratory status and oxygen saturation

Which of the following disorders of neuromuscular function typically has the most rapid onset?

Guillain-Barr Syndrome

21. A family brings their father to his primary care physician for a checkup. Since their last visit, they note their dad has developed a tremor in his hands and feet. He also rolls his fingers like he has a marble in his hand. The primary physician suspects the onset of Parkinson disease when he notes which of the following abnormalities in the patient's gait?

Slow to start walking and has difficulty when asked to "stop" suddenly

A client with a long history of cigarette smoking and poorly controlled hypertension has experienced recent psychomotor deficits as a result of hemorrhagic brain damage. The client's psychomotor deficits are likely the result of:

Vascular Dementia