patho surviving the shift
A seasoned nurse is describing the pathogenesis of asthma to a newly graduated nurse. The nurse knows that further teaching is needed if the new grad states: "Mast cells release IgE" (13) "A variety of allergens can cause airway reactivity" (16) "Airway inflammation can cause smooth muscle relaxation" (19) "Aspirin and NSAIDs cause a reaction on the Leukotriene system" (17)
"Airway inflammation can cause smooth muscle relaxation" (19)
Which statement by a patient with scabies causes concern and that they should be re-educated by the nurse? "I will avoid using soap and water while using anti-scabies treatment." (5) "I'm going on vacation next week with my bowling team." (12) "I will apply anti-scabies medication thickly to my face and scalp. (7) "I will wash my clothing only in cold water with bleach." (3)
"I will avoid using soap and water while using anti-scabies treatment." (5)
A nurse is taking care of multiple pediatric patients. He knows that which of the following has the highest risk for developing extrinsic (allergic) asthma: A 9-month old that was born at 32 weeks gestation (13) A 6 year old in a low income housing (20) A 12 year old who lives in a rural area (15) A 2 year old Native American child who weighed 7 lbs at birth. (6)
A 9-month old that was born at 32 weeks gestation (13)
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms that occurs in the lung parenchyma allows pneumonia to develop? R. Atelectasis B. Bronchiectasis T. Effusion A. Inflammation
A. Inflammation
A male client comes to the physician's office for treatment of severe sunburn. The nurse takes this opportunity to discuss the importance of protecting the skin from the sun's damaging rays. Which instruction would best prevent skin damage? H. "Minimize sun exposure from 1 to 4 p.m. when the sun is the strongest" S. "Use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 10 or higher" C. "Apply sunscreen even on overcast days" T. "When at the beach, sit in the shade to prevent sunburn"
C. "Apply sunscreen even on overcast days"
A nurse is caring for a group of patients. She knows that which one of them is at greatest risk for developing kaposi's sarcoma?C. 44 year-old with HIV T. 32 year-old with pneumonia P. 18 year-old with Type 1 diabetes N. 23 year-old with diverticulitis
C. 44 year-old with HIV
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with coal miner's lung. Which of the following clinical manifestations is a sign of the late stage of the disease? R. Dyspnea N. Productive Cough H. No symptoms during this stage C. Clubbing of the fingers
C. Clubbing of the fingers
Which pathogenetic change is NOT associated with obstructive airway disorder? Swelling from exudation of fluid (6) Decreased mucous production (8) Loss of ciliary function (10) Inflamed airways (12)
Decreased mucous production (8)
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about the transmission of bacteria from person to person. Which should the nurse include in the teaching about how bacteria first begins to infect individuals? O. Attach to the specific target cell membrane I. They produce new bacterial components A. Release the bacteria by the cell surface E. Penetrate the cell membrane by releasing exotoxins
E. Penetrate the cell membrane by releasing exotoxins
What does NOT occur during an acute asthma attack? Sputum is often thick, tenacious, scant, and viscid. (3) Bronchoconstriction occurs. (9) Residual lung volume increases. (5) Forced expiratory volumes increase. (1)
Forced expiratory volumes increase. (1)
When discussing the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma, which of the following is the most correct answer a nurse can give to a patient on the reasoning this occurs? Q. Eosinophils cause smooth muscle dilation L. Basophils from Mast cells cause smooth muscle constriction Y. Neutrophils from Mast cells cause smooth muscle constriction B. IgM causes smooth muscle inflammation
L. Basophils from Mast cells cause smooth muscle constriction
A client comes in to the clinic with complaints of dyspnea, worsening productive cough, and fatigue. The client tells you that he came directly from work where he does carpentry, renovating houses and it seems to be at its worst when he is at work. What diganosis should the nurse be concerned about? M. Intrinsic Asthma P. Extrinsic Asthma G. Parenchymal lung disease F. Pneumonia
G. Parenchymal lung disease
The evening nurse reviews the nursing documentation in the male client's chart and notes that the day nurse has documented that the client has a stage II pressure ulcer in the sacral area. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on assessment of the client's sacral area? D. Intact skin T. Full-thickness skin loss P. Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle
G. Partial-thickness skin loss of the dermis
A patient is having lab work when being assessed for asthma. Which of the following is the correct statement made by the nurse on what the healthcare team is looking for in the labs: H. "We are looking for a normal WBC count, nothing should be off" W. "Blood gases may show respiratory acidosis" X. "You may see a decrease in WBC, specifically in the number of basophils" I. "You may see an increase in WBC, specifically in the number of eosinophils"
I. "You may see an increase in WBC, specifically in the number of eosinophils"
The nurse is taking care of a team of patients. Which of these patients does she need to report as a hospital-acquired condition? I. 33 year old patient with a PICC line who has positive blood cultures and a fever. O. 18 year old male who had appendectomy, his incision is slightly red. T. 84 year old patient who has a blanchable, erythema on his coccyx N. 76 year old patient who came in from home with pneumonia
I. 33 year old patient with a PICC line who has positive blood cultures and a fever.
A patient who is being tested for occupational asthma is asking the nurse what type of test will be useful in diagnosing this kind of asthma. The nurse knows that this test will be: I. A challenge test as these irritants won't show up on a skin test A. A skin test as these irritants will show up as whelps on the back E. BMP looking at electrolytes O. A challenge test so hypersensitization can begin
I. A challenge test as these irritants won't show up on a skin test
The nurse is educating a patient on signs and symptoms of asthma and when the patient may need to report to the emergency room. Which of the following symptoms is a sign that the patient is having a severe asthma attack? I. Prolonged Expiration H. Prolonged Inspiration K. Increased sputum production U. Wheezing
I. Prolonged Expiration
If the host's immune system is compromised, resident florae may become pathogenic, resulting in I. opportunistic infections. P. Salmonella infection. otitis media. D. myocarditis.
I. opportunistic infections.
Dr. Martinez prescribes an emollient for a client with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis with complaints of pruritus. The client asks why the emollient should be applied immediately after a bath or shower. How should the nurse respond? A. "This makes the skin feel soft." L. "This prevents evaporation of water from the hydrated epidermis." T. "This minimizes cracking of the dermis" B. "This prevents inflammation of the skin"
L. "This prevents evaporation of water from the hydrated epidermis."
The nurse is assigned to care for a female client with herpes zoster (Shingles). Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to note when assessing the lesions of this infection? L. Clustered skin vesicles P. A generalized body rash Y. Small blue-white spots with a red base H. A fiery red, edematous rash on the cheeks
L. Clustered skin vesicles
A 7-year-old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypneic and afebrile and has a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and a nonproductive cough. He recently had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following? P. Intrinsic Asthma N. Bronchial Pneumonia L. Extrinsic Asthma V. Bronchitis
L. Extrinsic Asthma
Which of the following assessment findings would help confirm a diagnosis of asthma in a client suspected of having the disorder? C. Circumoral Cyanosis I. Increased Forced Expiratory Volume M. Prolonged Inspiratory Wheezes L. Prolonged Expiratory Wheezes
L. Prolonged Expiratory Wheezes
A nurse is caring for a patient who complains of hardened-hide like skin and finger contractures that has progressed over time. The nurse understands that these clinical manifestations support the diagnosis of: T. Localized Scleroderma N. Diffuse Scleroderma P. Kaposi's Sarcoma W. Pediculosis
N. Diffuse Scleroderma
The goal of infection control is to: M. kill pathogens before infection can occur. L. minimize the spread of pathogens within a population. N. sever the chain of infection. O. prevent the creation of medication-resistant pathogens.
N. sever the chain of infection.
A patient is having a chest xray done to diagnose parenchymal lung disease due to asbestosis. What is NOT a typical finding on this exam? F. Micronodular mottling and haziness O. Opacity B. Fibrosis J. Calcification
O. Opacity
A mother brings her 9 year old daughter to the clinic with complaints of an itchy scalp. After examination, the nurse notices small little bugs residing in her hair. The mother asks what treatment can be done to get rid of these bugs. Permethrin cream rinse (19) Erythromycin Ointment (16) Burrow compresses (4) Topical Steroids (17)
Permethrin cream rinse (19)
A client with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and a decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following classes of medication right away? C. Beta-Adrenergic Blocker R. Bronchodilator L. Inhaled Steroids D. Oral Steroids
R. Bronchodilator
A nurse is preparing an educational seminar on extrinsic asthma to a group of patients newly diagnosed. Which statement if made by a patient requires additional teaching? S. "My asthma is caused by inhaling toxic pollutants and is irreversible" P. "My strongest risk factors for developing this disease is genetics and smaller airways" K. "This type of asthma is due to Mast cells being activated by an allergen" E. "Airway modeling can occur due to a thickening of the basement membrane"
S. "My asthma is caused by inhaling toxic pollutants and is irreversible"
All of the following treatment options are available to patients with intrinsic asthma except which? V. Short Acting Bronchodilator M. Leukotriene modifiers Y. Inhaled corticosteroids S. Allergy Shots
S. Allergy Shots
A nurse is educating a patient on the contributing factors of exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following would be a correct understanding of the teaching? M. Inhaling of an allergen while exercising S. Heat and water loss K. Inhalation of dust particles while playing basketball F. Ingestion of Aspirin for sore muscles after a workout.
S. Heat and water loss
The nurse is explaining the characteristics of IgE to a newly graduated nurse. The nurse states that which of these is correct when describing these characteristics: H. Most abundant class of Igs; are transported across the placenta G. Most abundant in body secretions T. Active against parasites; are important mediators of allergic responses P. Low concentration in blood; are surface receptors on developing B lymphocytes
T. Active against parasites; are important mediators of allergic responses
A nurse is educating a group of coal miners on the effects of Anthracosis on their lungs. Which is an appropriate statement made by the nurse on the pathogenesis of this disease? Y. The inhaled particles paralyze cilia in the lung, making it impossible to remove the pollutant U. Macrophages help to repair the alveolar wall damage I. Bronchodilation occurs making it harder to breath H. Respiratory tract infections can be a contributing factor
Y. The inhaled particles paralyze cilia in the lung, making it impossible to remove the pollutant
What describes an increase in epidermis as a result of pressure? Atrophy (12) Verrucae (8) Carcinoma (22) Corns (16)
corns
