Patho Topic 3: Inflammation & Immunity

In which of the following patients would administration of RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) be appropriate?

Rh-negative woman with negative Rh antibody titer carrying Rh-positive fetus

As of 2005, the worldwide occurrence of HIV infection was estimated to be more than

40 million

Which of the following statements best describes the etiologic development and transmission of AIDS?

AIDS is caused by a retrovirus and transmitted through body fluids

Which of the following disorders is NOT a type IV hypersensitivity disorder

Blood transfusion reaction

HIV infection of T helper cells is facilitated by attachment of the viral envelope protein gp120 to

CD4 proteins on helper cells

Addison disease mechanism of hypersensitivity injury is

Cytotoxic

Graves disease mechanism of hypersensitivity injury is

Cytotoxic

Myasthenia gravis mechanism of hypersensitivity injury is

Cytotoxic

Type 1 diabetes mellitus mechanism of hypersensitivity injury is

Cytotoxic

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

Epstein-Barr virus

True or False, Protease inhibitors work by blocking HIV virions from entering cells.

False

Which of the following modes of transmission does NOT occur with HIV infection?

Fomite transmission to intact skin

Which type of HIV virus causes most infections in the United States and Europe?

HIV Type 1

This disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease

HIV/AIDS

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called

HLA or MHC proteins

Which of the following endocrine disorders would contribute most significantly to immunodeficiency?

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoid hormone

In a primary immune response, activated B cells produce mostly

IgM

Systemic lupus erythematosus mechanism of hypersensitivity injury is

Immune complex

Which of the following groups of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for complaints of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

Plasma cell myeloma

Which of the following cell types is thought to dampen the immune response?

Regulatory lymphocytes

True or False, A type II hypersensitivity reaction occurs when red blood cells are lysed after an incompatible blood transfusion.

True

True or False, Each B lymphocyte is able to bind to and produce antibody against only one specific antigen.

True

True or False, Type I hypersensitivity reactions are also called anaphylactic reactions

True

True or False, Type I, II, and III hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antibodies.

True

While in the hospital for management of ALL, J.B. developed severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition would be

activity restriction.

The "classical pathway" for activation of the complement cascade requires

antibodies

HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because it

causes the destruction of T helper cells.

The immune system disorder associated with HIV is

deficiency of T helper lymphocytes.

R.V. is a 28-year-old HIV-positive man recently hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness, dyspnea, weight loss, and low-grade fever. A biopsy of R.V.'s lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This diagnosis means that R.V.

has AIDS

An example of passive immunity would be

immune protection passed through the placenta.

J.B. is a 12-year-old boy with ALL. As part of J.B.'s treatment, he must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

immunosuppression

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

infection

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually identified because they develop

infections from opportunistic organisms.

J.B. is a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Manifestations of J.B.'s leukemia prior to treatment would include all of the following except

leukopenia

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanis type I hypersensitivity reactions because

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.

Fluid and diuretic therapy are used in the management of plasma cell myeloma to

prevent damage to renal tubules.

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient

Inflammation is said to be nonspecific because

the inflammatory reaction is similar regardless of cause.

A patient receiving zidovudine and a protease inhibitor to manage HIV infection is found to have an undetectable viral load. This means that

the therapy is effective.

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely to be a

type III hypersensitivity reaction