Patho Wk 3

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

Crystalloids

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension.

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Ventricular escape rhythm

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

False

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

False

An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure

Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Sodium

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body

True

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output.

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

afterload

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

antiplatelet drugs

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

cardiogenic

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

mean arterial

A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

obstructive

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval

Hypertension is closely linked to

obstructive sleep apnea

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

positioning the arm above the heart level

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output.

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells

renin

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

secondary

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

stable angina

Pulse pressure is defined as

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

tachycardia

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

β-hemolytic streptococcal infection

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

128/82

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Edema

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic

False

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

ST-segment elevation

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)