Pathology Intro

Angioma

Composed of blood vessels

Pain

Dolor

Pericardial effusion

Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart

Hypoplasia

Failure of normal development causing smaller cells

Immunoglobulin

Form in lymphoid tissue

Cystadenoma

Forming benign large cystic masses

Adenocarcinoma

Glandular cell malignancy

Hypertrophy

Increased size of the cells

Ecchymosis

Large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous bruise

Purpura

Larger areas of bleeding into the skin

Elephantiasis

Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction

Dysplasia

Loss of uniformity of individual cells

Vaccine

Low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or virus

Carcinoma

Malignancy of epithelial cell origin

Petechiae

Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane

Hyperplasia

Number of cells in the tissue increases

Anasarca

Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body

Antigen

Recognition of foreign substance

Atrophy

Reduction in number or size of cells

Redness

Rubor

Hemorrhage

Rupture of a blood vessel

Lipoma

Soft, fatty tissue tumor

Swelling

Tumor

Adenoma

Tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of: a. anaphylactic reactions. b. histamine release. c. cytotoxic reactions. d. delayed reactions.

a. anaphylactic reactions.

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are: a. anorexia and dysphagia. b. anaplasia and anorexia. c. aplasia and gangrene. d. anasarca and dysphagia.

a. anorexia and dysphagia

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as: a. cachexia. b. petechiae. c. anorexia. d. anaplastic.

a. cachexia

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named: a. dominant. b. autosomal dominant. c. recessive. d. autosomal recessive

a. dominant

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is: a. iatrogenic. b. neoplasia. c. idiopathic. d. community acquired.

a. iatrogenic

The Latin word for "new growth" is: a. neoplasia. b. tumor. c. ecchymosis. d. seeding.

a. neoplasia

All of the following are personal protective equipment (PPE), except: a. sharps container. b. mask. c. gloves. d. gown.

a. sharps container.

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called: a. transudate. b. exudate. c. filariasis. d. an abscess

a. transudate

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is: a. tumor. b. edema. c. calor. d. dolor.

a. tumor.

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called: a. an exudate. b. a granuloma. c. an abscess. d. hyperplasia.

b. a granuloma

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n): a. cystadenoma. b. adenocarcinoma. c. dysplasia. d. adenoma

b. adenocarcinoma

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called: a. malignant. b. benign. c. dysplastic. d. cancerous.

b. benign

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called: a. radiation therapy. b. chemotherapy. c. seeding. d. hormonal therapy.

b. chemotherapy

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as: a. hyperemia. b. fibrous adhesions. c. suppurative inflammation. d. keloids.

b. fibrous adhesions

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an): a. pleural effusion. b. hematoma. c. ecchymosis. d. petechiae.

b. hematoma

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered: a. hyperplastic. b. hypoplastic. c. anaplastic. d. dysplastic.

b. hypoplastic

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the: a. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells. b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability. c. migration of circulating white blood cells. d. enzymatic digestion of dead cells.

b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability.

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called: a. papilloma. b. myomas. c. hypertrophic. d. myelomas

b. myomas

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up: a. cystadenomas. b. squamous cell carcinomas. c. adenomas. d. sarcomas

b. squamous cell carcinomas.

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as: a. pyogens. b. toxins. c. toxoids. d. abscesses.

b. toxins

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is: a. nuclear medicine. b. ultrasound. c. MRI. d. CT.

c. MRI

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of: a. AIDS. b. Kaposi syndrome. c. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. d. hepatitis.

c. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered: a. aplastic. b. dysplastic. c. anaplastic. d. hyperplastic.

c. anaplastic

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in: a. hypoplasia. b. aplasia. c. atrophy. d. dysplasia.

c. atrophy

The most common hereditary abnormality is a. glycogen and lipid storage disease. b. chromosomal aberration. c. enzyme deficiency. d. sex-linked disorders.

c. enzyme deficiency.

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is: a. transudate. b. pus. c. exudate. d. permeable.

c. exudate

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with: a. pyogens. b. granulomatous inflammation. c. granulation tissue. d. phagocytes.

c. granulation tissue

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by: a. infarction. b. scar tissue. c. hyperemia. d. hyperplasia.

c. hyperemia

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of: a. hypertrophy. b. dysplasia. c. hyperplasia. d. anaplasia.

c. hyperplasia

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Iatrogenic b. Nosocomial c. Idiopathic d. Antietiologic

c. idiopathic

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n): a. purpura. b. ecchymosis. c. infarct. d. gangrene.

c. infarct

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as: a. petechiae. b. gangrene. c. ischemia. d. filariasis.

c. ischemia

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered: a. neoplastic. b. cachexia. c. malignant. d. benign.

c. malignant

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called: a. etiology. b. pathology. c. oncology. d. radiology.

c. oncology

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except: a. ascites. b. pneumonia. c. osteolytic metastasis. d. callus.

c. osteolytic metastasis.

A polyp is a: a. malignant epithelial neoplasm. b. cancer. c. projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane. d. benign cartilaginous tumor.

c. projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane.

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called: a. bacteria. b. a scar. c. pus. d. edema

c. pus

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called: a. tumor grading. b. lymphatic spread. c. seeding. d. staging

c. seeding

An inflammation associated with pus formation is: a. hyperemia. b. bacteremia. c. suppurative. d. phagocytosis.

c. suppurative.

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of: a. anaphylactic reactions. b. histamine release. c. cytotoxic reactions. d. AIDS

d. AIDS

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing: a. community-acquired immunity. b. iatrogenic. c. passive immunity. d. active immunity

d. active immunity

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are a. fibromas. b. cystadenomas. c. adenocarcinomas. d. adenomas

d. adenomas.

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called: a. bacteremia. b. filariasis. c. elephantiasis. d. anasarca

d. anasarca.

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue. a. immunoglobulins b. antibodies c. toxins d. antibodies and immunoglobulins

d. antibodies and immunoglobulins

The term derived from the Latin term for "crab" is: a. neoplasia. b. benign. c. oncology. d. cancer

d. cancer

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a: a. study of diseases. b. idiopathic process. c. pathology. d. disease process

d. disease process

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n): a. purpura. b. infarct. c. petechia. d. ecchymosis.

d. ecchymosis

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation. a. fibrous adhesions b. elephantiasis c. filariasis d. edema

d. edema

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic's foot, is called: a. hemorrhage. b. infarction. c. ischemia. d. gangrene.

d. gangrene

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as: a. staging. b. seeding. c. metastatic. d. grading.

d. grading

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is: a. hepatitis. b. Kaposi sarcoma. c. immunoglobulins. d. human immunodeficiency virus.

d. human immunodeficiency virus

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function? a. Hyperplasia b. Hypotrophy c. Neoplastic d. Hypertrophy

d. hypertrophy

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is: a. edema. b. ischemia. c. infection. d. inflammation.

d. inflammation.

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is: a. hematogenous spread. b. undifferentiated spread. c. hematopoietic spread. d. lymphatic spread.

d. lymphatic spread

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called: a. variable expressivity. b. aberrations. c. reduced penetrance. d. mutations

d. mutations

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called: a. aplasia. b. hyperplasia. c. dysplasia. d. neoplasia.

d. neoplasia

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the: a. patient status. b. clinical significance. c. treatment required. d. patient status, clinical significance and treatment required.

d. patient status, clinical significance and treatment required.

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as: a. ecchymosis. b. purpura. c. hemorrhage. d. petechiae.

d. petechiae

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be: a. seeded. b. graded. c. phased. d. staged.

d. staged

Sarcoma

A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue

Filariasis

A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction

Peritoneal ascites

Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity

Hematoma

An accumulation of blood in the tissue

Fibroma

Benign tumor consisting of fibrous tissue

Antibody

Binds with foreign substance to make harmless

Immune

Body makes harmless

Heat

Calor

Chondroma

Cartilaginous tumor that is benign

Toxoid

Chemically altered poisonous material