Pathophysiology: GI Disorders Questions
A patient with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease would likely be tested for: a. Helicobacter pylori. b. occult blood. c. lymphocytes. d. herpes simplex.
a
A patient with peptic ulcer disease may have anemia because of either blood loss or insufficient intrinsic factor. a. True b. False
a
Acute right lower quadrant pain (McBurney's point) associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of: a. appendicitis. b. peritonitis. c. cholecystitis. d. gastritis.
a
Atrophy of the intestinal villi in celiac disease can lead to anemia and osteopenia. a. True b. False
a
Celiac disease involves an autoimmune reaction. a. True b. False
a
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. a. True b. False
a
Chief cells secrete _____, while parietal cells secrete _____. a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride b. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen c. gastrin, intrinsic factor d. gastrin, intrinsic factor
a
Leaky gut syndrome results from increased intestinal permeability due to immune activation and proinflammatory cytokine production related to pathogenic bacterial overgrowth. a. True b. False
a
The action of bile is to: a. emulsify fats. b. digest cellulose. c. convert sucrose. d. release free amino acids.
a
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with: a. bloody diarrhea. b. malabsorption of nutrients. c. fistula formation between loops of bowel. d. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel.
a
An acute hepatitis infection will show which laboratory results? (Select all that apply.) a. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen b. Positive anti-HB core IgM c. Negative anti-HB surface IgG d. Negative anti-HB core IgE
a, b, c
Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include: (Select all that apply.) a. rectal pain or fullness. b. constipation or diarrhea. c. black, tarry, or pencil-shaped stool d. change in bowel habits.
a, b, c, d
Which of the following signs and symptoms can be related to complications of cirrhosis? (Select all that apply.) a. bruising and bleeding b. splenomegaly c. edema and ascites d. encephalopathy
a, b, c, d
Which of the following statements is true regarding cholelithiasis and cholecystitis? (Select all that apply.) a. hypomotility of the gall bladder can occur in pregnancy, obesity, and a low fat diet. b. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol is a phase in the development of a gall stone. c. rapid weight loss is a risk factor for developing gall stones d. symptoms of chronic cholecystitis include epigastric or right upper quadrant pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, fat intolerance, bloating, and flatus.
a, b, c, d
Clinical manifestations of gut dysbiosis could include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping b. Constipation or diarrhea c. Fatigue, brain fog, and lowered mood d. Skin conditions like psoriasis e. Joint pain
a, b, c, d, e
Portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.) a. anorexia b. ascites c. decreased bilirubin d. esophageal varices
a, b, d
Which of the following could be the underlying cause of a clinical complaint of frequent heartburn? (Select all that apply.) a. peptic ulcer disease b. gastroesophageal reflux c. ulcerative colitis d. hiatal hernia
a, b, d
Patients who may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones include: (Select all that apply.) a. high spinal cord injuries. b. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. c. patients receiving chemotherapy. d. patients with rapid weight loss. e. pregnant women.
a, b, d, e
Signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis most likely include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Steady, boring epigastric pain b. Hypoglycemia c. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels d. Leukocytosis
a, c, d
A patient who is at risk for peptic ulcer disease is one who: a. has been taking 6 to 8 tablets of acetaminophen per day for 3 weeks. b. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months. c. is experiencing chronic diarrhea. d. routinely drinks alcoholic beverages.
b
Barrett esophagus is a: a. gastrin secreting lesion. b. preneoplastic lesion. c. benign condition. d. gastrin-secreting tumor.
b
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of: a. pancreatitis. b. peptic ulcer disease. c. gastritis. d. dysphagia.
b
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion
b
Most gallstones are composed of: a. bile. b. cholesterol. c. calcium. d. uric acid salts.
b
The pain associated with acute pancreatitis is generally described as _____ in nature. a. sharp and constant b. steady and boring c. intermittent and burning d. intermittent and stabbing
b
Which of the following symptoms suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Flatus b. Heartburn c. Diarrhea d. Abdominal cramps
b
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Nausea b. Heartburn c. Diarrhea d. Abdominal cramps
b
Which of the following situations can contribute to development of peptic ulcer disease? (Select all that apply.) a. frequent use of acetaminophen. b. infection with Helicobacter Pylori. c. frequent use of ibuprofen. d. smoking
b, c, d
Which of the following situations contribute to the development of peptic ulcer disease? (Select all that apply.) a. frequent use of acetaminophen. b. infection with Helicobacter Pylori. c. frequent use of ibuprofen. d. smoking
b, c, d
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as _____ hepatitis B. a. recovered from b. immunity to c. chronic active d. acute
d
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with: a. hyperbilirubinemia. b. hyperuricemia. c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. d. increased blood ammonia levels.
d
Individuals diagnosed with celiac disease may suffer from which of the following disorders or conditions? a. Osteopenia. b. Failure to thrive. c. Anemia. d. Any of the above may be experienced by an individual with celiac disease.
d
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both.
d
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to: a. elevated bilirubin. b. diminished protein metabolism. c. fluid accumulation. d. portal hypertension.
d
The portion of the stomach that controls gastric emptying is the: a. fundus. b. body. c. antrum. d. pylorus.
d
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? a. Negative stool leukocytes b. Intermittent constipation c. Abdominal pain and distention d. Bloody stools
d
Acute right upper quadrant tenderness and guarding with a positive Murphy's sign is indicative of: a. appendicitis. b. peritonitis. c. cholecystitis. d. gastritis.
c
An early indicator of colon cancer is: a. rectal pain. b. bloody diarrhea. c. a change in bowel habits. d. jaundice.
c
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy. b. hepatic meningitis. c. kernicterus. d. encephalitis.
c
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of: a. gallbladder disease. b. appendicitis. c. pancreatitis. d. peritonitis.
c
Esophageal varices represent a complication of _____ hypertension. a. primary b. pregnancy-induced c. portal d. secondary
c
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to: a. hepatitis vaccine. b. feces. c. blood or semen. d. contaminated food.
c
Jaundice is a common manifestation of: a. malabsorption syndromes. b. anemia. c. liver disease. d. cholecystitis.
c
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. Nasal regurgitation and coughing b. Airway obstruction with swallowing c. Heartburn and chest pain during meals d. Coughing when swallowing
c
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Abdominal pain is generally not caused by cutting or crushing abdominal organs. b. Melena is an indication of blood in the stool. c. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome. d. Patients who have achalasia have difficulty in swallowing both solids and liquids.
c
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is: a. ascites. b. cerebral edema. c. hepatic encephalopathy. d. gastroesophageal varices.
d