PBL Histology Chapter 4 & 17
Which structural feature distinguishes between terminal and respiratory bronchioles? a. Alveoli b. Cilia c. Exocrine bronchiolar cells d. Mucous glands in lamina propria e. Smooth muscle
a
A 28-year-old man is diagnosed with a testicular germ cell tumor. The tumor is surgically removed and he begins chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. Bleomycin chemotherapy is known to affect the lung blood-air barrier. Which of the following best describes the structural site of those effects? a. Fused basal laminae of epithelial and endothelial cells b. Alveolar pores of Kohn c. Alveolar macrophages in interalveolar septa d. Type II pneumocytes linked by junctional complexes e. Smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary and bronchial arteries
a
A 42-year-old woman of Mediterranean descent presents with multiple oral blisters and a few cutaneous blisters on her back and buttocks. The superficial bullae are fragile, some have unroofed to form ulcerated lesions, and there is a positive Nikolsky sign. Blood tests reveal antibodies to a subfamily of cadherins and immunohistochemical staining of a biopsy from the oral mucosa shows distribution of the antigen throughout the epithelium. In what structures is the defect that is causing this patient's condition? a. Desmosomes b. Tight junctions c. Hemidesmosomes d. Gap junctions e. Reticular lamina
a
An 11-month-old girl is referred to a pediatric gastroenterology clinic due to a history of generalized weakness, slow growth, and refractory diarrhea. For the past month she has been hospitalized regularly to receive parenteral nutrition. Examination of the epithelium lining her small intestine confirms that the failure to absorb nutrients is most likely due to a significant decrease in which of the following? a. Microvilli b. Gap junctions c. Cilia d. Cell layers e. Basement membrane thickness
a
An individual genetically unable to synthesize normal occludin is likely to have epithelia with defective regulation in which of the following? a. Material crossing the epithelium between the cells (paracellular movement) b. Communication between the cells c. Attachment to the basement membrane d. Strong attachment to neighboring cells e. Movement of membrane proteins in the apical domains of cells
a
Functions of the basement membrane include which of the following? a. Contractility b. Molecular filtering c. Active ion transport d. Excitability e. Modification of secreted proteins
b
Which feature involved in protection of the respiratory tract is absent from the digestive tract? a. Goblet cells b. Cilia c. Lymphoid nodules d. Secretory IgA e. Tight junctions
b
Which of the following cellular features is used in naming types of epithelia? a. Shape of cells in the basal layer b. Number of cell layers c. Presence of a basal lamina d. Size of the nuclei e. Nature of the cell junctions that are present
b
Which of the following components increase(s) as a proportion of the respiratory tract wall from trachea to alveoli? a. Cilia b. Elastic fibers c. Smooth muscle d. Cartilage e. Goblet cells
b
Which of the following is true of pulmonary surfactant? a. Secreted by type I pneumocytes b. Forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase c. Prevents alveolar collapse by increasing surface tension d. Does not affect bacterial survival e. Is secreted by goblet cells
b
With a 5-year history of chronic respiratory infections, a 23-year-old, non-smoking man is referred to an otolaryngologist. A bronchial biopsy indicates altered structures in the epithelial cells. Which of the following, if altered to reduce function, is most likely involved in this patient's condition? a. Hemidesmosomes b. Cilia c. Basolateral cell membrane folds d. Microvilli e. Tight junctions
b
A teenage girl presents at the ER with paroxysms of dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Her parents indicate that she had these "attacks" during the past winter and that they have worsened and become more frequent during the spring. Which of the following cell types and their location is correctly matched to a function it may perform in this patient's disorder? a. Cilia in alveolar ducts, enhanced mucociliary transport b. Plasma cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), bronchoconstriction c. Eosinophils in BALT, bronchodilation d. Goblet cells in bronchioles, hyposecretion e. Mast cells in BALT, bronchoconstriction and edema
c
After 35 weeks of gestation, a 5 lb 5 oz girl is born to a 30-year-old gravid 2, para 2 (G2P2) woman. The infant has rapid and labored breathing that is viewed as transient tachypnea of the newborn. The infant's 1- and 5-min APGAR scores are 8 and 9, respectively. She has respiratory distress, with a normal pulse and no heart murmurs. She is transported to the neonatal intensive care unit with worsening tachypnea. In this infant which of the following is likely to be involved? a. Failure of the type I pneumocytes to form complete blood-air barriers b. Absence of elastic fibers from the bronchiolar walls and interalveolar septa c. Failure of type II pneumocytes to complete differentiation and become fully functional d. Failure of type II pneumocyte progenitors to proliferate adequately during gestation e. Inadequate development of the parietal and visceral pleura
c
Air moving rapidly across the vocal cords and causing them to vibrate and produce sound is contacting what type of epithelium? a. Pseudostratified ciliated b. Stratified squamous keratinized c. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized d. Simple squamous e. Simple cuboidal
c
An intermediate filament protein found in cytoplasm of most epithelial cells is which of the following? a. Actin b. Vimentin c. Laminin d. Myosin e. Keratin
c
Exocrine glands in which the acini all produce a secretion of heavily glycosylated, hydrophilic proteins are an example of which type of gland? a. Serous gland b. Mixed gland c. Mucous gland d. Tubuloacinar gland e. Simple gland
c
The release of lipid droplets from cells is which type of secretion? a. Merocrine b. Serous c. Apocrine d. Mucous e. Holocrine
c
Using immunohistochemistry a population of cells is shown to be positive for the protein connexin. From this we can infer that the cells are connected by what type of junction? a. Tight (occluding) junctions b. Zonula adherens c. Gap junctions d. Hemidesmosomes e. Desmosomes (macula adherens)
c
Which of the following features distinguishes a bronchus within a lung from the primary bronchi? a. Glands in the submucosa b. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium c. Smooth muscle in the wall d. Irregular plates of cartilage e. Goblet cells in the epithelium
d
The pulmonary (functional) and bronchial (nutritive) arterial systems enter the lungs separately at the hilus but anastomose into a single system at which level? a. Bronchi b. Larynx c. Terminal bronchioles d. Segmental bronchioles e. Respiratory bronchioles
e
