PE - Swimming

Asian Indians

'lean sinkers"; they have little fat and high percentage of bone and muscle in their physical make-up

1. timing with a stopwatch 2. recording it down 3. making sure that everything is valid

3 timekeepers for each lane

flutter kick

An alternating up and down kicking movement of the legs and feet used in the front and back crawl strokes.

Federation Internationale de Natation

FINA

dolphin kick

The kick used in the Butterfly stroke. The least efficient kick for treading water.

25 yards

USA Swimming; length in pool used for competition

whip kick

Used in breaststroke/elementary backstroke, legs are moved in circular motion, legs are completely underwater throughout kick.

Locomotion

achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body or both

catchphase recovery entry

arm phases

inspector of turns

assigned to each lane at each end of the pool; ensures swimmers comply with the relevant rules for turning and etc

chief timekeeper

assigns the seating positions for all time keepers and the lanes for which they are responsible

backstroke

back crawl/ upside down freestyle; advantage of easy breathing

competitive swimwear

built so that the wearer can swim faster and more efficiently

clerk of course

bullpen; assembles swimmers prior to each event; responsible for organizing ("seeding") swimmers into heats based on their time

survival floating

dead man float/ downproofing; lying on the prone (face down in water), minimal leg movement, and staying afloat with the natural buoyancy

saltwater

denser than fresh water; a swimmer would float slightly higher in ____

0.98

density of water

finish judges

determine the order of finish and make sure the swimmers finish in accordance with the rules

Jack Sieg

discovered dolphin fishtale kick

David Armbuster

discovered double arm recovery

John Trudgen

discovered trudgen

butterfly stroke

double arm recovery and dolphin fishtale kick

judges of strokes

each side of the pool, ensure that the rules related to the style of swimming designated for the event are being observed; assist the inspector of turns

Stone Age paintings (7000 years ago)

earliest records of swimming

dog paddle

face over water and paddling with alternate hands, often with the nose and mouth above the water; can be used in reverse to propel the body feet first

1. counter force 2. body type 3. water density

factors in density and floatation

front crawl

fastest style

Inuit

fat and round; makes them float well

sculling

figure 8 movement of the hands for forward motion or upward lift; used in surf lifesaving, water polo, synchronized swimming and treading water

breaststroke

first stroke to be discovered; slowest stroke

front crawl, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly

four main strokes used in competition and recreation swimming

dehydration/salt water aspiration syndrome

from prolonged exposure to hypertonic saltwater, inhaled saltwater creates foam in the lungs that restricts breathing

heats

generally seeded from lowest to fastest; swimmers with no previous time are assumed to be the slowest

women's swimsuits

generally skintight, covering pubic region and the breasts, may cover midriff

nose clips

generally used for synchronized swimming; prevent water from getting in the nose

referee

has full control and authority over all officials; takes overall responsibility for running the race and makes the final decision as to who wins the competition

starter

has full control of the swimmers from the time the referee turns the swimmers to him/her until the race commenses

jellyfish float

holding the ankles with the hands

panic

inexperienced swimmer or non swimmer becomes mentally overwhelmed by the circumstances; can kill though hyperventilation

swim caps

keep the body streamlined and protect the hair from chlorinated water; made up of cloth, latex or silicon

scissor kick

kick used in sidestroke; one leg moves in front of the body, while the other moves behind the body; the legs come together like the action when a scissors cuts paper

flutter, scissor, whip, dolphin, reverse back stroke

kicks

turtle float

knees are raised to the chest and encircled by the arms

recreation

largest reason for people swimming

20 - 50 meters

length of competition pools for FINA

sidestroke, trudgen

life-saving strokes

doggy paddle

mimics the strokes of quadruped animals

Dead sea

most famous body of water that consists self-saturated water

Richard Cavill

named front crawl to arm crawl

floating effect

natural buoyancy of the human body, with the relative density of the average body compared to water

sidestroke

on the side, pull the water as if with a rope with arms going out and stopping in the middle; legs perform a scissor kick (breaststroke kick but sideways)

catch up stroke

one arm always rests at the front while the other performs one cycle continue in use

seeding

organizing swimmers based on their time

diving, synchronised swimming, water polo and triathlon, modern pentathlon

other swimming and water related sporting disciplines

breaststroke

performed face down in the water without rotating the torso; arms stay in water and move synchronously, while the legs perform a whipkick

butterfly stroke

performed face down in the water; legs perform a dolphin kick and while the arms move in a forward circle at the same time

hypothermia

person loses critical temperature, leading to unconsciousness or heart failure

ear plugs

prevent water from getting in the ears

goggles

protect the eyes from chlorinated water, can improve underwater visibility

men's swimsuits

resemble shorts, or briefs; rarely skintight unlike jammers or diveskins

Swimming

self propulsion of a person through water or other liquid, for survival, recreation, sport, exercise or other reason

double trudgen crawl

similar to double trudgen, but with a flutter kick between the scissor kick alternate

dolphin crawl

similar to front crawl but with a dolphin kick. One kick per arm or two kicks per cycle; often used in training

trudgen, trudgeon

similar to front crawl, except it is swum with a scissor kick (similar to breaststroke)

back floating

similar to survival floating, but on the back

double trudgen

similar to the trudgen, but the sides of the scissor kick alternate

trudgen crawl

similar to the trudgen, but with the use of flutter kick between scissor kicks

Olympic Swimming

since 1896; current program contains events from 50m to 1500m in length, across all four main strokes and medley

elementary backstroke, roll-over, treading

survival strokes

treading water

swimmer is in the water head up and feet down; different kicks (e.g eggbeater kick) and hand movements are used to stay afloat

gliding

swimmer is stretched with the arms to the front, the head between the arms and the feet to the back

strokes

swimming styles used for different purposes, distinguish between classes on competitive swimming

timekeepers

takes the time of the swimmers in the lane assigned to him/her

swimming floats and boards

used for training or exercise purposes

water polo stroke

used for water polo and is similar to front crawl, but with the head above the water and a slightly inward curved arm to keep the ball between the arms and in front of the head

swimfins

used to elongate the kick and improve technique and speed; build upper cal muscles

pull buoy

used to keep the lower body afloat while exercising the upper body

kickboards

used to keep the upper body afloat while exercising the lower body

trudgen crawl, double trudgen, double trudgen crawl

variations of Trudgen styl

dolphin crawl, catch up stroke, water polo stroke

variations of front crawl

exhaustion

where person is unable to sustain efforts to swim or tread water, often leading to death through drowning