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The nurse is working with a preschool-age client in Bryant traction for a fractured femur. Why is the Oucher Scale useful to the nurse caring for this child? 1. It provides continuity and consistency in assessing and monitoring the child's pain. 2. It decreases anxiety in the child. 3. It increases the child's comfort level. 4. Itreduces the child's fear of painful procedures

1 Explanation: 1. Pain assessment scales are used to assess and monitor pain. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, nor can it increase the child's comfort level. The nurse can reduce anxiety or fear and increase the child's comfort level by implementing appropriate nursing interventions based on assessment scale data. 2. Pain assessment scales are used to assess and monitor pain. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, nor can it increase the child's comfort level. The nurse can reduce anxiety or fear and increase the child's comfort level by implementing appropriate nursing interventions based on assessment scale data. 3. Pain assessment scales are used to assess and monitor pain. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, nor can it increase the child's comfort level. The nurse can reduce anxiety or fear and increase the child's comfort level by implementing appropriate nursing interventions based on assessment scale data. 4. Pain assessment scales are used to assess and monitor pain. Using an assessment scale cannot reduce the child's anxiety or fear, nor can it increase the child's comfort level. The nurse can reduce anxiety or fear and increase the child's comfort level by implementing appropriate nursing interventions based on assessment scale data

The nurse is caring for a toddler client in the postoperative period. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for this client? 1. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale 2. FACES pain scale 3. Oucher scale 4. Poker-chip tool

1 Explanation: 1. The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot self-report pain. The FACES Scale, Oucher scale, and poker-chip tool are all self-report scales. 2. The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot self-report pain. The FACES Scale, Oucher scale, and poker-chip tool are all self-report scales. 3. The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot self-report pain. The FACES Scale, Oucher scale, and poker-chip tool are all self-report scales. 4. The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot self-report pain. The FACES Scale, Oucher scale, and poker-chip tool are all self-report scales.

The nurse is admitting a school-age Vietnamese client who hit a parked car while riding a bike. The child has a fracture of the left radius and femur in addition to a fractured orbit. The child is stoic and denies pain. Which nursing actions are most appropriate in this situation? Select all that apply. 1. Use the FLACC scale to determine the child's pain level. 2. Tell the child to ring the call bell if the leg starts hurting. 3. Administer pain medication now and continue on a regular basis. 4. Ask the child's parents to notify the nurse if the child complains of pain. 5. Use the NIPS scale to determine the child's pain level.

1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Based on the type of injuries the child has, pain will be present. Analgesics should be given on a scheduled basis so that the pain does not get out of control. The FLACC scale is the most appropriate tool to use with an 8-year-old. The child's stoic expression is likely to be culturally related, and the child may not admit hurting. While asking the parents to call the nurse is not inappropriate, it is not the most appropriate initial action. The NIPS scale is appropriate for a newborn, not a school-age, client. 2. Based on the type of injuries the child has, pain will be present. Analgesics should be given on a scheduled basis so that the pain does not get out of control. The FLACC scale is the most appropriate tool to use with an 8-year-old. The child's stoic expression is likely to be culturally related, and the child may not admit hurting. While asking the parents to call the nurse is not inappropriate, it is not the most appropriate initial action. The NIPS scale is appropriate for a newborn, not a school-age, client. 3. Based on the type of injuries the child has, pain will be present. Analgesics should be given on a scheduled basis so that the pain does not get out of control. The FLACC scale is the most appropriate tool to use with an 8-year-old. The child's stoic expression is likely to be culturally related, and the child may not admit hurting. While asking the parents to call the nurse is not inappropriate, it is not the most appropriate initial action. The NIPS scale is appropriate for a newborn, not a school-age, client. 4. Based on the type of injuries the child has, pain will be present. Analgesics should be given on a scheduled basis so that the pain does not get out of control. The FLACC scale is the most appropriate tool to use with an 8-year-old. The child's stoic expression is likely to be culturally related, and the child may not admit hurting. While asking the parents to call the nurse is not inappropriate, it is not the most appropriate initial action. The NIPS scale is appropriate for a newborn, not a school-age, client. 5. Based on the type of injuries the child has, pain will be present. Analgesics should be given on a scheduled basis so that the pain does not get out of control. The FLACC scale is the most appropriate tool to use with an 8-year-old. The child's stoic expression is likely to be culturally related, and the child may not admit hurting. While asking the parents to call the nurse is not inappropriate, it is not the most appropriate initial action. The NIPS scale is appropriate for a newborn, not a school-age, client.

A hospitalized toddler-age client needs to have an IV restarted. The child begins to cry when carried into the treatment room by the mother. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate? 1. Ineffective Individual Coping Related to an Invasive Procedure 2. Anxiety Related to Anticipated Painful Procedure 3. Fear Related to the Unfamiliar Environment 4. Knowledge Deficit of the Procedure

2 Explanation: 1. At this age, the child is not old enough to understand the need for an IV infusion. The stem indicates that the child has been through this painful procedure before, and his reaction to entering the treatment room is based on anticipation of repeat discomfort. The child's behavior is appropriate for a child of this age. 2. At this age, the child is not old enough to understand the need for an IV infusion. The stem indicates that the child has been through this painful procedure before, and his reaction to entering the treatment room is based on anticipation of repeat discomfort. The child's behavior is appropriate for a child of this age. 3. At this age, the child is not old enough to understand the need for an IV infusion. The stem indicates that the child has been through this painful procedure before, and his reaction to entering the treatment room is based on anticipation of repeat discomfort. The child's behavior is appropriate for a child of this age. 4. At this age, the child is not old enough to understand the need for an IV infusion. The stem indicates that the child has been through this painful procedure before, and his reaction to entering the treatment room is based on anticipation of repeat discomfort. The child's behavior is appropriate for a child of this age.

A school-age client is being discharged from the outpatient surgical center. Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for further teaching? 1. "I can expect my child to have some pain for the next few days." 2. "I will plan to give my child pain medicine around the clock for the next day or so." 3. "Since my child just had surgery today, I can expect the pain level to be higher tomorrow." 4. "I will call the office tomorrow if the pain medicine is not relieving the pain."

3 Explanation: 1. Increasing pain can be a sign of complication and should be reported to the physician; therefore, if the parent expects the pain to be higher the next day, the nurse should clarify expectations for pain control. The child is expected to have some pain for a few days after surgery and should receive pain medication on a scheduled basis. If prescribed medication is not relieving the pain to a satisfactory level, the physician should be notified. 2. Increasing pain can be a sign of complication and should be reported to the physician; therefore, if the parent expects the pain to be higher the next day, the nurse should clarify expectations for pain control. The child is expected to have some pain for a few days after surgery and should receive pain medication on a scheduled basis. If prescribed medication is not relieving the pain to a satisfactory level, the physician should be notified. 3. Increasing pain can be a sign of complication and should be reported to the physician; therefore, if the parent expects the pain to be higher the next day, the nurse should clarify expectations for pain control. The child is expected to have some pain for a few days after surgery and should receive pain medication on a scheduled basis. If prescribed medication is not relieving the pain to a satisfactory level, the physician should be notified. 4. Increasing pain can be a sign of complication and should be reported to the physician; therefore, if the parent expects the pain to be higher the next day, the nurse should clarify expectations for pain control. The child is expected to have some pain for a few days after surgery and should receive pain medication on a scheduled basis. If prescribed medication is not relieving the pain to a satisfactory level, the physician should be notified.

The hospital has just provided its nurses with information about biologic threats and terrorism. After completing the course, a group of nurses is discussing its responsibility in relation to bioterrorism. Which statement by the nurse indicates a correct understanding of the concepts presented? 1. "It is important to separate clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease." 2. "It is important to dispose blood-contaminated needles in the lead-lined container." 3. "I will notify the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) if a large number of persons with the same life-threatening infection present to the emergency room." 4. "I will initiate isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)."

3 Explanation: 1. The CDC must be contacted to investigate the source of serious infections and to determine if a bioterrorist threat exists. Separating clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease will do nothing to stop terrorism. Proper disposal of blood-contaminated needles in the sharps container and initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are appropriate nursing actions but do not relate to bioterrorism. 2. The CDC must be contacted to investigate the source of serious infections and to determine if a bioterrorist threat exists. Separating clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease will do nothing to stop terrorism. Proper disposal of blood-contaminated needles in the sharps container and initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are appropriate nursing actions but do not relate to bioterrorism. 3. The CDC must be contacted to investigate the source of serious infections and to determine if a bioterrorist threat exists. Separating clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease will do nothing to stop terrorism. Proper disposal of blood-contaminated needles in the sharps container and initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are appropriate nursing actions but do not relate to bioterrorism. 4. The CDC must be contacted to investigate the source of serious infections and to determine if a bioterrorist threat exists. Separating clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease will do nothing to stop terrorism. Proper disposal of blood-contaminated needles in the sharps container and initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are appropriate nursing actions but do not relate to bioterrorism.

A mother refuses to have her child be immunized with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine because she believes that letting her infant get these diseases will help him fight off other diseases later in life. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. Honor her request because she is the parent. 2. Explain that antibodies can fight many diseases. 3. Tell her that not immunizing her infant may protect pregnant women. 4. Explain that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, there could be very serious and permanent complications from these diseases.

4 Explanation: 1. Explaining that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, he could have very serious and permanent complications from these diseases is correct because measles, mumps, and rubella all have potentially serious sequelae, such as encephalitis, brain damage, and deafness. Honoring her request is not correct because the nurse has a professional duty to explain that the mother's belief about immunizations is erroneous and may result in harm to her infant. Explaining that antibodies can fight many diseases is not correct because the body makes antibodies that are specific to antigens of each disease. Antibodies for one disease cannot fight another disease. Telling her that not immunizing her infant may protect pregnant women is not correct because immunizing the infant with MMR vaccine will help protect pregnant women from contracting rubella by decreasing the transmission. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, her fetus can be severely damaged with congenital rubella syndrome. 2. Explaining that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, he could have very serious and permanent complications from these diseases is correct because measles, mumps, and rubella all have potentially serious sequelae, such as encephalitis, brain damage, and deafness. Honoring her request is not correct because the nurse has a professional duty to explain that the mother's belief about immunizations is erroneous and may result in harm to her infant. Explaining that antibodies can fight many diseases is not correct because the body makes antibodies that are specific to antigens of each disease. Antibodies for one disease cannot fight another disease. Telling her that not immunizing her infant may protect pregnant women is not correct because immunizing the infant with MMR vaccine will help protect pregnant women from contracting rubella by decreasing the transmission. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, her fetus can be severely damaged with congenital rubella syndrome. 3. Explaining that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, he could have very serious and permanent complications from these diseases is correct because measles, mumps, and rubella all have potentially serious sequelae, such as encephalitis, brain damage, and deafness. Honoring her request is not correct because the nurse has a professional duty to explain that the mother's belief about immunizations is erroneous and may result in harm to her infant. Explaining that antibodies can fight many diseases is not correct because the body makes antibodies that are specific to antigens of each disease. Antibodies for one disease cannot fight another disease. Telling her that not immunizing her infant may protect pregnant women is not correct because immunizing the infant with MMR vaccine will help protect pregnant women from contracting rubella by decreasing the transmission. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, her fetus can be severely damaged with congenital rubella syndrome.4. Explaining that if her child contracts measles, mumps, or rubella, he could have very serious and permanent complications from these diseases is correct because measles, mumps, and rubella all have potentially serious sequelae, such as encephalitis, brain damage, and deafness. Honoring her request is not correct because the nurse has a professional duty to explain that the mother's belief about immunizations is erroneous and may result in harm to her infant. Explaining that antibodies can fight many diseases is not correct because the body makes antibodies that are specific to antigens of each disease. Antibodies for one disease cannot fight another disease. Telling her that not immunizing her infant may protect pregnant women is not correct because immunizing the infant with MMR vaccine will help protect pregnant women from contracting rubella by decreasing the transmission. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, her fetus can be severely damaged with congenital rubella syndrome.

The nurse is caring for a child who has a long leg cast. The child complains of increasing pain in the toes of the casted foot. Which initial action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Call the healthcare provider to report increasing pain 2. Administer pain medication 3. Reposition the child in bed 4. Check to see if the cast is too tight

4 Explanation: 1. While all of the actions are appropriate, the nurse's initial action is to assess for external factors that might be causing pain. 2. While all of the actions are appropriate, the nurse's initial action is to assess for external factors that might be causing pain. 3. While all of the actions are appropriate, the nurse's initial action is to assess for external factors that might be causing pain. 4. While all of the actions are appropriate, the nurse's initial action is to assess for external factors that might be causing pain

A toddler is hospitalized with a fractured femur. In addition to pain medication, which will best provide pain relief for this child? 1. Parents' presence at the bedside 2. Age-appropriate toys 3. Deep-breathing exercises 4. Videos for the child to watch

: 1 Explanation: 1. Parents' presence at the bedside reduces anxiety and subsequently reduces pain. Although play and other methods of distraction might be somewhat effective, they do not equal the comfort that parents' presence provides, especially in a 2-year-old, who is also at high risk for separation anxiety. 2. Parents' presence at the bedside reduces anxiety and subsequently reduces pain. Although play and other methods of distraction might be somewhat effective, they do not equal the comfort that parents' presence provides, especially in a 2-year-old, who is also at high risk for separation anxiety. 3. Parents' presence at the bedside reduces anxiety and subsequently reduces pain. Although play and other methods of distraction might be somewhat effective, they do not equal the comfort that parents' presence provides, especially in a 2-year-old, who is also at high risk for separation anxiety. 4. Parents' presence at the bedside reduces anxiety and subsequently reduces pain. Although play and other methods of distraction might be somewhat effective, they do not equal the comfort that parents' presence provides, especially in a 2-year-old, who is also at high risk for separation anxiety.

The nurse prepares a DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis) immunization for a 6-month-old infant. To administer this injection safely, the nurse chooses which needle, size and length, injection type, and injection site? 1. 25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle; IM (intramuscular); anterolateral thigh. 2. 22-gauge, 1/2-inch needle; IM (intramuscular); ventrogluteal. 3. 25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle; ID (intradermal); deltoid. 4. 25-gauge, 3/4-inch needle; SQ (subcutaneous); anterolateral thigh

: 1 Explanation: 1. The dose of DTaP is 0.5 cc or 0.5 mL, to be given with a 22 to 25-gauge, 5/8- to 3/4-inch needle; IM (intramuscularly). The only safe intramuscular injection site for a 6-month-old infant is the anterolateral thigh. 2. The dose of DTaP is 0.5 cc or 0.5 mL, to be given with a 22 to 25-gauge, 5/8- to 3/4-inch needle; IM (intramuscularly). The only safe intramuscular injection site for a 6-month-old infant is the anterolateral thigh. 3. The dose of DTaP is 0.5 cc or 0.5 mL, to be given with a 22 to 25-gauge, 5/8- to 3/4-inch needle; IM (intramuscularly). The only safe intramuscular injection site for a 6-month-old infant is the anterolateral thigh. 4. The dose of DTaP is 0.5 cc or 0.5 mL, to be given with a 22 to 25-gauge, 5/8- to 3/4-inch needle; IM (intramuscularly). The only safe intramuscular injection site for a 6-month-old infant is the anterolateral thigh.

The adolescent is 6-hours postappendectomy and refuses pain medications. The nurse would like to walk the child in the hall but is concerned that the child has unrelieved pain. The nurse knows that unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences such as (Select all that apply.) 1. Atelectasis 2. Pneumonia 3. Ileus 4. Lethargy 5. Hypoactive bowel sounds

: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences, such as atelectasis. 2. Unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences, such as pneumonia. 3. Unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences, such as ileus. 4. Unrelieved pain does not cause lethargy. Unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences, such as alkalosis, decreased O2 saturation, atelectasis, retention of secretions, pneumonia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, increased intracranial pressure, change in sleep patterns, irritability, fluid and electrolyte losses, altered nutritional intake, hypoglycemia, increased risk of infection, delayed wound healing, impaired GI functioning, poor nutritional intake, ileus, hyperalgesia, decreased pain threshold, and exaggerated memory of painful experiences. 5. Unrelieved pain does not cause hypoactive bowel sounds. Unrelieved pain causes physiologic consequences, such as alkalosis, decreased O2saturation, atelectasis, retention of secretions, pneumonia, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, increased intracranial pressure, change in sleep patterns, irritability, fluid and electrolyte losses, altered nutritional intake, hypoglycemia, increased risk of infection, delayed wound healing, impaired GI functioning, poor nutritional intake, ileus, hyperalgesia, decreased pain threshold, and exaggerated memory of painful experiences

The preschool-age child has been back from surgery for removal of a Wilm's tumor for 6 hours, the nurse anticipates the preschooler will need pain medication very soon. The nurse is aware that the preschool-age child may not complain of pain because Select all that apply. 1. The preschooler cannot give a description of his pain. 2. The preschooler may assume the nurse knows he has pain. 3. The preschooler may be afraid it may hurt more to have the pain treated. 4. The preschooler believes he must be brave. 5. The preschooler uses sleeping to deal with pain.

: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. This is why the preschooler may not complain of pain. Children may not complain of pain for several reasons: young children cannot give a description of their pain because of a limited vocabulary or few pain experiences; some children believe they need to be brave and not worry their parents; preschoolers may assume the nurse knows they have pain, and some children are afraid that it will hurt more to have the pain treated. 2. This is why the preschooler may not complain of pain. Children may not complain of pain for several reasons: young children cannot give a description of their pain because of a limited vocabulary or few pain experiences; some children believe they need to be brave and not worry their parents; preschoolers may assume the nurse knows they have pain, and some children are afraid that it will hurt more to have the pain treated. 3. This is why the preschooler may not complain of pain. Children may not complain of pain for several reasons: young children cannot give a description of their pain because of a limited vocabulary or few pain experiences; some children believe they need to be brave and not worry their parents; preschoolers may assume the nurse knows they have pain, and some children are afraid that it will hurt more to have the pain treated. 4. This is why the preschooler may not complain of pain. Children may not complain of pain for several reasons: young children cannot give a description of their pain because of a limited vocabulary or few pain experiences; some children believe they need to be brave and not worry their parents; preschoolers may assume the nurse knows they have pain, and some children are afraid that it will hurt more to have the pain treated. 5. This is not why the preschooler may not complain of pain. Children may not complain of pain for several reasons: young children cannot give a description of their pain because of a limited vocabulary or few pain experiences; some children believe they need to be brave and not worry their parents; preschoolers may assume the nurse knows they have pain, and some children are afraid that it will hurt more to have the pain treated

A young school-age client is hospitalized with a fractured femur. Which assessment tools are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. 1. FACES pain scale 2. Oucher scale 3. Visual Analog Scale 4. CRIES Scale 5. Poker-chip tool

: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. A young school-age client should be able to use the FACES Scale and Oucher scale to choose which face best matches the child's pain level. The child should also be able to count and understand the concepts of the poker-chip tool. The CRIES Scale was developed for preterm and full-term neonates. A young school-age client is not old enough to use the Visual Analog Scale. 2. A young school-age client should be able to use the FACES Scale and Oucher scale to choose which face best matches the child's pain level. The child should also be able to count and understand the concepts of the poker-chip tool. The CRIES Scale was developed for preterm and full-term neonates. A young school-age client is not old enough to use the Visual Analog Scale. 3. A young school-age client should be able to use the FACES Scale and Oucher scale to choose which face best matches the child's pain level. The child should also be able to count and understand the concepts of the poker-chip tool. The CRIES Scale was developed for preterm and full-term neonates. A young school-age client is not old enough to use the Visual Analog Scale. 4. A young school-age client should be able to use the FACES Scale and Oucher scale to choose which face best matches the child's pain level. The child should also be able to count and understand the concepts of the poker-chip tool. The CRIES Scale was developed for preterm and full-term neonates. A young school-age client is not old enough to use the Visual Analog Scale. 5. A young school-age client should be able to use the FACES Scale and Oucher scale to choose which face best matches the child's pain level. The child should also be able to count and understand the concepts of the poker-chip tool. The CRIES Scale was developed for preterm and full-term neonates. A young school-age client is not old enough to use the Visual Analog Scale

A parent asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to reduce the pain that his 3-year-old experiences each morning when blood is drawn for lab studies. Which intervention would the nurse implement- based on the parent's concern? 1. Intravenous sedation 15 minutes prior to the procedure 2. EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) applied to skin at least one hour prior to the procedure 3. Use of guided imagery during the procedure 4. Use of muscle-relaxation techniques

: 2 Explanation: 1. Sedation is not generally used with quick minor procedures such as venipuncture. A 3-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure. 2. Sedation is not generally used with quick minor procedures such as venipuncture. A 3-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure. 3. Sedation is not generally used with quick minor procedures such as venipuncture. A 3-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure. 4. Sedation is not generally used with quick minor procedures such as venipuncture. A 3-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure.

The nurse is preparing to perform a heel stick on a neonate. Which complementary therapy is appropriate for the nurse to use decrease pain during this quick but painful procedure? 1. Swaddling 2. Sucrose pacifier 3. Massage 4. Holding the infant

: 2 Explanation: 1. Sucrose provides short-term natural pain relief and is most appropriate for use in neonates to decrease pain associated with a quick procedure. The other measures are more appropriate following the procedure or as an adjunct to pain medication for ongoing pain or distress. 2. Sucrose provides short-term natural pain relief and is most appropriate for use in neonates to decrease pain associated with a quick procedure. The other measures are more appropriate following the procedure or as an adjunct to pain medication for ongoing pain or distress. 3. Sucrose provides short-term natural pain relief and is most appropriate for use in neonates to decrease pain associated with a quick procedure. The other measures are more appropriate following the procedure or as an adjunct to pain medication for ongoing pain or distress. 4. Sucrose provides short-term natural pain relief and is most appropriate for use in neonates to decrease pain associated with a quick procedure. The other measures are more appropriate following the procedure or as an adjunct to pain medication for ongoing pain or distress.

) A toddler client with a fever is prescribed amoxicillin clavulanate 250 mg/5 cc three times daily by mouth × 10 days for otitis media. Which teaching point will guard against antibiotic resistance to the disease process? 1. Administer a loading dose for the first dose. 2. Measure the prescribed dose in a household teaspoon. 3. Give the antibiotic for the full 10 days. 4. Stop the antibiotic if the child is afebrile

: 3 Explanation: 1. Antibiotics must be administered for the full number of days ordered to prevent mutation of resistant strains of bacteria. A loading dose was not ordered. A household teaspoon may contain less than 5 cc, and the full dose must be given. Stopping the antibiotic before the prescribed time will permit remaining bacteria to reproduce, and the otitis media will return, possibly with antibiotic-resistant organisms. The absence of a fever is not an indication that all bacteria are killed or not reproducing. 2. Antibiotics must be administered for the full number of days ordered to prevent mutation of resistant strains of bacteria. A loading dose was not ordered. A household teaspoon may contain less than 5 cc, and the full dose must be given. Stopping the antibiotic before the prescribed time will permit remaining bacteria to reproduce, and the otitis media will return, possibly with antibiotic-resistant organisms. The absence of a fever is not an indication that all bacteria are killed or not reproducing. 3. Antibiotics must be administered for the full number of days ordered to prevent mutation of resistant strains of bacteria. A loading dose was not ordered. A household teaspoon may contain less than 5 cc, and the full dose must be given. Stopping the antibiotic before the prescribed time will permit remaining bacteria to reproduce, and the otitis media will return, possibly with antibiotic-resistant organisms. The absence of a fever is not an indication that all bacteria are killed or not reproducing. 4. Antibiotics must be administered for the full number of days ordered to prevent mutation of resistant strains of bacteria. A loading dose was not ordered. A household teaspoon may contain less than 5 cc, and the full dose must be given. Stopping the antibiotic before the prescribed time will permit remaining bacteria to reproduce, and the otitis media will return, possibly with antibiotic-resistant organisms. The absence of a fever is not an indication that all bacteria are killed or not reproducing.

1) A nurse is providing information to a group of new mothers. Which statement best explains why newborns and young infants are more susceptible to infection? 1. "They have high levels of maternal antibodies to diseases to which the mother has been exposed." 2. "They have passive transplacental immunity from maternal immunoglobulin G." 3. "They have immune systems that are not fully mature at birth." 4. "They have been exposed to microorganisms during the birth process."

: 3 Explanation: 1. Newborns have a limited storage pool of neutrophils and plasma proteins to defend against infection. Newborns' and young infants' high levels of maternal antibodies, passive transplacental immunity, and exposure to microorganisms during the birth process are all true but are incorrect answers because they do not explain the susceptibility of newborns and young infants to infection. 2. Newborns have a limited storage pool of neutrophils and plasma proteins to defend against infection. Newborns' and young infants' high levels of maternal antibodies, passive transplacental immunity, and exposure to microorganisms during the birth process are all true but are incorrect answers because they do not explain the susceptibility of newborns and young infants to infection. 3. Newborns have a limited storage pool of neutrophils and plasma proteins to defend against infection. Newborns' and young infants' high levels of maternal antibodies, passive transplacental immunity, and exposure to microorganisms during the birth process are all true but are incorrect answers because they do not explain the susceptibility of newborns and young infants to infection. 4. Newborns have a limited storage pool of neutrophils and plasma proteins to defend against infection. Newborns' and young infants' high levels of maternal antibodies, passive transplacental immunity, and exposure to microorganisms during the birth process are all true but are incorrect answers because they do not explain the susceptibility of newborns and young infants to infection.

) The nurse is discussing ways to treat fever in the home environment to a group of parents in the community. Which statement is appropriate for the nurse to include in the presentation? 1. "Ibuprofen is the only effective means to reduce fever." 2. "If the child requires more than one dose of acetaminophen antibiotics are needed." 3. "Purchase a new bottle of acetaminophen for your newborn because it will have recommended medication concentration." 4. "It is not necessary to follow the recommendations on the bottle of ibuprofen as this will not prevent an overdose for your child

: 3 Explanation: 1. The recommendation to purchase a new bottle of acetaminophen due to recommended medication concentrations is an appropriate statement for the nurse to include in the teaching session. The other statements are inaccurate or inappropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching session. 2. The recommendation to purchase a new bottle of acetaminophen due to recommended medication concentrations is an appropriate statement for the nurse to include in the teaching session. The other statements are inaccurate or inappropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching session. 3. The recommendation to purchase a new bottle of acetaminophen due to recommended medication concentrations is an appropriate statement for the nurse to include in the teaching session. The other statements are inaccurate or inappropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching session. 4. The recommendation to purchase a new bottle of acetaminophen due to recommended medication concentrations is an appropriate statement for the nurse to include in the teaching session. The other statements are inaccurate or inappropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching session.

The nurse is caring for a child who has been sedated for a painful procedure. Which nursing activity is the priority for this child? 1. Allow parents to stay with the child. 2. Monitor pulse oximetry. 3. Assess the child's respiratory effort. 4. Place the child on a cardiac monitor

: 3 Explanation: 1. When the child is sedated for a procedure, it is very important for the nurse to actually visualize the child and his effort of breathing. Although equipment is important and is used routinely during sedation, it does not replace the need for visual assessment. Parents may be allowed to stay with the child, but assessment of breathing effort must take priority. 2. When the child is sedated for a procedure, it is very important for the nurse to actually visualize the child and his effort of breathing. Although equipment is important and is used routinely during sedation, it does not replace the need for visual assessment. Parents may be allowed to stay with the child, but assessment of breathing effort must take priority. 3. When the child is sedated for a procedure, it is very important for the nurse to actually visualize the child and his effort of breathing. Although equipment is important and is used routinely during sedation, it does not replace the need for visual assessment. Parents may be allowed to stay with the child, but assessment of breathing effort must take priority. 4. When the child is sedated for a procedure, it is very important for the nurse to actually visualize the child and his effort of breathing. Although equipment is important and is used routinely during sedation, it does not replace the need for visual assessment. Parents may be allowed to stay with the child, but assessment of breathing effort must take priority

) A parent reports that her school-age child, who has had all recommended immunizations, had a mild fever one week ago and now has bright red cheeks and a lacy red maculopapular rash on the trunk and arms. Which disease process does the nurse suspect based on the parent's description? 1. Chicken pox (varicella) 2. German measles (rubella) 3. Roseola (exanthem subitum) 4. Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum

: 4 Explanation: 1. Fifth disease manifests first with a flulike illness, followed by a red "slapped-cheek" sign. Then a lacy maculopapular erythematous rash spreads symmetrically from the trunk to the extremities, sparing the soles and palms. Varicella (chicken pox) and rubella (German measles) are unlikely if the child has had all recommended immunizations. The rash of varicella progresses from papules to vesicles to pustules. The rash of rubella is a pink maculopapular rash that begins on the face and progresses downward to the trunk and extremities. Roseola typically occurs in infants and begins abruptly with a high fever followed by a pale pink rash starting on the trunk and spreading to the face, neck, and extremities. 2. Fifth disease manifests first with a flulike illness, followed by a red "slapped-cheek" sign. Then a lacy maculopapular erythematous rash spreads symmetrically from the trunk to the extremities, sparing the soles and palms. Varicella (chicken pox) and rubella (German measles) are unlikely if the child has had all recommended immunizations. The rash of varicella progresses from papules to vesicles to pustules. The rash of rubella is a pink maculopapular rash that begins on the face and progresses downward to the trunk and extremities. Roseola typically occurs in infants and begins abruptly with a high fever followed by a pale pink rash starting on the trunk and spreading to the face, neck, and extremities. 3. Fifth disease manifests first with a flulike illness, followed by a red "slapped-cheek" sign. Then a lacy maculopapular erythematous rash spreads symmetrically from the trunk to the extremities, sparing the soles and palms. Varicella (chicken pox) and rubella (German measles) are unlikely if the child has had all recommended immunizations. The rash of varicella progresses from papules to vesicles to pustules. The rash of rubella is a pink maculopapular rash that begins on the face and progresses downward to the trunk and extremities. Roseola typically occurs in infants and begins abruptly with a high fever followed by a pale pink rash starting on the trunk and spreading to the face, neck, and extremities. 4. Fifth disease manifests first with a flulike illness, followed by a red "slapped-cheek" sign. Then a lacy maculopapular erythematous rash spreads symmetrically from the trunk to the extremities, sparing the soles and palms. Varicella (chicken pox) and rubella (German measles) are unlikely if the child has had all recommended immunizations. The rash of varicella progresses from papules to vesicles to pustules. The rash of rubella is a pink maculopapular rash that begins on the face and progresses downward to the trunk and extremities. Roseola typically occurs in infants and begins abruptly with a high fever followed by a pale pink rash starting on the trunk and spreading to the face, neck, and extremities

The nurse prepares the second diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) and second inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) immunization injections for an infant who is 4 months old. The nurse may also give which of immunizations during the same well-child-care appointment? 1. Var (varicella) 2. TIV (influenza) 3. MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) 4. Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB)

: 4 Explanation: 1. Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB) vaccine is given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age (four doses). None of the other vaccines can be given to a 4-month-old infant. Influenza (TIV) vaccine may be given yearly to infants between 6 months and 3 years of age. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age (two doses). Varicella (Var) is given at 12 to 18 months or any time up to 12 years for one dose; for 13 years and older two doses are given, 4 to 8 weeks apart. 2. Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB) vaccine is given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age (four doses). None of the other vaccines can be given to a 4-month-old infant. Influenza (TIV) vaccine may be given yearly to infants between 6 months and 3 years of age. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age (two doses). Varicella (Var) is given at 12 to 18 months or any time up to 12 years for one dose; for 13 years and older two doses are given, 4 to 8 weeks apart. 3. Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB) vaccine is given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age (four doses). None of the other vaccines can be given to a 4-month-old infant. Influenza (TIV) vaccine may be given yearly to infants between 6 months and 3 years of age. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age (two doses). Varicella (Var) is given at 12 to 18 months or any time up to 12 years for one dose; for 13 years and older two doses are given, 4 to 8 weeks apart. 4. Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB) vaccine is given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age (four doses). None of the other vaccines can be given to a 4-month-old infant. Influenza (TIV) vaccine may be given yearly to infants between 6 months and 3 years of age. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months and 4 to 6 years of age (two doses). Varicella (Var) is given at 12 to 18 months or any time up to 12 years for one dose; for 13 years and older two doses are given, 4 to 8 weeks apart

The nurse is working in a pediatric surgical unit. In discussing patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in a preoperative parental meeting, which client would be a candidate for PCA? 1. Developmentally delayed 16-year-old, postoperative bone surgery 2. A 5-year-old, postoperative tonsillectomy 3. A 10-year-old who has a fractured femur and concussion from a bike accident 4. A 12-year-old, postoperative spinal fusion for scoliosis

: 4 Explanation: 1. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most appropriate in children 5 years and over. The child must be able to press the button and understand that she will receive pain medicine by pushing the button. PCA is generally prescribed for clients who will be hospitalized for at least 48 hours. Children who are developmentally delayed or have suffered head trauma are not candidates for PCA. 2. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most appropriate in children 5 years and over. The child must be able to press the button and understand that she will receive pain medicine by pushing the button. PCA is generally prescribed for clients who will be hospitalized for at least 48 hours. Children who are developmentally delayed or have suffered head trauma are not candidates for PCA. 3. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most appropriate in children 5 years and over. The child must be able to press the button and understand that she will receive pain medicine by pushing the button. PCA is generally prescribed for clients who will be hospitalized for at least 48 hours. Children who are developmentally delayed or have suffered head trauma are not candidates for PCA. 4. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most appropriate in children 5 years and over. The child must be able to press the button and understand that she will receive pain medicine by pushing the button. PCA is generally prescribed for clients who will be hospitalized for at least 48 hours. Children who are developmentally delayed or have suffered head trauma are not candidates for PCA.

A school-age client has been receiving morphine every two hours for postoperative pain as ordered. The medication relieves the pain for approximately 90 minutes, and then the pain returns. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Tell the child that pain medication cannot be administered more frequently than every two hours. 2. Reposition the child and quietly leave the room. 3. Inform the parents that the child is dependent on the medication. 4. Call the healthcare provider to see if the child's orders for pain medication can be changed.

: 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse has the responsibility of relieving the child's pain. The child has been receiving the prescribed medication on a regular basis. The healthcare provider should be called to see if the child's orders can be changed. This child might do well with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Oral medications such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be given with morphine to provide optimum pain relief. 2. The nurse has the responsibility of relieving the child's pain. The child has been receiving the prescribed medication on a regular basis. The healthcare provider should be called to see if the child's orders can be changed. This child might do well with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Oral medications such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be given with morphine to provide optimum pain relief. 3. The nurse has the responsibility of relieving the child's pain. The child has been receiving the prescribed medication on a regular basis. The healthcare provider should be called to see if the child's orders can be changed. This child might do well with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Oral medications such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be given with morphine to provide optimum pain relief. 4. The nurse has the responsibility of relieving the child's pain. The child has been receiving the prescribed medication on a regular basis. The healthcare provider should be called to see if the child's orders can be changed. This child might do well with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Oral medications such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be given with morphine to provide optimum pain relief.

The adolescent is admitted to the hospital in sickle cell crisis with a pain level of 10/10. The physician orders: Morphine sulfate 5 mg IV q 2 hr prn Medication on hand: morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL Calculate how many ml of morphine sulfate will be given IV.

Answer: 0.5 mL Explanation: 0.5 mL

A nurse is caring for a visually impaired 20-month-old who has not begun to walk. Which nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate for this client? 1. Delayed growth and development 2. Impaired physical mobility 3. Self-care deficit 4. Impaired home maintenance

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A 20-month-old child who is not walking is delayed in growth and development. The child's mobility is not due to a physiological problem, so impaired mobility is not appropriate. Self-care deficit does not apply to this age of child. There is not enough data to determine if home maintenance is impaired. 2. A 20-month-old child who is not walking is delayed in growth and development. The child's mobility is not due to a physiological problem, so impaired mobility is not appropriate. Self-care deficit does not apply to this age of child. There is not enough data to determine if home maintenance is impaired. 3. A 20-month-old child who is not walking is delayed in growth and development. The child's mobility is not due to a physiological problem, so impaired mobility is not appropriate. Self-care deficit does not apply to this age of child. There is not enough data to determine if home maintenance is impaired. 4. A 20-month-old child who is not walking is delayed in growth and development. The child's mobility is not due to a physiological problem, so impaired mobility is not appropriate. Self-care deficit does not apply to this age of child. There is not enough data to determine if home maintenance is impaired.

Which legal or ethical offense would be committed if a nurse tells family members the condition of a newborn baby without first consulting the parents? 1. A breach of privacy 2. Negligence 3. Malpractice 4. A breach of ethics

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A breach of privacy would have been committed in this situation, because it violates the right to privacy of this family. The right to privacy is the right of a person to keep his or her person and property free from public scrutiny, including other family members. Negligence and malpractice are punishable legal offenses and are more serious. A breach of ethics would not apply to this situation. 2. A breach of privacy would have been committed in this situation, because it violates the right to privacy of this family. The right to privacy is the right of a person to keep his or her person and property free from public scrutiny, including other family members. Negligence and malpractice are punishable legal offenses and are more serious. A breach of ethics would not apply to this situation. 3. A breach of privacy would have been committed in this situation, because it violates the right to privacy of this family. The right to privacy is the right of a person to keep his or her person and property free from public scrutiny, including other family members. Negligence and malpractice are punishable legal offenses and are more serious. A breach of ethics would not apply to this situation. 4. A breach of privacy would have been committed in this situation, because it violates the right to privacy of this family. The right to privacy is the right of a person to keep his or her person and property free from public scrutiny, including other family members. Negligence and malpractice are punishable legal offenses and are more serious. A breach of ethics would not apply to this situation.

The nurse is planning a class for school-age children on prevention of obesity through exercise. It is important to encourage the children to exercise a minimum of how many minutes a day to meet current recommendations? 1. 20 minutes 2. 30 minutes 3. 60 minutes 4. 90 minutes

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The current recommendation is 60 minutes of exercise daily. 2. The current recommendation is 60 minutes of exercise daily. 3. The current recommendation is 60 minutes of exercise daily. 4. The current recommendation is 60 minutes of exercise daily.

The school nurse completes an assessment of a school-age client to determine the services this child will need in the classroom. The client is a newly diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus. Based on this information, which special healthcare need category is the most appropriate? 1. Dependent on medication or special diet 2. Dependent on medical technology 3. Increase use of healthcare services 4. Functional limitations

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A child recently diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus with no other medical diagnoses would be placed in the dependent on medication or special diet category. The other categories of care are not appropriate for this client. 2. A child recently diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus with no other medical diagnoses would be placed in the dependent on medication or special diet category. The other categories of care are not appropriate for this client. 3. A child recently diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus with no other medical diagnoses would be placed in the dependent on medication or special diet category. The other categories of care are not appropriate for this client. 4. A child recently diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus with no other medical diagnoses would be placed in the dependent on medication or special diet category. The other categories of care are not appropriate for this client.

While assessing the development of a 9-month-old infant, the nurse asks the mother if the child actively looks for toys when they are placed out of sight. Which developmental task is the nurse assessing this infant for? 1. Object permanence 2. Centration 3. Transductive reasoning 4. Conservation

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A child who has developed object permanence has the ability to understand that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. In centration, a child focuses only on a particular aspect of a situation. Transductive reasoning happens when a child connects two events in a cause-effect relationship because they have occurred at the same time. Conservation describes when a child knows that matter is not changed when its form is altered. 2. A child who has developed object permanence has the ability to understand that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. In centration, a child focuses only on a particular aspect of a situation. Transductive reasoning happens when a child connects two events in a cause-effect relationship because they have occurred at the same time. Conservation describes when a child knows that matter is not changed when its form is altered. 3. A child who has developed object permanence has the ability to understand that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. In centration, a child focuses only on a particular aspect of a situation. Transductive reasoning happens when a child connects two events in a cause-effect relationship because they have occurred at the same time. Conservation describes when a child knows that matter is not changed when its form is altered. 4. A child who has developed object permanence has the ability to understand that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. In centration, a child focuses only on a particular aspect of a situation. Transductive reasoning happens when a child connects two events in a cause-effect relationship because they have occurred at the same time. Conservation describes when a child knows that matter is not changed when its form is altered.

A nurse is planning care for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which nursing diagnosis is the highest priority for this child? 1. Risk for Infection 2. Risk for Fluid-Volume Deficit 3. Ineffective Thermoregulation 4. Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Peripheral

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A child with HIV is at risk for a myriad of bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections because of the effect of the virus on the immune system. Risk for Fluid-Volume Deficit, Ineffective Thermoregulation, and Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Peripheral would not be priority problems with this disease process. 2. A child with HIV is at risk for a myriad of bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections because of the effect of the virus on the immune system. Risk for Fluid-Volume Deficit, Ineffective Thermoregulation, and Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Peripheral would not be priority problems with this disease process. 3. A child with HIV is at risk for a myriad of bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections because of the effect of the virus on the immune system. Risk for Fluid-Volume Deficit, Ineffective Thermoregulation, and Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Peripheral would not be priority problems with this disease process. 4. A child with HIV is at risk for a myriad of bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections because of the effect of the virus on the immune system. Risk for Fluid-Volume Deficit, Ineffective Thermoregulation, and Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Peripheral would not be priority problems with this disease process

A nurse is planning care for a child with hyponatremia. The nurse, delegating care of this child to a new RN on the pediatric unit, cautions the new nurse to be especially alert for which condition in the child? 1. Seizures 2. Bradycardia 3. Respiratory distress 4. Hyperthermia

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A child with hyponatremia is at risk for seizures. Bradycardia, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyponatremia. 2. A child with hyponatremia is at risk for seizures. Bradycardia, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyponatremia. 3. A child with hyponatremia is at risk for seizures. Bradycardia, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyponatremia. 4. A child with hyponatremia is at risk for seizures. Bradycardia, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyponatremia. Page Ref: 423

When conducting a health history on a late school-age client, what would the nurse document as a dysmorphic feature? 1. A repaired cleft palate 2. A 10 percent burn to the face 3. A severed finger 4. A flat anterior fontanel

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A dysmorphic feature was present at birth. A cleft palate, even though repaired, would be included in a health history as a dysmorphic feature. The burns and a severed digit were not present at birth, and would not be considered dysmorphic. A soft fontanel would be considered normal. 2. A dysmorphic feature was present at birth. A cleft palate, even though repaired, would be included in a health history as a dysmorphic feature. The burns and a severed digit were not present at birth, and would not be considered dysmorphic. A soft fontanel would be considered normal. 3. A dysmorphic feature was present at birth. A cleft palate, even though repaired, would be included in a health history as a dysmorphic feature. The burns and a severed digit were not present at birth, and would not be considered dysmorphic. A soft fontanel would be considered normal. 4. A dysmorphic feature was present at birth. A cleft palate, even though repaired, would be included in a health history as a dysmorphic feature. The burns and a severed digit were not present at birth, and would not be considered dysmorphic. A soft fontanel would be considered normal.

A family with a child who had a cleft lip and palate at birth are planning another pregnancy. What intervention should be recommended prior to conception? 1. A genetic family history 2. A family pedigree 3. A genetic physical assessment 4. A maternal health history

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A genetic family history is recommended when there is history of a congenital anomaly, such as cleft lip and palate. A pedigree is a more comprehensive family history, and could follow a genetic family history if needed. The previous anomaly is already known, so a genetic history would be recommended over a genetic physical assessment. A maternal health history is not comprehensive enough for this case. 2. A genetic family history is recommended when there is history of a congenital anomaly, such as cleft lip and palate. A pedigree is a more comprehensive family history, and could follow a genetic family history if needed. The previous anomaly is already known, so a genetic history would be recommended over a genetic physical assessment. A maternal health history is not comprehensive enough for this case. 3. A genetic family history is recommended when there is history of a congenital anomaly, such as cleft lip and palate. A pedigree is a more comprehensive family history, and could follow a genetic family history if needed. The previous anomaly is already known, so a genetic history would be recommended over a genetic physical assessment. A maternal health history is not comprehensive enough for this case. 4. A genetic family history is recommended when there is history of a congenital anomaly, such as cleft lip and palate. A pedigree is a more comprehensive family history, and could follow a genetic family history if needed. The previous anomaly is already known, so a genetic history would be recommended over a genetic physical assessment. A maternal health history is not comprehensive enough for this case

A toddler-age client is in end-stage renal failure. Which nursing intervention will assist this child most? 1. Maintain the child's normal routines. 2. Explain body changes that will take place. 3. Encourage friends to visit. 4. Allow the child to talk about the illness.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. A toddler has no real concept of death, but does sense changes in routine and parent behavior. Maintaining normal routines is the best intervention to assist this child. A toddler will not understand the body changes; this approach would be more appropriate for a school-age child. Encouraging friends to visit and allowing the child to talk about the illness are more appropriate for older children. 2. A toddler has no real concept of death, but does sense changes in routine and parent behavior. Maintaining normal routines is the best intervention to assist this child. A toddler will not understand the body changes; this approach would be more appropriate for a school-age child. Encouraging friends to visit and allowing the child to talk about the illness are more appropriate for older children. 3. A toddler has no real concept of death, but does sense changes in routine and parent behavior. Maintaining normal routines is the best intervention to assist this child. A toddler will not understand the body changes; this approach would be more appropriate for a school-age child. Encouraging friends to visit and allowing the child to talk about the illness are more appropriate for older children. 4. A toddler has no real concept of death, but does sense changes in routine and parent behavior. Maintaining normal routines is the best intervention to assist this child. A toddler will not understand the body changes; this approach would be more appropriate for a school-age child. Encouraging friends to visit and allowing the child to talk about the illness are more appropriate for older children.

) Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for an infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? 1. Activity Intolerance 2. Decreased Cardiac Output 3. Pain, Acute 4. Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective (peripheral)

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory-disease process. 2. Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory-disease process. 3. Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory-disease process. 4. Activity intolerance is a problem because of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Cardiac output is not compromised during an acute phase of bronchiolitis. Pain is not usually associated with acute bronchiolitis. Tissue perfusion (peripheral) is not affected by this respiratory-disease process.

The nurse is working with an adolescent client who will be admitted to the hospital in two days. Which nursing approach is most appropriate to prepare this client for hospitalization? 1. Have teens who have had similar experiences talk to the adolescent about hospitalization. 2. Provide an opportunity for the child to talk with an adult who has had a similar experience. 3. Teach parents what to expect so the information can be shared with the adolescent. 4. Provide an opportunity for the teen to try on surgical attire.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Adolescents benefit from a different approach than younger children when being prepared for hospitalization. Written materials, anatomically correct dolls, and talking to peers who have had similar experiences are all appropriate for the adolescent. The adolescent should be taught first-hand what to expect during the hospitalization. Dressing up in surgical attire is appropriate for the younger child. 2. Adolescents benefit from a different approach than younger children when being prepared for hospitalization. Written materials, anatomically correct dolls, and talking to peers who have had similar experiences are all appropriate for the adolescent. The adolescent should be taught first-hand what to expect during the hospitalization. Dressing up in surgical attire is appropriate for the younger child. 3. Adolescents benefit from a different approach than younger children when being prepared for hospitalization. Written materials, anatomically correct dolls, and talking to peers who have had similar experiences are all appropriate for the adolescent. The adolescent should be taught first-hand what to expect during the hospitalization. Dressing up in surgical attire is appropriate for the younger child. 4. Adolescents benefit from a different approach than younger children when being prepared for hospitalization. Written materials, anatomically correct dolls, and talking to peers who have had similar experiences are all appropriate for the adolescent. The adolescent should be taught first-hand what to expect during the hospitalization. Dressing up in surgical attire is appropriate for the younger child.

The nurse is working with a school-age child who is hospitalized. Which action by the nurse will promote a sense of industry in this child? 1. Allow the child to assist with her care. 2. Encourage parents to participate in the child's care. 3. Give the child a detailed scientific explanation of the illness. 4. Speak to the child in a high-pitched voice.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Allowing the child to participate in her care will decrease the sense of loss of control and increase a sense of industry. While parents can certainly participate in their child's care, it does not increase the child's sense of control. School-age children in general will not understand detailed scientific explanations. Change in voice tone is appropriate when talking to very young children. 2. Allowing the child to participate in her care will decrease the sense of loss of control and increase a sense of industry. While parents can certainly participate in their child's care, it does not increase the child's sense of control. School-age children in general will not understand detailed scientific explanations. Change in voice tone is appropriate when talking to very young children. 3. Allowing the child to participate in her care will decrease the sense of loss of control and increase a sense of industry. While parents can certainly participate in their child's care, it does not increase the child's sense of control. School-age children in general will not understand detailed scientific explanations. Change in voice tone is appropriate when talking to very young children. 4. Allowing the child to participate in her care will decrease the sense of loss of control and increase a sense of industry. While parents can certainly participate in their child's care, it does not increase the child's sense of control. School-age children in general will not understand detailed scientific explanations. Change in voice tone is appropriate when talking to very young children.

The nurse is measuring an abdominal girth on a child with abdominal distension. Identify the area on the child's abdomen where the tape measure should be placed for an accurate abdominal girth. 1. Just above the umbilicus, around the largest circumference of the abdomen 2. Below the umbilicus 3. Just below the sternum 4. Just above the pubic bone

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. An abdominal girth should be taken around the largest circumference of the abdomen, in this case, just above the umbilicus. The circumference below the umbilicus or just below the sternum would not be an accurate abdominal girth. 2. An abdominal girth should be taken around the largest circumference of the abdomen, in this case, just above the umbilicus. The circumference below the umbilicus or just below the sternum would not be an accurate abdominal girth. 3. An abdominal girth should be taken around the largest circumference of the abdomen, in this case, just above the umbilicus. The circumference below the umbilicus or just below the sternum would not be an accurate abdominal girth. 4. An abdominal girth should be taken around the largest circumference of the abdomen, in this case, just above the umbilicus. The circumference below the umbilicus or just below the sternum would not be an accurate abdominal girth.

An adolescent client has a long leg cast secondary to a fractured femur. Which action by the nurse would effectively facilitate the adolescent's return to school? 1. Meet with teachers and administrators at the school to make sure entrances and classrooms are wheelchair accessible. 2. Develop an individualized health plan (IHP) that focuses on long-term needs of the adolescent. 3. Prior to the student's return to school, meet with all of the other students to emphasize the special needs of the injured teen. 4. Meet with parents of the injured student to encourage homebound schooling until a short leg cast is applied.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. An adolescent with a long leg cast secondary to a fractured femur will be dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. It is essential that the environment be wheelchair accessible prior to the adolescent's return to school. While an IHP might be developed, short-term needs would be the focus. It is not necessary to meet all of the students to discuss the adolescent's needs. There is no reason to encourage the adolescent to stay at home for schooling if he is ready to return. 2. An adolescent with a long leg cast secondary to a fractured femur will be dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. It is essential that the environment be wheelchair accessible prior to the adolescent's return to school. While an IHP might be developed, short-term needs would be the focus. It is not necessary to meet all of the students to discuss the adolescent's needs. There is no reason to encourage the adolescent to stay at home for schooling if he is ready to return. 3. An adolescent with a long leg cast secondary to a fractured femur will be dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. It is essential that the environment be wheelchair accessible prior to the adolescent's return to school. While an IHP might be developed, short-term needs would be the focus. It is not necessary to meet all of the students to discuss the adolescent's needs. There is no reason to encourage the adolescent to stay at home for schooling if he is ready to return. 4. An adolescent with a long leg cast secondary to a fractured femur will be dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. It is essential that the environment be wheelchair accessible prior to the adolescent's return to school. While an IHP might be developed, short-term needs would be the focus. It is not necessary to meet all of the students to discuss the adolescent's needs. There is no reason to encourage the adolescent to stay at home for schooling if he is ready to return.

A mother of a 2-year-old child becomes very anxious when the child has a temper tantrum in the medical office. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "What do you usually do or say during a temper tantrum?" 2. "Let's ignore this behavior; it will stop sooner or later." 3. "Pick up and cuddle your child now, please." 4. "This is definitely a temper tantrum; I know exactly what you are feeling right now."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Asking the mother to describe her usual behavior via an open-ended question will encourage the mother to talk about home management and will lead the nurse to assist the mother in making a plan of care for temper tantrums. Ignoring the behavior, instructing the mother to cuddle the child, or sympathizing with the mother ("I know exactly what you are feeling") are not effective ways to problem solve for temper tantrums. 2. Asking the mother to describe her usual behavior via an open-ended question will encourage the mother to talk about home management and will lead the nurse to assist the mother in making a plan of care for temper tantrums. Ignoring the behavior, instructing the mother to cuddle the child, or sympathizing with the mother ("I know exactly what you are feeling") are not effective ways to problem solve for temper tantrums. 3. Asking the mother to describe her usual behavior via an open-ended question will encourage the mother to talk about home management and will lead the nurse to assist the mother in making a plan of care for temper tantrums. Ignoring the behavior, instructing the mother to cuddle the child, or sympathizing with the mother ("I know exactly what you are feeling") are not effective ways to problem solve for temper tantrums. 4. Asking the mother to describe her usual behavior via an open-ended question will encourage the mother to talk about home management and will lead the nurse to assist the mother in making a plan of care for temper tantrums. Ignoring the behavior, instructing the mother to cuddle the child, or sympathizing with the mother ("I know exactly what you are feeling") are not effective ways to problem solve for temper tantrums.

When examining a 7-year-old, which action by the nurse would be most appropriate? 1. Allow the child to participate in the exam. 2. Ask the parent what kind of food the child likes to eat. 3. Ask the child whether he plays outside for at least 30 minutes a day. 4. Allow the child to decide whether he is ready for his next immunization.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. At this age, children have logical thought, and are learning about their bodies. Participating in the physical exam is appropriate for this age. The child can answer the question about food intake himself. Asking whether he plays outside for 30 minutes is fine, but children at this age need at least 60 minutes of activity, so the question will not gather appropriate information. It is not the child's decision whether he is ready for immunization, so do not ask this question. 2. At this age, children have logical thought, and are learning about their bodies. Participating in the physical exam is appropriate for this age. The child can answer the question about food intake himself. Asking whether he plays outside for 30 minutes is fine, but children at this age need at least 60 minutes of activity, so the question will not gather appropriate information. It is not the child's decision whether he is ready for immunization, so do not ask this question. 3. At this age, children have logical thought, and are learning about their bodies. Participating in the physical exam is appropriate for this age. The child can answer the question about food intake himself. Asking whether he plays outside for 30 minutes is fine, but children at this age need at least 60 minutes of activity, so the question will not gather appropriate information. It is not the child's decision whether he is ready for immunization, so do not ask this question. 4. At this age, children have logical thought, and are learning about their bodies. Participating in the physical exam is appropriate for this age. The child can answer the question about food intake himself. Asking whether he plays outside for 30 minutes is fine, but children at this age need at least 60 minutes of activity, so the question will not gather appropriate information. It is not the child's decision whether he is ready for immunization, so do not ask this question.

There are many healthcare needs of children with chronic conditions. What nursing strategy would best help parents with continuity of care? 1. Include the family and older child in decision making. 2. Assist the family in gaining transportation to healthcare appointments. 3. Provide the family with resources such as social services. 4. Recognize and respect the cultural needs of the family.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Continuity of care involves the family and child's participation in their health care. Access to transportation involves access to care, not continuity. Providing resources such as social services is related to comprehensiveness of care, not to continuity. Recognizing and respecting cultural needs are part of the degree to which healthcare services, not continuity of care, are provided. 2. Continuity of care involves the family and child's participation in their health care. Access to transportation involves access to care, not continuity. Providing resources such as social services is related to comprehensiveness of care, not to continuity. Recognizing and respecting cultural needs are part of the degree to which healthcare services, not continuity of care, are provided. 3. Continuity of care involves the family and child's participation in their health care. Access to transportation involves access to care, not continuity. Providing resources such as social services is related to comprehensiveness of care, not to continuity. Recognizing and respecting cultural needs are part of the degree to which healthcare services, not continuity of care, are provided. 4. Continuity of care involves the family and child's participation in their health care. Access to transportation involves access to care, not continuity. Providing resources such as social services is related to comprehensiveness of care, not to continuity. Recognizing and respecting cultural needs are part of the degree to which healthcare services, not continuity of care, are provided.

A neonatal nurse who encourages parents to hold their baby and provides opportunities for Kangaroo Care most likely is demonstrating concern for which aspect of the infant's psychosocial development? 1. Attachment 2. Assimilation 3. Centration 4. Resilience

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Attachment is a strong emotional bond between a parent and child that forms the foundation for the fulfillment of the basic need of trust in the infant. Assimilation describes the child's incorporation of new experiences, centration is the ability to consider only one aspect of a situation at a time, and resilience is the ability to maintain healthy function even under significant stress and adversity. 2. Attachment is a strong emotional bond between a parent and child that forms the foundation for the fulfillment of the basic need of trust in the infant. Assimilation describes the child's incorporation of new experiences, centration is the ability to consider only one aspect of a situation at a time, and resilience is the ability to maintain healthy function even under significant stress and adversity. 3. Attachment is a strong emotional bond between a parent and child that forms the foundation for the fulfillment of the basic need of trust in the infant. Assimilation describes the child's incorporation of new experiences, centration is the ability to consider only one aspect of a situation at a time, and resilience is the ability to maintain healthy function even under significant stress and adversity. 4. Attachment is a strong emotional bond between a parent and child that forms the foundation for the fulfillment of the basic need of trust in the infant. Assimilation describes the child's incorporation of new experiences, centration is the ability to consider only one aspect of a situation at a time, and resilience is the ability to maintain healthy function even under significant stress and adversity

The nurse admits a child with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) to the unit. Which nursing diagnosis for this child is the most appropriate? 1. Impaired Gas Exchange Related to Pulmonary Congestion Secondary to the Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow 2. Deficient Fluid Volume Related to Hyperthermia Secondary to the Congenital Heart Defect 3. Acute Pain Related to the Effects of a Congenital Heart Defect 4. Hypothermia Related to Decreased Metabolic State

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Because of the increased pulmonary congestion, Impaired Gas Exchange would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Ventricular septal defects do not cause pain, fever, or deficient fluid volume. 2. Because of the increased pulmonary congestion, Impaired Gas Exchange would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Ventricular septal defects do not cause pain, fever, or deficient fluid volume. 3. Because of the increased pulmonary congestion, Impaired Gas Exchange would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Ventricular septal defects do not cause pain, fever, or deficient fluid volume. 4. Because of the increased pulmonary congestion, Impaired Gas Exchange would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Ventricular septal defects do not cause pain, fever, or deficient fluid volume.

A student nurse asks, "What is carrier testing?" Which response by the nurse educator is most appropriate to answer the student nurse's question? 1. "Carrier testing involves testing an asymptomatic individual for carrier status for a genetic condition." 2. "Carrier testing is used to establish a diagnosis of a genetic disorder in an individual who is symptomatic or has had a positive screening test." 3. "Carrier testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors." 4. "Carrier testing follows in vitro fertilization (IVF) testing to identify embryos with a particular genetic condition."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Carrier testing involves testing an asymptomatic individual for carrier status for a genetic condition. Diagnostic testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Prenatal testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Pre-implantation testing follows in vitro fertilization (IVF) testing to identify embryos with a particular genetic condition. 2. Carrier testing involves testing an asymptomatic individual for carrier status for a genetic condition. Diagnostic testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Prenatal testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Pre-implantation testing follows in vitro fertilization (IVF) testing to identify embryos with a particular genetic condition. 3. Carrier testing involves testing an asymptomatic individual for carrier status for a genetic condition. Diagnostic testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Prenatal testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Pre-implantation testing follows in vitro fertilization (IVF) testing to identify embryos with a particular genetic condition. 4. Carrier testing involves testing an asymptomatic individual for carrier status for a genetic condition. Diagnostic testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Prenatal testing is testing to identify a fetus with a genetic disease or condition. Some prenatal testing is offered routinely; other testing may be initiated due to family history or maternal factors. Pre-implantation testing follows in vitro fertilization (IVF) testing to identify embryos with a particular genetic condition

Which of these strategies would be most effective for a teachable moment during a routine office visit for the parents of a 6-year-old child? 1. Select one topic and present a brief amount of information on the topic. 2. Review all 6-year-old anticipatory guidelines with the parents. 3. Review 7-year-old anticipatory guidelines with the parents. 4. Discuss signs of malnutrition with the parents.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Children and families often learn best when presented with small bits of information. Do not give too much information to the parents at one time; therefore, selecting one topic and presenting information is appropriate. It is not appropriate to discuss malnutrition with these parents, since nothing in the stem of the question indicates that the child has a problem with nutrition. 2. Children and families often learn best when presented with small bits of information. Do not give too much information to the parents at one time; therefore, selecting one topic and presenting information is appropriate. It is not appropriate to discuss malnutrition with these parents, since nothing in the stem of the question indicates that the child has a problem with nutrition. 3. Children and families often learn best when presented with small bits of information. Do not give too much information to the parents at one time; therefore, selecting one topic and presenting information is appropriate. It is not appropriate to discuss malnutrition with these parents, since nothing in the stem of the question indicates that the child has a problem with nutrition. 4. Children and families often learn best when presented with small bits of information. Do not give too much information to the parents at one time; therefore, selecting one topic and presenting information is appropriate. It is not appropriate to discuss malnutrition with these parents, since nothing in the stem of the question indicates that the child has a problem with nutrition.

The nurse is assigned to a child in a spica cast for a fractured femur suffered in an automobile accident. The child's teenage brother was driving the car, which was totaled. The nurse learns that the father lost his job three weeks ago and the mother has just accepted a temporary waitress job. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse use when planning care for this child and family? 1. Compromised Family Coping Related to the Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Stressors 2. Impaired Social Interaction (Parent and Child) Related to the Lack of Family or Respite Support 3. Interrupted Family Processes Related to Child with Significant Disability Requiring Alteration in Family Functioning 4. Risk for Caregiver Role Strain Related to Child with a Newly Acquired Disability and the Associated Financial Burden

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Compromised Family Coping Related to the Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Stressors best fits the multiple crises to which this family is responding. The spica cast may require alteration in family functioning; however, fractures are generally not considered a significant long-term disability. Lack of family members and lack of respite support was not mentioned in the scenario. 2. Compromised Family Coping Related to the Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Stressors best fits the multiple crises to which this family is responding. The spica cast may require alteration in family functioning; however, fractures are generally not considered a significant long-term disability. Lack of family members and lack of respite support was not mentioned in the scenario. 3. Compromised Family Coping Related to the Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Stressors best fits the multiple crises to which this family is responding. The spica cast may require alteration in family functioning; however, fractures are generally not considered a significant long-term disability. Lack of family members and lack of respite support was not mentioned in the scenario. 4. Compromised Family Coping Related to the Effects of Multiple Simultaneous Stressors best fits the multiple crises to which this family is responding. The spica cast may require alteration in family functioning; however, fractures are generally not considered a significant long-term disability. Lack of family members and lack of respite support was not mentioned in the scenario.

Following parental teaching, the nurse is evaluating the parents' understanding of environmental control for their child's asthma management. Which statement by the parents indicates appropriate understanding of the teaching? 1. "We will replace the carpet in our child's bedroom with tile." 2. "We're glad the dog can continue to sleep in our child's room." 3. "We'll be sure to use the fireplace often to keep the house warm in the winter." 4. "We'll keep the plants in our child's room dusted."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Control of dust in the child's bedroom is an important aspect of environmental control for asthma management. When possible, pets and plants should not be kept in the home. Smoke from fireplaces should be eliminated. 2. Control of dust in the child's bedroom is an important aspect of environmental control for asthma management. When possible, pets and plants should not be kept in the home. Smoke from fireplaces should be eliminated. 3. Control of dust in the child's bedroom is an important aspect of environmental control for asthma management. When possible, pets and plants should not be kept in the home. Smoke from fireplaces should be eliminated. 4. Control of dust in the child's bedroom is an important aspect of environmental control for asthma management. When possible, pets and plants should not be kept in the home. Smoke from fireplaces should be eliminated.

The nurse is performing the initial assessment of a child newly diagnosed Kawasaki disease. Which symptoms would the nurse expect to assess with this child? 1. Dry, swollen, fissured lips 2. Nonpalpable lymph nodes 3. Conjunctivitis with exudates 4. Cyanosis of the hands and feet

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Dry, swollen, fissured lips are symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Lymph nodes can be palpable, conjunctivitis is present but without exudates, and hands and feet are typically erythematous. 2. Dry, swollen, fissured lips are symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Lymph nodes can be palpable, conjunctivitis is present but without exudates, and hands and feet are typically erythematous. 3. Dry, swollen, fissured lips are symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Lymph nodes can be palpable, conjunctivitis is present but without exudates, and hands and feet are typically erythematous. 4. Dry, swollen, fissured lips are symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Lymph nodes can be palpable, conjunctivitis is present but without exudates, and hands and feet are typically erythematous

) A nurse is working with a pediatric client. When obtaining an accurate family assessment, which initial step is the most appropriate? 1. Establish a trusting relationship with the family. 2. Select the most relevant family-assessment tool. 3. Focus primarily upon the mother, while learning her greatest concern. 4. Observe the family in the home setting, since this step always proves indispensable

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Establishment of a trusting relationship between the family and the nurse is the essential preliminary step in obtaining an accurate family assessment. There is benefit when the tool used matches the family's strengths and resources; however, selecting the most relevant family-assessment tool is not indispensable to accuracy in the assessment. Focusing primarily upon the mother while learning her greatest concern is counterproductive and prevents the nurse from acknowledging multiple perceptions held by the family's members. Observing the family in the home setting is only recommended in some cases. 2. Establishment of a trusting relationship between the family and the nurse is the essential preliminary step in obtaining an accurate family assessment. There is benefit when the tool used matches the family's strengths and resources; however, selecting the most relevant family-assessment tool is not indispensable to accuracy in the assessment. Focusing primarily upon the mother while learning her greatest concern is counterproductive and prevents the nurse from acknowledging multiple perceptions held by the family's members. Observing the family in the home setting is only recommended in some cases. 3. Establishment of a trusting relationship between the family and the nurse is the essential preliminary step in obtaining an accurate family assessment. There is benefit when the tool used matches the family's strengths and resources; however, selecting the most relevant family-assessment tool is not indispensable to accuracy in the assessment. Focusing primarily upon the mother while learning her greatest concern is counterproductive and prevents the nurse from acknowledging multiple perceptions held by the family's members. Observing the family in the home setting is only recommended in some cases. 4. Establishment of a trusting relationship between the family and the nurse is the essential preliminary step in obtaining an accurate family assessment. There is benefit when the tool used matches the family's strengths and resources; however, selecting the most relevant family-assessment tool is not indispensable to accuracy in the assessment. Focusing primarily upon the mother while learning her greatest concern is counterproductive and prevents the nurse from acknowledging multiple perceptions held by the family's members. Observing the family in the home setting is only recommended in some cases.

A child recently diagnosed with aplastic anemia is being prepared for discharge. When planning support for the family, which service should the nurse plan to include in the discharge plan? 1. Referrals to support groups and social services 2. Short-term support 3. Genetic counseling 4. Nutrition counseling

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Families require support in dealing with a child who has a life-threatening disease. They should be referred to support groups for counseling, if indicated, and to social services. The support will be long term in nature. Aplastic anemia is not a genetically transmitted disease. Nutrition counseling is not a priority and may or may not be needed with aplastic anemia. 2. Families require support in dealing with a child who has a life-threatening disease. They should be referred to support groups for counseling, if indicated, and to social services. The support will be long term in nature. Aplastic anemia is not a genetically transmitted disease. Nutrition counseling is not a priority and may or may not be needed with aplastic anemia. 3. Families require support in dealing with a child who has a life-threatening disease. They should be referred to support groups for counseling, if indicated, and to social services. The support will be long term in nature. Aplastic anemia is not a genetically transmitted disease. Nutrition counseling is not a priority and may or may not be needed with aplastic anemia. 4. Families require support in dealing with a child who has a life-threatening disease. They should be referred to support groups for counseling, if indicated, and to social services. The support will be long term in nature. Aplastic anemia is not a genetically transmitted disease. Nutrition counseling is not a priority and may or may not be needed with aplastic anemia.

The nurse is assessing a family's effective coping strategies and ineffective defensive strategies. Which family-social-system theory is the nurse using in this assessment of the family? 1. Family-stress theory 2. Family-development theory 3. Family-systems theory 4. Family life-cycle theory

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Family-stress theory indicates an array of coping strategies that effectively help reduce stress, in contrast with the defensive strategies of dysfunctional families. Family-development theory suggests developmental tasks for families in each stage. Family-systems theory looks at the relationships among and between family members and the environment. The family life cycle is not a family social system theory. 2. Family-stress theory indicates an array of coping strategies that effectively help reduce stress, in contrast with the defensive strategies of dysfunctional families. Family-development theory suggests developmental tasks for families in each stage. Family-systems theory looks at the relationships among and between family members and the environment. The family life cycle is not a family social system theory. 3. Family-stress theory indicates an array of coping strategies that effectively help reduce stress, in contrast with the defensive strategies of dysfunctional families. Family-development theory suggests developmental tasks for families in each stage. Family-systems theory looks at the relationships among and between family members and the environment. The family life cycle is not a family social system theory. 4. Family-stress theory indicates an array of coping strategies that effectively help reduce stress, in contrast with the defensive strategies of dysfunctional families. Family-development theory suggests developmental tasks for families in each stage. Family-systems theory looks at the relationships among and between family members and the environment. The family life cycle is not a family social system theory.

While teaching the parents of a newborn about infant care and feeding, which instruction by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Delay supplemental foods until the infant is 4 to 6 months old. 2. Delay supplemental foods until the infant reaches 15 pounds or greater. 3. Begin diluted fruit juice at 2 months of age, but wait 3 to 5 days before trying a new food. 4. Add rice cereal to the nighttime feeding if the infant is having difficulty sleeping after 2 months of age.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Four to six months is the optimal age to begin supplemental feedings because earlier feeding of nonformula foods is not needed by the infant and does not promote sleep. Earlier feeding of nonformula foods, regardless of the infant's weight, is more likely to cause the development of food allergies. Also, early feeding is not well tolerated by infants because the necessary tongue control is not well developed and they lack the digestive enzymes to take in and metabolize many food products. 2. Four to six months is the optimal age to begin supplemental feedings because earlier feeding of nonformula foods is not needed by the infant and does not promote sleep. Earlier feeding of nonformula foods, regardless of the infant's weight, is more likely to cause the development of food allergies. Also, early feeding is not well tolerated by infants because the necessary tongue control is not well developed and they lack the digestive enzymes to take in and metabolize many food products. 3. Four to six months is the optimal age to begin supplemental feedings because earlier feeding of nonformula foods is not needed by the infant and does not promote sleep. Earlier feeding of nonformula foods, regardless of the infant's weight, is more likely to cause the development of food allergies. Also, early feeding is not well tolerated by infants because the necessary tongue control is not well developed and they lack the digestive enzymes to take in and metabolize many food products. 4. Four to six months is the optimal age to begin supplemental feedings because earlier feeding of nonformula foods is not needed by the infant and does not promote sleep. Earlier feeding of nonformula foods, regardless of the infant's weight, is more likely to cause the development of food allergies. Also, early feeding is not well tolerated by infants because the necessary tongue control is not well developed and they lack the digestive enzymes to take in and metabolize many food products.

An infant weighs 9 pounds 3 ounces at birth. The nurse plans to make a home visit to the mother and infant when the infant is 7 days old. What is the lowest acceptable weight the infant should be at this age? 1. 7 pounds 12 ounces 2. 8 pounds 2 ounces 3. 8 pounds 12 ounces 4. 9 pounds

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. In the first week of life, most infants lose about one-tenth of their birth weight; therefore, this infant's weight should be 8 pounds 2 ounces at 7 days of age. A weight loss to 7 pounds 12 ounces would be too much for this infant. A decline to 8 pounds 12 ounces is less than the expected one-tenth weight loss after birth, and an infant would not be expected to lose only 3 ounces during the first week of life. 2. In the first week of life, most infants lose about one-tenth of their birth weight; therefore, this infant's weight should be 8 pounds 2 ounces at 7 days of age. A weight loss to 7 pounds 12 ounces would be too much for this infant. A decline to 8 pounds 12 ounces is less than the expected one-tenth weight loss after birth, and an infant would not be expected to lose only 3 ounces during the first week of life. 3. In the first week of life, most infants lose about one-tenth of their birth weight; therefore, this infant's weight should be 8 pounds 2 ounces at 7 days of age. A weight loss to 7 pounds 12 ounces would be too much for this infant. A decline to 8 pounds 12 ounces is less than the expected one-tenth weight loss after birth, and an infant would not be expected to lose only 3 ounces during the first week of life. 4. In the first week of life, most infants lose about one-tenth of their birth weight; therefore, this infant's weight should be 8 pounds 2 ounces at 7 days of age. A weight loss to 7 pounds 12 ounces would be too much for this infant. A decline to 8 pounds 12 ounces is less than the expected one-tenth weight loss after birth, and an infant would not be expected to lose only 3 ounces during the first week of life.

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Which nursing diagnosis is the priority for this client? 1. Risk for Injury 2. Ineffective Breathing Pattern 3. Nausea 4. Fluid-Volume Deficit

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. ITP is the most common bleeding disorder in children, so risk for injury (bleeding) is the priority nursing diagnosis. The disease process does not usually cause ineffective breathing patterns, nausea, or fluid-volume deficits. 2. ITP is the most common bleeding disorder in children, so risk for injury (bleeding) is the priority nursing diagnosis. The disease process does not usually cause ineffective breathing patterns, nausea, or fluid-volume deficits. 3. ITP is the most common bleeding disorder in children, so risk for injury (bleeding) is the priority nursing diagnosis. The disease process does not usually cause ineffective breathing patterns, nausea, or fluid-volume deficits. 4. ITP is the most common bleeding disorder in children, so risk for injury (bleeding) is the priority nursing diagnosis. The disease process does not usually cause ineffective breathing patterns, nausea, or fluid-volume deficits.

The nurse working in the clinic includes an adolescent history in every client intake interview. Which issue should the nurse address when the parents are not present? 1. Possible domestic violence 2. Teen job responsibilities 3. Activities that are done as a family 4. The adolescent's role in the family

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. If domestic violence is suspected, it would only be appropriate to ask these questions when the teenager is alone with the nurse or healthcare provider. 2. If domestic violence is suspected, it would only be appropriate to ask these questions when the teenager is alone with the nurse or healthcare provider. 3. If domestic violence is suspected, it would only be appropriate to ask these questions when the teenager is alone with the nurse or healthcare provider. 4. If domestic violence is suspected, it would only be appropriate to ask these questions when the teenager is alone with the nurse or healthcare provider.

A preschool-aged client, diagnosed with croup, has an increased pCO2, a decreased pH, and a normal HCO3 blood-gas value. Which documentation in the medical record is the most appropriate? 1. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 2. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 3. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis 4. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. If the pH is decreased and the pCO2 is increased with a normal HCO3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Also, croup can be a disease process that causes respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased pCO2 and normal HCO3; uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal pCO2 and normal HCO3; and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, normal pCO2, and increased HCO3. 2. If the pH is decreased and the pCO2 is increased with a normal HCO3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Also, croup can be a disease process that causes respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased pCO2 and normal HCO3; uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal pCO2 and normal HCO3; and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, normal pCO2, and increased HCO3. 3. If the pH is decreased and the pCO2 is increased with a normal HCO3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Also, croup can be a disease process that causes respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased pCO2 and normal HCO3; uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal pCO2 and normal HCO3; and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, normal pCO2, and increased HCO3. 4. If the pH is decreased and the pCO2is increased with a normal HCO3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Also, croup can be a disease process that causes respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased pCO2and normal HCO3; uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal pCO2and normal HCO3; and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, normal pCO2, and increased HCO3

A child is admitted with infective endocarditis. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this child? 1. Start an intravenous line. 2. Place the child in contact isolation. 3. Place the child on seizure precautions. 4. Assist with a lumbar puncture

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Infective endocarditis is treated with intravenous antibiotics for 2 to 8 weeks. It is not contagious, so the child is not placed in contact isolation. Seizures are not a risk of infective endocarditis. A lumbar puncture is not a diagnostic test done for infective endocarditis. 2. Infective endocarditis is treated with intravenous antibiotics for 2 to 8 weeks. It is not contagious, so the child is not placed in contact isolation. Seizures are not a risk of infective endocarditis. A lumbar puncture is not a diagnostic test done for infective endocarditis. 3. Infective endocarditis is treated with intravenous antibiotics for 2 to 8 weeks. It is not contagious, so the child is not placed in contact isolation. Seizures are not a risk of infective endocarditis. A lumbar puncture is not a diagnostic test done for infective endocarditis. 4. Infective endocarditis is treated with intravenous antibiotics for 2 to 8 weeks. It is not contagious, so the child is not placed in contact isolation. Seizures are not a risk of infective endocarditis. A lumbar puncture is not a diagnostic test done for infective endocarditis.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-month-old infant about good feeding habits. The nurse emphasizes the importance of holding the baby during feeding and not letting the infant go to sleep with the bottle. Which disorder is associated with propped feedings and going to sleep with the bottle? 1. Otitis media 2. Aspiration 3. Malocclusion problems 4. Sleeping disorders

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. It has been shown in numerous studies that allowing an infant to fall asleep with a bottle in his or her mouth causes pooling of the formula in the mouth, which increases the risk of both dental caries and otitis media. There has been limited data to date showing a positive correlation between bottle propping and increased risk of aspiration, malocclusions, and sleeping disorders. 2. It has been shown in numerous studies that allowing an infant to fall asleep with a bottle in his or her mouth causes pooling of the formula in the mouth, which increases the risk of both dental caries and otitis media. There has been limited data to date showing a positive correlation between bottle propping and increased risk of aspiration, malocclusions, and sleeping disorders. 3. It has been shown in numerous studies that allowing an infant to fall asleep with a bottle in his or her mouth causes pooling of the formula in the mouth, which increases the risk of both dental caries and otitis media. There has been limited data to date showing a positive correlation between bottle propping and increased risk of aspiration, malocclusions, and sleeping disorders. 4. It has been shown in numerous studies that allowing an infant to fall asleep with a bottle in his or her mouth causes pooling of the formula in the mouth, which increases the risk of both dental caries and otitis media. There has been limited data to date showing a positive correlation between bottle propping and increased risk of aspiration, malocclusions, and sleeping disorders

A child is diagnosed with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) infection of the throat. Which item will the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parents? 1. Complete the entire course of antibiotics. 2. Keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth). 3. Continue normal activities. 4. Do not allow the child to gargle with saltwater

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. It is important for parents to complete the entire course of antibiotics for GABHS infections. Nothing-by-mouth, or NPO, status is not recommended because the child needs to stay hydrated. The child should rest, and use of warm saltwater gargles is recommended. 2. It is important for parents to complete the entire course of antibiotics for GABHS infections. Nothing-by-mouth, or NPO, status is not recommended because the child needs to stay hydrated. The child should rest, and use of warm saltwater gargles is recommended. 3. It is important for parents to complete the entire course of antibiotics for GABHS infections. Nothing-by-mouth, or NPO, status is not recommended because the child needs to stay hydrated. The child should rest, and use of warm saltwater gargles is recommended. 4. It is important for parents to complete the entire course of antibiotics for GABHS infections. Nothing-by-mouth, or NPO, status is not recommended because the child needs to stay hydrated. The child should rest, and use of warm saltwater gargles is recommended

The mother of a child with a heart defect is questioning the nurse about the child's diuretic. When teaching the mother about the medication, what should the emphasis from the nurse? 1. Close monitoring of output 2. The digitalization process 3. The possibility that pulses in the child might be weak 4. The child's increased appetite

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. It is important to monitor the output of the child on a diuretic to determine effectiveness of the drug. Digitalization pulses are not associated with diuretics. The child will usually have a decreased appetite. 2. It is important to monitor the output of the child on a diuretic to determine effectiveness of the drug. Digitalization pulses are not associated with diuretics. The child will usually have a decreased appetite. 3. It is important to monitor the output of the child on a diuretic to determine effectiveness of the drug. Digitalization pulses are not associated with diuretics. The child will usually have a decreased appetite. 4. It is important to monitor the output of the child on a diuretic to determine effectiveness of the drug. Digitalization pulses are not associated with diuretics. The child will usually have a decreased appetite.

The nurse is caring for an adolescent client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which nonpharmacological measure to reduce joint pain is most appropriate for the nurse to recommend to this client? 1. Moist heat 2. Elevation of extremity 3. Massage 4. Immobilization

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Moist heat can promote relief of pain and decrease joint stiffness. Elevation of extremity would not have an effect on reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Massage of extremities should be avoided because of a potential risk for emboli. Immobilization can lead to contractures, and range of motion to the involved joint should be maintained. 2. Moist heat can promote relief of pain and decrease joint stiffness. Elevation of extremity would not have an effect on reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Massage of extremities should be avoided because of a potential risk for emboli. Immobilization can lead to contractures, and range of motion to the involved joint should be maintained. 3. Moist heat can promote relief of pain and decrease joint stiffness. Elevation of extremity would not have an effect on reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Massage of extremities should be avoided because of a potential risk for emboli. Immobilization can lead to contractures, and range of motion to the involved joint should be maintained. 4. Moist heat can promote relief of pain and decrease joint stiffness. Elevation of extremity would not have an effect on reducing pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Massage of extremities should be avoided because of a potential risk for emboli. Immobilization can lead to contractures, and range of motion to the involved joint should be maintained

) A child is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). Which nursing intervention is the priority for this child? 1. Administer nebulized epinephrine and oral or IM dexamethasone. 2. Administer antibiotics and assist with possible intubation. 3. Swab the throat for a throat culture. 4. Obtain a sputum specimen

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Nebulized epinephrine and dexamethasone are given for LTB. Antibiotic administration and possible intubation are associated with epiglottitis. Throat cultures are not obtained for LTB because it is viral and swabbing the throat could cause complete obstruction to occur. Sputum specimens will not assist in the diagnosis of LTB. 2. Nebulized epinephrine and dexamethasone are given for LTB. Antibiotic administration and possible intubation are associated with epiglottitis. Throat cultures are not obtained for LTB because it is viral and swabbing the throat could cause complete obstruction to occur. Sputum specimens will not assist in the diagnosis of LTB. 3. Nebulized epinephrine and dexamethasone are given for LTB. Antibiotic administration and possible intubation are associated with epiglottitis. Throat cultures are not obtained for LTB because it is viral and swabbing the throat could cause complete obstruction to occur. Sputum specimens will not assist in the diagnosis of LTB. 4. Nebulized epinephrine and dexamethasone are given for LTB. Antibiotic administration and possible intubation are associated with epiglottitis. Throat cultures are not obtained for LTB because it is viral and swabbing the throat could cause complete obstruction to occur. Sputum specimens will not assist in the diagnosis of LTB

The nurse is teaching a new mother developmental expectations. Which activity should the nurse expect a newborn to do within the first month of life? 1. Bring hands to eyes and mouth 2. Push up with hands, moving chest up 3. Keep hands in a relaxed position 4. Roll over from back to abdomen

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Newborns at one month of age can bring hands to their eyes and mouths, move their heads from side to side when lying on their abdomens, and attempt to lift their heads only when prone. Newborn hands are kept in tight fist position, and the newborn cannot roll over until 4 months of age. 2. Newborns at one month of age can bring hands to their eyes and mouths, move their heads from side to side when lying on their abdomens, and attempt to lift their heads only when prone. Newborn hands are kept in tight fist position, and the newborn cannot roll over until 4 months of age. 3. Newborns at one month of age can bring hands to their eyes and mouths, move their heads from side to side when lying on their abdomens, and attempt to lift their heads only when prone. Newborn hands are kept in tight fist position, and the newborn cannot roll over until 4 months of age. 4. Newborns at one month of age can bring hands to their eyes and mouths, move their heads from side to side when lying on their abdomens, and attempt to lift their heads only when prone. Newborn hands are kept in tight fist position, and the newborn cannot roll over until 4 months of age.

A mother who is bottle feeding her newborn asks to be discharged 24 hours post-delivery, because she also has twin 2-year-old children at home. When should the nurse schedule the first office visit for this newborn? 1. Within 48 hours of discharge 2. Within 1 week of discharge 3. Within 2 weeks of discharge 4. When the infant is 1-month old

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Newborns discharged before 48 hours old should be seen within 48 hours of discharge. Waiting 1 or 2 weeks after discharge of a 24-hour-old infant increases the chance that several common newborn conditions can go undiagnosed (e.g., jaundice, failure to gain weight). Waiting one month is too long for any infant who is discharged at 24 hours old. 2. Newborns discharged before 48 hours old should be seen within 48 hours of discharge. Waiting 1 or 2 weeks after discharge of a 24-hour-old infant increases the chance that several common newborn conditions can go undiagnosed (e.g., jaundice, failure to gain weight). Waiting one month is too long for any infant who is discharged at 24 hours old. 3. Newborns discharged before 48 hours old should be seen within 48 hours of discharge. Waiting 1 or 2 weeks after discharge of a 24-hour-old infant increases the chance that several common newborn conditions can go undiagnosed (e.g., jaundice, failure to gain weight). Waiting one month is too long for any infant who is discharged at 24 hours old. 4. Newborns discharged before 48 hours old should be seen within 48 hours of discharge. Waiting 1 or 2 weeks after discharge of a 24-hour-old infant increases the chance that several common newborn conditions can go undiagnosed (e.g., jaundice, failure to gain weight). Waiting one month is too long for any infant who is discharged at 24 hours old.

Parents of an infant with slow weight gain ask the nurse if they can feed their baby a highly concentrated formula. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "A higher-concentrated formula could lead to dehydration because of high sodium content; let's discuss other strategies." 2. "An undiluted formula concentrate could be given to help the child gain weight; let's look at brands." 3. "Evaporated milk could be given to the infant instead of the current formula you're using." 4. "A higher-concentrated formula could be given for daytime feedings; let's work on a schedule."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Parents and caregivers of bottle-fed babies should be taught never to give undiluted formula concentrate or evaporated milk due to the high sodium content. 2. Parents and caregivers of bottle-fed babies should be taught never to give undiluted formula concentrate or evaporated milk due to the high sodium content. 3. Parents and caregivers of bottle-fed babies should be taught never to give undiluted formula concentrate or evaporated milk due to the high sodium content. 4. Parents and caregivers of bottle-fed babies should be taught never to give undiluted formula concentrate or evaporated milk due to the high sodium content

The nurse is working with a child with a chronic condition. The nurse observes that over time, the parents have experienced a pattern of periodic grieving alternating with denial. What are the parents currently experiencing based on this assessment finding? 1. Chronic sorrow 2. Compassion fatigue 3. Dysfunctional parenting 4. Pathological grieving

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Parents experience chronic sorrow as they grieve when their child does not meet developmental milestones or participate in activities of "normal" children. The time between periods of grieving may be times of parental denial, which allows the family to function. Compassion fatigue is experienced by caregivers as their ability to feel compassion is exhausted. Dysfunctional parenting involves inadequately meeting the needs of children. Pathological grieving results when persons do not move through the stages of grief to resolution. 2. Parents experience chronic sorrow as they grieve when their child does not meet developmental milestones or participate in activities of "normal" children. The time between periods of grieving may be times of parental denial, which allows the family to function. Compassion fatigue is experienced by caregivers as their ability to feel compassion is exhausted. Dysfunctional parenting involves inadequately meeting the needs of children. Pathological grieving results when persons do not move through the stages of grief to resolution. 3. Parents experience chronic sorrow as they grieve when their child does not meet developmental milestones or participate in activities of "normal" children. The time between periods of grieving may be times of parental denial, which allows the family to function. Compassion fatigue is experienced by caregivers as their ability to feel compassion is exhausted. Dysfunctional parenting involves inadequately meeting the needs of children. Pathological grieving results when persons do not move through the stages of grief to resolution. 4. Parents experience chronic sorrow as they grieve when their child does not meet developmental milestones or participate in activities of "normal" children. The time between periods of grieving may be times of parental denial, which allows the family to function. Compassion fatigue is experienced by caregivers as their ability to feel compassion is exhausted. Dysfunctional parenting involves inadequately meeting the needs of children. Pathological grieving results when persons do not move through the stages of grief to resolution. Page Ref: 258

Personalized healthcare for health promotion and maintenance can be based on environmental factors and which other item? 1. The genes a person inherited 2. Common conditions with known treatment strategies 3. Teaching strategies 4. The health of the person

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Personalized healthcare is based on environmental factors and the genes the person inherited. Common conditions and the current health of the person are not part of personalized healthcare. Teaching strategies are not part of personalized healthcare. 2. Personalized healthcare is based on environmental factors and the genes the person inherited. Common conditions and the current health of the person are not part of personalized healthcare. Teaching strategies are not part of personalized healthcare. 3. Personalized healthcare is based on environmental factors and the genes the person inherited. Common conditions and the current health of the person are not part of personalized healthcare. Teaching strategies are not part of personalized healthcare. 4. Personalized healthcare is based on environmental factors and the genes the person inherited. Common conditions and the current health of the person are not part of personalized healthcare. Teaching strategies are not part of personalized healthcare

A child who is dependent on a ventilator is being discharged from the hospital. Prior to discharge, the home-health nurse discusses development of an emergency plan of care with the family. Which is the most essential part of the plan? 1. Acquisition of a backup generator 2. Designation of an emergency shelter site 3. Provision for an alternate heating source if power is lost 4. Notifying the power company that the child is on life support

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Prior to discharge to home, it is essential that the family acquire a generator so that the child's life support will continue to function effectively should power be lost. While all other actions are very important, it is most essential that the ventilator has power to continue to function at all times. 2. Prior to discharge to home, it is essential that the family acquire a generator so that the child's life support will continue to function effectively should power be lost. While all other actions are very important, it is most essential that the ventilator has power to continue to function at all times. 3. Prior to discharge to home, it is essential that the family acquire a generator so that the child's life support will continue to function effectively should power be lost. While all other actions are very important, it is most essential that the ventilator has power to continue to function at all times. 4. Prior to discharge to home, it is essential that the family acquire a generator so that the child's life support will continue to function effectively should power be lost. While all other actions are very important, it is most essential that the ventilator has power to continue to function at all times.

During the nurse's initial assessment of a school-age child, the child reports a pain level of 6 out of 10. The child is lying quietly in bed watching television. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. Administer prescribed analgesic. 2. Ask the child's parents if they think the child is hurting. 3. Reassess the child in 15 minutes to see if the pain rating has changed. 4. Do nothing, since the child appears to be resting

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. School-age children are old enough to accurately report their pain level. A pain score of 6 is an indication for prompt administration of pain medication. The child may be trying to be brave or may be lying still because movement is painful. 2. School-age children are old enough to accurately report their pain level. A pain score of 6 is an indication for prompt administration of pain medication. The child may be trying to be brave or may be lying still because movement is painful. 3. School-age children are old enough to accurately report their pain level. A pain score of 6 is an indication for prompt administration of pain medication. The child may be trying to be brave or may be lying still because movement is painful. 4. School-age children are old enough to accurately report their pain level. A pain score of 6 is an indication for prompt administration of pain medication. The child may be trying to be brave or may be lying still because movement is painful

A parent says to a nurse, "How do you know when my child needs these screening tests the doctor just mentioned?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Screening tests are administered at the ages when a child is most likely to develop a condition." 2. "Screening tests are done in the newborn nursery and from these results, additional screening tests are ordered throughout the first two years of life." 3. "Screening tests are most often done when the doctor suspects something is wrong with the child." 4. "Screening tests are done at each office visit."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Screening tests administered at ages when a child is most likely to develop a condition provide a good basis for health promotion. The remaining answers all provide incorrect information to the parent. Abnormal newborn screening tests require immediate follow-up. Screening tests are done to detect the possibility of problems, not when a problem is suspected; at that point, a child needs diagnostic testing. Screening tests are not done at each office visit. 2. Screening tests administered at ages when a child is most likely to develop a condition provide a good basis for health promotion. The remaining answers all provide incorrect information to the parent. Abnormal newborn screening tests require immediate follow-up. Screening tests are done to detect the possibility of problems, not when a problem is suspected; at that point, a child needs diagnostic testing. Screening tests are not done at each office visit. 3. Screening tests administered at ages when a child is most likely to develop a condition provide a good basis for health promotion. The remaining answers all provide incorrect information to the parent. Abnormal newborn screening tests require immediate follow-up. Screening tests are done to detect the possibility of problems, not when a problem is suspected; at that point, a child needs diagnostic testing. Screening tests are not done at each office visit. 4. Screening tests administered at ages when a child is most likely to develop a condition provide a good basis for health promotion. The remaining answers all provide incorrect information to the parent. Abnormal newborn screening tests require immediate follow-up. Screening tests are done to detect the possibility of problems, not when a problem is suspected; at that point, a child needs diagnostic testing. Screening tests are not done at each office visit.

Which of these measures used by a nurse will help relieve parental anxiety related to the changing appetite in the toddler who is gaining weight along the 50th percentile? 1. Discussing the growth of the toddler as compared to the growth chart 2. Suggesting ways to have the toddler eat higher calorie foods 3. Instructing the mother to feed the toddler alone without any distractions such as TV or music 4. Teaching the mother to avoid disciplining the toddler within one-half hour of eating

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Showing the parents the growth pattern of the child as compared to the normal growth chart will help relieve parental anxiety related to eating less food during the toddler years. Toddlers who are at the 50th percentile do not need additional high-calorie foods. Toddlers eat to their personal needs and there is no reason to restrict watching TV or other environmental stimuli during meals. There is no reason to relate timing of discipline and eating. 2. Showing the parents the growth pattern of the child as compared to the normal growth chart will help relieve parental anxiety related to eating less food during the toddler years. Toddlers who are at the 50th percentile do not need additional high-calorie foods. Toddlers eat to their personal needs and there is no reason to restrict watching TV or other environmental stimuli during meals. There is no reason to relate timing of discipline and eating. 3. Showing the parents the growth pattern of the child as compared to the normal growth chart will help relieve parental anxiety related to eating less food during the toddler years. Toddlers who are at the 50th percentile do not need additional high-calorie foods. Toddlers eat to their personal needs and there is no reason to restrict watching TV or other environmental stimuli during meals. There is no reason to relate timing of discipline and eating. 4. Showing the parents the growth pattern of the child as compared to the normal growth chart will help relieve parental anxiety related to eating less food during the toddler years. Toddlers who are at the 50th percentile do not need additional high-calorie foods. Toddlers eat to their personal needs and there is no reason to restrict watching TV or other environmental stimuli during meals. There is no reason to relate timing of discipline and eating.

A child is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents are unsure how their child contracted the disease. Which explanation by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Both the mother and the father have the sickle cell trait." 2. "The mother has the trait, but the father doesn't." 3. "The father has the trait, but the mother doesn't." 4. "The mother has sickle cell disease, but the father doesn't have the disease or the trait."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must have the trait in order for a child to have the disease. 2. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must have the trait in order for a child to have the disease. 3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must have the trait in order for a child to have the disease. 4. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder; both parents must have the trait in order for a child to have the disease

During a 4-month-old's well-child check, the nurse discusses introduction of solid foods into the infant's diet and concerns for foods commonly associated with food allergies. Due to allergies, which foods will the nurse instruction the parents to avoid until after 1 year of age? 1. Strawberries, eggs, and wheat 2. Peas, tomatoes, and spinach 3. Carrots, beets, and spinach 4. Squash, pork, and tomatoes

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Strawberries, eggs, and wheat, along with corn, fish, and nut products, are all foods that have commonly been associated with food allergies. Carrots, beets, and spinach contain nitrates and should not be given before the age of 4 months. Squash, peas, and tomatoes are acceptable to try after an infant is 4 to 6 months old but should be given one at a time and 3 to 5 days after starting a new food. Pork can be tried after the infant is 8 to 10 months old, as meats are harder to digest and have a high protein load. 2. Strawberries, eggs, and wheat, along with corn, fish, and nut products, are all foods that have commonly been associated with food allergies. Carrots, beets, and spinach contain nitrates and should not be given before the age of 4 months. Squash, peas, and tomatoes are acceptable to try after an infant is 4 to 6 months old but should be given one at a time and 3 to 5 days after starting a new food. Pork can be tried after the infant is 8 to 10 months old, as meats are harder to digest and have a high protein load. 3. Strawberries, eggs, and wheat, along with corn, fish, and nut products, are all foods that have commonly been associated with food allergies. Carrots, beets, and spinach contain nitrates and should not be given before the age of 4 months. Squash, peas, and tomatoes are acceptable to try after an infant is 4 to 6 months old but should be given one at a time and 3 to 5 days after starting a new food. Pork can be tried after the infant is 8 to 10 months old, as meats are harder to digest and have a high protein load. 4. Strawberries, eggs, and wheat, along with corn, fish, and nut products, are all foods that have commonly been associated with food allergies. Carrots, beets, and spinach contain nitrates and should not be given before the age of 4 months. Squash, peas, and tomatoes are acceptable to try after an infant is 4 to 6 months old but should be given one at a time and 3 to 5 days after starting a new food. Pork can be tried after the infant is 8 to 10 months old, as meats are harder to digest and have a high protein load.

The nurse is admitting an infant diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia. Which intervention is the priority for this infant? 1. Apply ice to the face. 2. Perform Valsalva's maneuver. 3. Administer a beta blocker. 4. Prepare for cardioversion

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Supraventricular tachycardia episodes are initially treated with vagal maneuvers to slow the heart rate when the infant is stable. In stable infants, the application of ice or iced saline solution to the face can reduce the heart rate. The infant is not capable of performing Valsalva's maneuver. Calcium channel blockers, not beta blockers, are the drugs of choice. Cardioversion is used in an urgent situation, but is not typically the initial treatment. 2. Supraventricular tachycardia episodes are initially treated with vagal maneuvers to slow the heart rate when the infant is stable. In stable infants, the application of ice or iced saline solution to the face can reduce the heart rate. The infant is not capable of performing Valsalva's maneuver. Calcium channel blockers, not beta blockers, are the drugs of choice. Cardioversion is used in an urgent situation, but is not typically the initial treatment. 3. Supraventricular tachycardia episodes are initially treated with vagal maneuvers to slow the heart rate when the infant is stable. In stable infants, the application of ice or iced saline solution to the face can reduce the heart rate. The infant is not capable of performing Valsalva's maneuver. Calcium channel blockers, not beta blockers, are the drugs of choice. Cardioversion is used in an urgent situation, but is not typically the initial treatment. 4. Supraventricular tachycardia episodes are initially treated with vagal maneuvers to slow the heart rate when the infant is stable. In stable infants, the application of ice or iced saline solution to the face can reduce the heart rate. The infant is not capable of performing Valsalva's maneuver. Calcium channel blockers, not beta blockers, are the drugs of choice. Cardioversion is used in an urgent situation, but is not typically the initial treatment.

A 5-year-old sibling of a 9-year-old child with cystic fibrosis tells the nurse, "I wish I had a breathing disease, too." The nurse knows the parents strive to spend quality time with each child and with both children together. What is the sibling currently experiencing? 1. Jealousy 2. Isolation 3. Loneliness 4. Anger

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The child with cystic fibrosis has something the younger child does not have. Cystic fibrosis brings the affected child more attention from others. Even if parents strive to spend more time with siblings of ill children, the well-child will be jealous because the situation can never be equal. The 5-year-old child does not understand the complications of the disease and only sees the 9-year-old child treated differently. Siblings of ill children may experience loneliness, isolation, or anger; but the child's comment does not support these feelings. 2. The child with cystic fibrosis has something the younger child does not have. Cystic fibrosis brings the affected child more attention from others. Even if parents strive to spend more time with siblings of ill children, the well-child will be jealous because the situation can never be equal. The 5-year-old child does not understand the complications of the disease and only sees the 9-year-old child treated differently. Siblings of ill children may experience loneliness, isolation, or anger; but the child's comment does not support these feelings. 3. The child with cystic fibrosis has something the younger child does not have. Cystic fibrosis brings the affected child more attention from others. Even if parents strive to spend more time with siblings of ill children, the well-child will be jealous because the situation can never be equal. The 5-year-old child does not understand the complications of the disease and only sees the 9-year-old child treated differently. Siblings of ill children may experience loneliness, isolation, or anger; but the child's comment does not support these feelings. 4. The child with cystic fibrosis has something the younger child does not have. Cystic fibrosis brings the affected child more attention from others. Even if parents strive to spend more time with siblings of ill children, the well-child will be jealous because the situation can never be equal. The 5-year-old child does not understand the complications of the disease and only sees the 9-year-old child treated differently. Siblings of ill children may experience loneliness, isolation, or anger; but the child's comment does not support these feelings.

While inspecting a 5-year-old child's ears, the nurse notes that the right pinna protrudes outward and that there is a mass behind the right ear. In light of these findings, which vital-sign parameter would the nurse assess on priority? 1. Temperature 2. Heart rate 3. Respirations 4. Blood pressure

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Swelling behind an ear could indicate mastoiditis, and the presence of a fever would indicate a higher index of suspicion for this. There could also be changes in other vital-sign parameters, but they would not be specific for the presence of infection. 2. Swelling behind an ear could indicate mastoiditis, and the presence of a fever would indicate a higher index of suspicion for this. There could also be changes in other vital-sign parameters, but they would not be specific for the presence of infection. 3. Swelling behind an ear could indicate mastoiditis, and the presence of a fever would indicate a higher index of suspicion for this. There could also be changes in other vital-sign parameters, but they would not be specific for the presence of infection. 4. Swelling behind an ear could indicate mastoiditis, and the presence of a fever would indicate a higher index of suspicion for this. There could also be changes in other vital-sign parameters, but they would not be specific for the presence of infection.

An HIV-positive mother states she is relieved after the birth of her child to hear that the child is HIV-negative. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Symptoms could still appear over the next 2 years." 2. "You took good care of yourself, so your child did not get HIV." 3. "We will assess for signs of pneumonia to be sure." 4. "The test will be repeated in 1 week to verify the negative status."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Symptoms of HIV could still manifest within the first 2 years. An infant is retested 1 to 2 months after the initial negative result. The HIV-positive mother can infect the newborn regardless of how well she takes care of herself once she is HIV-positive. There is no reason to assess for signs of pneumonia if the newborn is HIV-negative. 2. Symptoms of HIV could still manifest within the first 2 years. An infant is retested in 1 to 2 months after the initial negative result. The HIV-positive mother can infect the newborn regardless of how well she takes care of herself once she is HIV-positive. There is no reason to assess for signs of pneumonia if the newborn is HIV-negative. 3. Symptoms of HIV could still manifest within the first 2 years. An infant is retested in 1 to 2 months after the initial negative result. The HIV-positive mother can infect the newborn regardless of how well she takes care of herself once she is HIV-positive. There is no reason to assess for signs of pneumonia if the newborn is HIV-negative. 4. Symptoms of HIV could still manifest within the first 2 years. An infant is retested in 1 to 2 months after the initial negative result. The HIV-positive mother can infect the newborn regardless of how well she takes care of herself once she is HIV-positive. There is no reason to assess for signs of pneumonia if the newborn is HIV-negative.

The nurse is assessing an infant brought to the clinic with diarrhea. The infant is alert but has dry mucous membranes. Which other sign indicates the infant is still in the early or mild stage of dehydration? 1. Tachycardia 2. Bradycardia 3. Increased blood pressure 4. Decreased blood pressure

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Tachycardia is a sign that indicates mild dehydration. Bradycardia and increased blood pressure are not signs of dehydration. Decreased blood pressure is not a sign of mild dehydration. Decreased blood pressure indicates moderate to severe dehydration. 2. Tachycardia is a sign that indicates mild dehydration. Bradycardia and increased blood pressure are not signs of dehydration. Decreased blood pressure is not a sign of mild dehydration. Decreased blood pressure indicates moderate to severe dehydration. 3. Tachycardia is a sign that indicates mild dehydration. Bradycardia and increased blood pressure are not signs of dehydration. Decreased blood pressure is not a sign of mild dehydration. Decreased blood pressure indicates moderate to severe dehydration. 4. Tachycardia is a sign that indicates mild dehydration. Bradycardia and increased blood pressure are not signs of dehydration. Decreased blood pressure is not a sign of mild dehydration. Decreased blood pressure indicates moderate to severe dehydration

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 6-1/2-month-old infant. Which age-appropriate toy is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest to these parents? 1. Soft, fluid-filled ring that can be chilled in the refrigerator 2. Colorful rattle 3. Jack-in-the-box toy 4. Push-and-pull toy

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Teething toys would be appropriate for this age. The rattle might be better enjoyed by a 3- to 6-month-old infant, and the jack-in-the-box and push-and-pull toys are better suited for a 9- to 12-month-old child. 2. Teething toys would be appropriate for this age. The rattle might be better enjoyed by a 3- to 6-month-old infant, and the jack-in-the-box and push-and-pull toys are better suited for a 9- to 12-month-old child. 3. Teething toys would be appropriate for this age. The rattle might be better enjoyed by a 3- to 6-month-old infant, and the jack-in-the-box and push-and-pull toys are better suited for a 9- to 12-month-old child. 4. Teething toys would be appropriate for this age. The rattle might be better enjoyed by a 3- to 6-month-old infant, and the jack-in-the-box and push-and-pull toys are better suited for a 9- to 12-month-old child.

The nurse has admitted a child with tricuspid atresia. The nurse would expect which initial lab result? 1. A high hemoglobin 2. A low hematocrit 3. A high WBC count 4. A low platelet count

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The child's bone marrow responds to chronic hypoxemia by producing more RBCs to increase the amount of hemoglobin available to carry oxygen to the tissues. This occurs in cases of cyanotic heart defects such as tricuspid atresia. Therefore, the hematocrit would not be low, the WBC count would not be high (unless an infection were present), and the platelets would be normal. 2. The child's bone marrow responds to chronic hypoxemia by producing more RBCs to increase the amount of hemoglobin available to carry oxygen to the tissues. This occurs in cases of cyanotic heart defects such as tricuspid atresia. Therefore, the hematocrit would not be low, the WBC count would not be high (unless an infection were present), and the platelets would be normal. 3. The child's bone marrow responds to chronic hypoxemia by producing more RBCs to increase the amount of hemoglobin available to carry oxygen to the tissues. This occurs in cases of cyanotic heart defects such as tricuspid atresia. Therefore, the hematocrit would not be low, the WBC count would not be high (unless an infection were present), and the platelets would be normal. 4. The child's bone marrow responds to chronic hypoxemia by producing more RBCs to increase the amount of hemoglobin available to carry oxygen to the tissues. This occurs in cases of cyanotic heart defects such as tricuspid atresia. Therefore, the hematocrit would not be low, the WBC count would not be high (unless an infection were present), and the platelets would be normal

A supervisor is reviewing documentation of the nurses in the unit. Which client documentation is the most accurate and contains all the required part for a narrative entry? 1. "2/2/05 1630 Catheterized using an 8 French catheter, 45 mL clear yellow urine obtained, specimen sent to lab, squirmed and cried softly during insertion of catheter. Quiet in mother's arms following catheter removal. M. May RN" 2. "1/9/05 2 pm nasogastric tube placement confirmed and irrigated with 30 ml sterile water. Suction set at low, intermittent. Oxygen via nasal canal at 2 L/min. Nares patent, pink, and nonirritated. K. Earnst RN" 3. "4:00 tracheostomy dressing removed with dime-size stain of dry serous exudate. Site cleansed with normal saline. Dried with sterile gauze. New sterile tracheostomy sponge and trach ties applied. Respirations regular and even throughout the procedure. F. Luck RN" 4. "Feb. '05 Port-A-Cath assessed with Huber needle. Blood return present. Flushed with NaCl solution, IV gamma globulins hung and infusing at 30 cc/hr. Child smiling and playful throughout the procedure. P. Potter, RN"

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The client record should include the date and time of entry, nursing care provided, assessments, an objective report of the client's physiologic response, exact quotes, and the nurse's signature and title. 2. The client record should include the date and time of entry, nursing care provided, assessments, an objective report of the client's physiologic response, exact quotes, and the nurse's signature and title. 3. The client record should include the date and time of entry, nursing care provided, assessments, an objective report of the client's physiologic response, exact quotes, and the nurse's signature and title. 4. The client record should include the date and time of entry, nursing care provided, assessments, an objective report of the client's physiologic response, exact quotes, and the nurse's signature and title.

) A school-age child has epistaxis. Which intervention by the school nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Tilting the child's head forward, squeezing the nares below the nasal bone, and applying ice to the nose 2. Tilting the child's head back, squeezing the bridge of the nose, and applying a warm, moist pack to the nose 3. Lying the child down and applying no pressure, ice, or warm pack 4. Immediately packing the nares with a cotton ball soaked with Neo-Synephrine

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The correct initial treatment for a nosebleed is to tilt the head forward, squeeze the nares below the nasal bone for 10 to 15 minutes, and apply ice to the nose or back of the head. Tilting the child's head back may cause the blood to trickle down the throat. Warmth can cause an increase in bleeding because of vasodilation. Lying the child down without application of pressure to the nares may not stop the bleeding. A cotton ball soaked with Neo-Synephrine would only be used if the bleeding does not stop with pressure and ice. 2. The correct initial treatment for a nosebleed is to tilt the head forward, squeeze the nares below the nasal bone for 10 to 15 minutes, and apply ice to the nose or back of the head. Tilting the child's head back may cause the blood to trickle down the throat. Warmth can cause an increase in bleeding because of vasodilation. Lying the child down without application of pressure to the nares may not stop the bleeding. A cotton ball soaked with Neo-Synephrine would only be used if the bleeding does not stop with pressure and ice. 3. The correct initial treatment for a nosebleed is to tilt the head forward, squeeze the nares below the nasal bone for 10 to 15 minutes, and apply ice to the nose or back of the head. Tilting the child's head back may cause the blood to trickle down the throat. Warmth can cause an increase in bleeding because of vasodilation. Lying the child down without application of pressure to the nares may not stop the bleeding. A cotton ball soaked with Neo-Synephrine would only be used if the bleeding does not stop with pressure and ice. 4. The correct initial treatment for a nosebleed is to tilt the head forward, squeeze the nares below the nasal bone for 10 to 15 minutes, and apply ice to the nose or back of the head. Tilting the child's head back may cause the blood to trickle down the throat. Warmth can cause an increase in bleeding because of vasodilation. Lying the child down without application of pressure to the nares may not stop the bleeding. A cotton ball soaked with Neo-Synephrine would only be used if the bleeding does not stop with pressure and ice.

The nurse suspects that an infant has a visual disorder caused by abnormal musculature. Which test will the nurse perform to detect this disorder? 1. A cover/uncover test 2. An ophthalmologic exam 3. A vision-acuity exam 4. A pupil-reaction-to-light test

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The cover/uncover test can detect abnormal musculature of the eye that can lead to asymmetric eye movement. An ophthalmologic eye exam allows the practitioner to view the internal structures of the eye, not abnormal musculature. A vision acuity test is used to test for myopia. A pupil-reaction-to-light test evaluates neurological status. 2. The cover/uncover test can detect abnormal musculature of the eye that can lead to asymmetric eye movement. An ophthalmologic eye exam allows the practitioner to view the internal structures of the eye, not abnormal musculature. A vision acuity test is used to test for myopia. A pupil-reaction-to-light test evaluates neurological status. 3. The cover/uncover test can detect abnormal musculature of the eye that can lead to asymmetric eye movement. An ophthalmologic eye exam allows the practitioner to view the internal structures of the eye, not abnormal musculature. A vision acuity test is used to test for myopia. A pupil-reaction-to-light test evaluates neurological status. 4. The cover/uncover test can detect abnormal musculature of the eye that can lead to asymmetric eye movement. An ophthalmologic eye exam allows the practitioner to view the internal structures of the eye, not abnormal musculature. A vision acuity test is used to test for myopia. A pupil-reaction-to-light test evaluates neurological status.

An adolescent reports the following: "I get up at 6 a.m., I attend early-morning band classes three times each week, I play sports for 2 hours each day after school, and homework takes me 3 hours each night. I always feel tired." Which question by the nurse is most appropriate based on this information? 1. "How many hours of sleep do you get each night?" 2. "Do you consume foods high in iron?" 3. "Do you think you are doing too much?" 4. "Have you considered talking with your teachers about decreasing your homework, since you have so many extracurricular activities?"

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The data in this scenario reveals very little time for sleep; therefore, the history should focus on sleep patterns. 2. The data in this scenario reveals very little time for sleep; therefore, the history should focus on sleep patterns. 3. The data in this scenario reveals very little time for sleep; therefore, the history should focus on sleep patterns. 4. The data in this scenario reveals very little time for sleep; therefore, the history should focus on sleep patterns

Several children arrived at the emergency department accompanied by their fathers. Which father may legally sign emergency medical consent for treatment? 1. The divorced one from the binuclear family 2. The stepfather from the blended or reconstituted family 3. The divorced one when the single-parent mother has custody 4. The nonbiologic one from the heterosexual cohabitating family

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The divorced father from the binuclear family may sign informed consent because he has equal legal rights with the mother under joint-custody arrangements. The nonbiologic stepfather from the blended or reconstituted family, the divorced biologic father when the single-parent mother has custody, and the nonbiologic father from the heterosexual cohabitating family are without legal authority to seek emergency medical care for the child. 2. The divorced father from the binuclear family may sign informed consent because he has equal legal rights with the mother under joint-custody arrangements. The nonbiologic stepfather from the blended or reconstituted family, the divorced biologic father when the single-parent mother has custody, and the nonbiologic father from the heterosexual cohabitating family are without legal authority to seek emergency medical care for the child. 3. The divorced father from the binuclear family may sign informed consent because he has equal legal rights with the mother under joint-custody arrangements. The nonbiologic stepfather from the blended or reconstituted family, the divorced biologic father when the single-parent mother has custody, and the nonbiologic father from the heterosexual cohabitating family are without legal authority to seek emergency medical care for the child. 4. The divorced father from the binuclear family may sign informed consent because he has equal legal rights with the mother under joint-custody arrangements. The nonbiologic stepfather from the blended or reconstituted family, the divorced biologic father when the single-parent mother has custody, and the nonbiologic father from the heterosexual cohabitating family are without legal authority to seek emergency medical care for the child.

A school-age client is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in critical condition after a motor vehicle accident. Which intervention should be implemented at this time? 1. Maintain consistent caregivers. 2. Turn the lights off at night. 3. Keep alarm levels low. 4. Consult the hospital play therapist.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The intensive care environment is fast-paced, overwhelming, and frightening. Maintaining consistent caregivers is invaluable in developing a familiar and trusting relationship with the child. Turning off the lights in an intensive care environment is not feasible. Keeping alarm levels low could increase risk of injury if an alarm is not heard by staff. Consulting the play therapist is not appropriate at this time. 2. The intensive care environment is fast-paced, overwhelming, and frightening. Maintaining consistent caregivers is invaluable in developing a familiar and trusting relationship with the child. Turning off the lights in an intensive care environment is not feasible. Keeping alarm levels low could increase risk of injury if an alarm is not heard by staff. Consulting the play therapist is not appropriate at this time. 3. The intensive care environment is fast-paced, overwhelming, and frightening. Maintaining consistent caregivers is invaluable in developing a familiar and trusting relationship with the child. Turning off the lights in an intensive care environment is not feasible. Keeping alarm levels low could increase risk of injury if an alarm is not heard by staff. Consulting the play therapist is not appropriate at this time. 4. The intensive care environment is fast-paced, overwhelming, and frightening. Maintaining consistent caregivers is invaluable in developing a familiar and trusting relationship with the child. Turning off the lights in an intensive care environment is not feasible. Keeping alarm levels low could increase risk of injury if an alarm is not heard by staff. Consulting the play therapist is not appropriate at this time. Page Ref: 268

Which would be an acceptable community-health diagnosis? 1. Risk for Injury Related to Lack of Safe Bicycle Paths in High-Traffic Areas 2. Ineffective Family Coping Related to Lack of Time Together 3. Alterations in Nutrition Related to Use of Fast Food Restaurants 4. Ineffective Communication Related to Lack of Community Newsletter

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The lack of safe bicycle paths in high-traffic areas is a community hazard affecting a large population of people. Ineffective family coping is appropriate for one family; alterations in nutrition and ineffective communication are not appropriate for the community as a whole. 2. The lack of safe bicycle paths in high-traffic areas is a community hazard affecting a large population of people. Ineffective family coping is appropriate for one family; alterations in nutrition and ineffective communication are not appropriate for the community as a whole. 3. The lack of safe bicycle paths in high-traffic areas is a community hazard affecting a large population of people. Ineffective family coping is appropriate for one family; alterations in nutrition and ineffective communication are not appropriate for the community as a whole. 4. The lack of safe bicycle paths in high-traffic areas is a community hazard affecting a large population of people. Ineffective family coping is appropriate for one family; alterations in nutrition and ineffective communication are not appropriate for the community as a whole.

The telephone triage nurse at a pediatric clinic knows each call is important. Which call would require attentiveness from the nurse because of an increased risk of mortality? 1. A 3-week-old infant born at 35 weeks' gestation with gastroenteritis 2. A term 2-week-old infant of American Indian descent with an upper respiratory infection 3. A postterm 4-week-old infant non-Hispanic black descent with moderate emesis after feeding 4. A 1-week-old infant born at 40 weeks' gestation with symptoms of colic Answer: 1

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The leading causes of death in the neonatal period (birth to 28 days of age) are short gestation, low birth weight, and congenital malformations. The preterm infant experiencing gastroenteritis at 3 weeks of age is at the greatest risk for mortality; therefore, would require extra attentiveness from the registered nurse. 2. The leading causes of death in the neonatal period (birth to 28 days of age) are short gestation, low birth weight, and congenital malformations. The preterm infant experiencing gastroenteritis at 3 weeks of age is at the greatest risk for mortality; therefore, would require extra attentiveness from the registered nurse. 3. The leading causes of death in the neonatal period (birth to 28 days of age) are short gestation, low birth weight, and congenital malformations. The preterm infant experiencing gastroenteritis at 3 weeks of age is at the greatest risk for mortality; therefore, would require extra attentiveness from the registered nurse. 4. The leading causes of death in the neonatal period (birth to 28 days of age) are short gestation, low birth weight, and congenital malformations. The preterm infant experiencing gastroenteritis at 3 weeks of age is at the greatest risk for mortality; therefore, would require extra attentiveness from the registered nurse.

) A child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also has oral candidiasis. Which type of mouth care solution will the nurse teach the child to use? 1. Normal saline 2. Listerine 3. Scope 4. Viscous lidocaine

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The mouth care should be with a non-alcohol base. Normal saline can keep the child's lips and mouth moist. Listerine and Scope are commercial mouth rinses that can have an alcohol base and cause drying of the membranes. Viscous lidocaine causes numbing and could depress the gag reflex in a younger child. 2. The mouth care should be with a non-alcohol base. Normal saline can keep the child's lips and mouth moist. Listerine and Scope are commercial mouth rinses that can have an alcohol base and cause drying of the membranes. Viscous lidocaine causes numbing and could depress the gag reflex in a younger child. 3. The mouth care should be with a non-alcohol base. Normal saline can keep the child's lips and mouth moist. Listerine and Scope are commercial mouth rinses that can have an alcohol base and cause drying of the membranes. Viscous lidocaine causes numbing and could depress the gag reflex in a younger child. 4. The mouth care should be with a non-alcohol base. Normal saline can keep the child's lips and mouth moist. Listerine and Scope are commercial mouth rinses that can have an alcohol base and cause drying of the membranes. Viscous lidocaine causes numbing and could depress the gag reflex in a younger child.

The nurse is providing care for an adolescent client who is experiencing pain related to a sickle cell crisis. Which medication does the nurse prepare to administer to this client? 1. Morphine sulfate 2. Meperidine 3. Acetaminophen 4. Ibuprofen

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The pain during a sickling crisis is severe, and morphine is needed for pain control around the clock or by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients with sickle cell pain crisis because it could cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain and would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a child in sickle cell pain crisis. 2. The pain during a sickling crisis is severe, and morphine is needed for pain control around the clock or by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients with sickle cell pain crisis because it could cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain and would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a child in sickle cell pain crisis. 3. The pain during a sickling crisis is severe, and morphine is needed for pain control around the clock or by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients with sickle cell pain crisis because it could cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain and would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a child in sickle cell pain crisis. 4. The pain during a sickling crisis is severe, and morphine is needed for pain control around the clock or by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Meperidine is not used for pain control for clients with sickle cell pain crisis because it could cause seizures. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used for mild pain and would not be effective for the severe pain experienced by a child in sickle cell pain crisis.

Parents of a child in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have been experiencing shock and disbelief regarding their situation. Which statement by the parents indicates they are moving forward into the next stage of coping? 1. "Why not me instead of my child?" 2. "It is hard for me to have others take care of my child." 3. "I feel like life is suspended in time." 4. "I am glad I can help with his care."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The parents initially enter the stage of shock and disbelief. Asking "Why not me instead of my child?" shows they are moving into the next stage, which is anger and disbelief. Having feelings about others caring for their child is the third stage of deprivation and loss. The feeling of being suspended in time is the fourth stage, which is anticipatory guidance. 2. The parents initially enter the stage of shock and disbelief. Asking "Why not me instead of my child?" shows they are moving into the next stage, which is anger and disbelief. Having feelings about others caring for their child is the third stage of deprivation and loss. The feeling of being suspended in time is the fourth stage, which is anticipatory guidance. 3. The parents initially enter the stage of shock and disbelief. Asking "Why not me instead of my child?" shows they are moving into the next stage, which is anger and disbelief. Having feelings about others caring for their child is the third stage of deprivation and loss. The feeling of being suspended in time is the fourth stage, which is anticipatory guidance. 4. The parents initially enter the stage of shock and disbelief. Asking "Why not me instead of my child?" shows they are moving into the next stage, which is anger and disbelief. Having feelings about others caring for their child is the third stage of deprivation and loss. The feeling of being suspended in time is the fourth stage, which is anticipatory guidance.

A three-generation pedigree is constructed around the designated "index" patient. Based on this knowledge, which explanation of the term proband is the most accurate? 1. The "index" patient has the disorder of interest. 2. One parent of the "index" patient has the disorder of interest. 3. The "index" patient does not have the disorder of interest. 4. Siblings of the "index" patient do not have the disorder of interest

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The proband indicates that the "index" patient has the disorder of interest. A consultand is an "index" patient seeking genetic counseling for a disorder she is not affected by at present. 2. The proband indicates that the "index" patient has the disorder of interest. A consultand is an "index" patient seeking genetic counseling for a disorder she is not affected by at present. 3. The proband indicates that the "index" patient has the disorder of interest. A consultand is an "index" patient seeking genetic counseling for a disorder she is not affected by at present. 4. The proband indicates that the "index" patient has the disorder of interest. A consultand is an "index" patient seeking genetic counseling for a disorder she is not affected by at present

The nurse in a pediatric acute care unit is assigned the following tasks. Which task is not appropriate for the nurse to complete? 1. Diagnose an 8-year-old with acute otitis media and prescribe an antibiotic. 2. Listen to the concerns of an adolescent about being out of school for a lengthy surgical recovery. 3. Provide information to a mother of a newly diagnosed 4-year-old diabetic about local support-group options. 4. Diagnose a 6-year-old with Diversional Activity Deficit related to placement in isolation.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The role of the pediatric nurse includes providing nursing assessment, directing nursing care interventions, and educating client and family at developmentally appropriate levels; client advocacy, case management, minimization of distress, and enhancement of coping. Advanced practice nurse practitioners perform assessment, diagnosis, and management of health conditions. 2. The role of the pediatric nurse includes providing nursing assessment, directing nursing care interventions, and educating client and family at developmentally appropriate levels; client advocacy, case management, minimization of distress, and enhancement of coping. Advanced practice nurse practitioners perform assessment, diagnosis, and management of health conditions. 3. The role of the pediatric nurse includes providing nursing assessment, directing nursing care interventions, and educating client and family at developmentally appropriate levels; client advocacy, case management, minimization of distress, and enhancement of coping. Advanced practice nurse practitioners perform assessment, diagnosis, and management of health conditions. 4. The role of the pediatric nurse includes providing nursing assessment, directing nursing care interventions, and educating client and family at developmentally appropriate levels; client advocacy, case management, minimization of distress, and enhancement of coping. Advanced practice nurse practitioners perform assessment, diagnosis, and management of health conditions.

A nurse is assessing an 11-month-old infant and notes that the infant's height and weight are at the 5th percentile on the growth chart. Family history reveals that the infant's two siblings are at the 50th percentile for height and at the 75th percentile for weight. Psychosocial history reveals that the parents are separated and are planning to divorce. Which of these nursing diagnoses takes priority? 1. Alteration in Growth Pattern Related to Parental Anxiety 2. Alteration in Growth Pattern Secondary to Familial Short Stature 3. Nutritional Intake: Excessive Secondary to Maternal Feeding Patterns 4. At Risk for Constitutional Growth Delay Related to Decreased Appetite

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The scenario reveals parental anxiety due to marital problems. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis is alteration in growth patterns related to parental anxiety. There is no data that indicates familial short stature. Since height and weight are at the 5th percentile, there is no indication of increased nutritional intake. This infant is not at risk for constitutional growth delay. 2. The scenario reveals parental anxiety due to marital problems. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis is alteration in growth patterns related to parental anxiety. There is no data that indicates familial short stature. Since height and weight are at the 5th percentile, there is no indication of increased nutritional intake. This infant is not at risk for constitutional growth delay. 3. The scenario reveals parental anxiety due to marital problems. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis is alteration in growth patterns related to parental anxiety. There is no data that indicates familial short stature. Since height and weight are at the 5th percentile, there is no indication of increased nutritional intake. This infant is not at risk for constitutional growth delay. 4. The scenario reveals parental anxiety due to marital problems. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis is alteration in growth patterns related to parental anxiety. There is no data that indicates familial short stature. Since height and weight are at the 5th percentile, there is no indication of increased nutritional intake. This infant is not at risk for constitutional growth delay.

A child comes to the clinic for an assessment 20 days post-bone marrow transplant. Which system should receive the highest priority during the nursing assessment? 1. Integumentary 2. Gastrointestinal 3. Respiratory 4. Cardiovascular

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. The skin is most commonly affected in graft-versus-host disease after a transplant. A pruritic, macular papular rash and a blistering, burning sensation can occur. The other systems are important to assess, but are not the highest priority. 2. The skin is most commonly affected in graft-versus-host disease after a transplant. A pruritic, macular papular rash and a blistering, burning sensation can occur. The other systems are important to assess, but are not the highest priority. 3. The skin is most commonly affected in graft-versus-host disease after a transplant. A pruritic, macular papular rash and a blistering, burning sensation can occur. The other systems are important to assess, but are not the highest priority. 4. The skin is most commonly affected in graft-versus-host disease after a transplant. A pruritic, macular papular rash and a blistering, burning sensation can occur. The other systems are important to assess, but are not the highest priority

The nurse is working with a hospitalized preschool-age child. The nurse is planning activities to reduce anxiety in this child. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Provide the child with a doll and safe medical equipment. 2. Read a story to the child. 3. Use an anatomically correct doll to teach the child about the illness. 4. Talk to the child about the hospitalization.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Therapeutic play is a means of anxiety reduction in the hospitalized child. Allowing the child to play with safe medical equipment is an age-appropriate method through which the child can express her feelings, thereby reducing anxiety. Anatomically correct dolls are not age appropriate. Reading a story to the child does not allow for expression of feelings. Talking to the child may be beneficial, but it does not allow for active release of frustration and anxiety as active play does. 2. Therapeutic play is a means of anxiety reduction in the hospitalized child. Allowing the child to play with safe medical equipment is an age-appropriate method through which the child can express her feelings, thereby reducing anxiety. Anatomically correct dolls are not age appropriate. Reading a story to the child does not allow for expression of feelings. Talking to the child may be beneficial, but it does not allow for active release of frustration and anxiety as active play does. 3. Therapeutic play is a means of anxiety reduction in the hospitalized child. Allowing the child to play with safe medical equipment is an age-appropriate method through which the child can express her feelings, thereby reducing anxiety. Anatomically correct dolls are not age appropriate. Reading a story to the child does not allow for expression of feelings. Talking to the child may be beneficial, but it does not allow for active release of frustration and anxiety as active play does. 4. Therapeutic play is a means of anxiety reduction in the hospitalized child. Allowing the child to play with safe medical equipment is an age-appropriate method through which the child can express her feelings, thereby reducing anxiety. Anatomically correct dolls are not age appropriate. Reading a story to the child does not allow for expression of feelings. Talking to the child may be beneficial, but it does not allow for active release of frustration and anxiety as active play does

The nurse is planning activities for a toddler with a birth injury of a torn brachial plexus that resulted in muscle atrophy and weakness of his right arm. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this client? 1. Offering the toddler a choice of clothing 2. Asking the toddler if he would like to take his medicine 3. Dressing the toddler 4. Feeding the toddler

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Toddlers are developing autonomy, self-control, and independence. Offering the toddler a choice contributes to their sense of autonomy. However, taking medicine is not within the toddler's realm of choice. Dressing and feeding the toddler does not encourage independence and will eventually cause frustration for both parent and toddler. The toddler must learn how to do these activities despite the physical limitations of the right arm. 2. Toddlers are developing autonomy, self-control, and independence. Offering the toddler a choice contributes to their sense of autonomy. However, taking medicine is not within the toddler's realm of choice. Dressing and feeding the toddler does not encourage independence and will eventually cause frustration for both parent and toddler. The toddler must learn how to do these activities despite the physical limitations of the right arm. 3. Toddlers are developing autonomy, self-control, and independence. Offering the toddler a choice contributes to their sense of autonomy. However, taking medicine is not within the toddler's realm of choice. Dressing and feeding the toddler does not encourage independence and will eventually cause frustration for both parent and toddler. The toddler must learn how to do these activities despite the physical limitations of the right arm. 4. Toddlers are developing autonomy, self-control, and independence. Offering the toddler a choice contributes to their sense of autonomy. However, taking medicine is not within the toddler's realm of choice. Dressing and feeding the toddler does not encourage independence and will eventually cause frustration for both parent and toddler. The toddler must learn how to do these activities despite the physical limitations of the right arm.

A parent questions how her toddler plays with other toddlers. Which response by the nurse displays the best description of the differences in play between the toddler and the preschool-age child? 1. Toddlers play side by side, while preschool-age children play cooperatively. 2. Toddlers play house and imitate adult roles, while preschool-age children become the Mom or Dad while playing house. 3. Toddlers play cooperatively, while preschool-age children play interactive games. 4. There are no differences between toddlers and preschool-age children because both groups play cooperatively.

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Toddlers will play side by side with another child, but they do not interact with the child during play. Preschoolers play cooperatively with other children. 2. Toddlers will play side by side with another child, but they do not interact with the child during play. Preschoolers play cooperatively with other children. 3. Toddlers will play side by side with another child, but they do not interact with the child during play. Preschoolers play cooperatively with other children. 4. Toddlers will play side by side with another child, but they do not interact with the child during play. Preschoolers play cooperatively with other children.

A child is showing signs of acute respiratory distress. Which position will the nurse place this child? 1. Upright 2. Side-lying 3. Flat 4. In semi-Fowler's

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Upright is correct because it allows for optimal chest expansion. Side-lying, flat, and semi-Fowler's (head up slightly) do not allow for as optimal chest expansion as the upright position. 2. Upright is correct because it allows for optimal chest expansion. Side-lying, flat, and semi-Fowler's (head up slightly) do not allow for as optimal chest expansion as the upright position. 3. Upright is correct because it allows for optimal chest expansion. Side-lying, flat, and semi-Fowler's (head up slightly) do not allow for as optimal chest expansion as the upright position. 4. Upright is correct because it allows for optimal chest expansion. Side-lying, flat, and semi-Fowler's (head up slightly) do not allow for as optimal chest expansion as the upright position

The school nurse is planning a smoking-prevention program for middle school students. Which intervention is most likely to be effective in preventing middle school children from smoking? 1. Having a local high school basketball star come to talk to the students about the importance of not smoking 2. Having the school's biology teacher demonstrate the pathophysiology of the effects of smoking tobacco on the body 3. Developing colorful posters with catchy slogans and placing them all over the school 4. Having a pledge campaign with prizes awarded, during which students sign contracts saying that they will not use tobacco products

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. While all of the strategies are good, the most effective tip would be to have a local high school basketball star come to talk to the students about the importance of not smoking, because students at this age are more likely to listen to and attempt to emulate someone of their own peer group whom they respect and look up to. Information from adults, posters, and signed contracts are not as likely to influence children of this age more than the pressure of their peers. 2. While all of the strategies are good, the most effective tip would be to have a local high school basketball star come to talk to the students about the importance of not smoking, because students at this age are more likely to listen to and attempt to emulate someone of their own peer group whom they respect and look up to. Information from adults, posters, and signed contracts are not as likely to influence children of this age more than the pressure of their peers. 3. While all of the strategies are good, the most effective tip would be to have a local high school basketball star come to talk to the students about the importance of not smoking, because students at this age are more likely to listen to and attempt to emulate someone of their own peer group whom they respect and look up to. Information from adults, posters, and signed contracts are not as likely to influence children of this age more than the pressure of their peers. 4. While all of the strategies are good, the most effective tip would be to have a local high school basketball star come to talk to the students about the importance of not smoking, because students at this age are more likely to listen to and attempt to emulate someone of their own peer group whom they respect and look up to. Information from adults, posters, and signed contracts are not as likely to influence children of this age more than the pressure of their peers

A school-age child has been seen in the pediatric clinic three times in the last two months for complaints of abdominal pain. Physical exam and all ordered lab work have been normal. Which question by the nurse would most likely help determine the etiology of the child's abdominal pain? 1. "Have there been any changes in your child's school or home life recently?" 2. "How many meals does your child eat each day?" 3. "Are your child's immunizations up to date?" 4. "Has your child had any fevers or viral illnesses in the last three months?"

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. With a normal exam and lab work there is a high probability that this child's abdominal pain is stress related, and it is most important to identify the possible stressors in this child's life to aid in diagnosis and treatment. The other questions are also important to ask but are not as relevant to this child's symptoms as "Have there been any changes in your child's school or home life recently?" 2. With a normal exam and lab work there is a high probability that this child's abdominal pain is stress related, and it is most important to identify the possible stressors in this child's life to aid in diagnosis and treatment. The other questions are also important to ask but are not as relevant to this child's symptoms as "Have there been any changes in your child's school or home life recently?" 3. With a normal exam and lab work there is a high probability that this child's abdominal pain is stress related, and it is most important to identify the possible stressors in this child's life to aid in diagnosis and treatment. The other questions are also important to ask but are not as relevant to this child's symptoms as "Have there been any changes in your child's school or home life recently?" 4. With a normal exam and lab work there is a high probability that this child's abdominal pain is stress related, and it is most important to identify the possible stressors in this child's life to aid in diagnosis and treatment. The other questions are also important to ask but are not as relevant to this child's symptoms as "Have there been any changes in your child's school or home life recently?"

During a well-child exam, the parents of a preschool-age child inform the nurse that they are thinking of buying a television for their child's bedroom and ask for advice as to whether this is appropriate. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Research has shown that children with a television in their bedroom spend significantly less time playing outside than other children, and physical inactivity in children has been linked to many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes." 2. "Research has shown that watching educational television shows improves a child's performance in school." 3. "Don't buy a television for your child's room; he is much too young for that." 4. "It is okay for children to have a television in their room as long as you limit the amount of time they watch it to less than two hours per day."

Answer: 1 Explanation: 1. Young children need to be physically active at this age. "Research has shown that children with a television in their bedroom spend significantly less time playing outside than other children, and physical inactivity in children has been linked to many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes" is the best response because it gives the parents an evidence-based rationale for not placing a television in the child's room. "Don't buy a television for your child's room; he is much too young for that" does not give parents a rationale and may seem opinionated to them. While there may be some truth in the comment "Research has shown that watching educational television shows improves a child's performance in school," this statement may encourage increased television watching by the child, and the child's developmental need for physical activity is greater than the benefit that he may obtain by watching educational programs. "It is okay for children to have a television in their room as long as you limit the amount of time they watch it to less than two hours per day" is correct in that limiting television viewing to less than two hours per day is appropriate, but the probability of this occurring with a television in the child's room is low, and the child will most likely be watching much more than two hours per day. 2. Young children need to be physically active at this age. "Research has shown that children with a television in their bedroom spend significantly less time playing outside than other children, and physical inactivity in children has been linked to many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes" is the best response because it gives the parents an evidence-based rationale for not placing a television in the child's room. "Don't buy a television for your child's room; he is much too young for that" does not give parents a rationale and may seem opinionated to them. While there may be some truth in the comment "Research has shown that watching educational television shows improves a child's performance in school," this statement may encourage increased television watching by the child, and the child's developmental need for physical activity is greater than the benefit that he may obtain by watching educational programs. "It is okay for children to have a television in their room as long as you limit the amount of time they watch it to less than two hours per day" is correct in that limiting television viewing to less than two hours per day is appropriate, but the probability of this occurring with a television in the child's room is low, and the child will most likely be watching much more than two hours per day. 3. Young children need to be physically active at this age. "Research has shown that children with a television in their bedroom spend significantly less time playing outside than other children, and physical inactivity in children has been linked to many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes" is the best response because it gives the parents an evidence-based rationale for not placing a television in the child's room. "Don't buy a television for your child's room; he is much too young for that" does not give parents a rationale and may seem opinionated to them. While there may be some truth in the comment "Research has shown that watching educational television shows improves a child's performance in school," this statement may encourage increased television watching by the child, and the child's developmental need for physical activity is greater than the benefit that he may obtain by watching educational programs. "It is okay for children to have a television in their room as long as you limit the amount of time they watch it to less than two hours per day" is correct in that limiting television viewing to less than two hours per day is appropriate, but the probability of this occurring with a television in the child's room is low, and the child will most likely be watching much more than two hours per day. 4. Young children need to be physically active at this age. "Research has shown that children with a television in their bedroom spend significantly less time playing outside than other children, and physical inactivity in children has been linked to many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes" is the best response because it gives the parents an evidence-based rationale for not placing a television in the child's room. "Don't buy a television for your child's room; he is much too young for that" does not give parents a rationale and may seem opinionated to them. While there may be some truth in the comment "Research has shown that watching educational television shows improves a child's performance in school," this statement may encourage increased television watching by the child, and the child's developmental need for physical activity is greater than the benefit that he may obtain by watching educational programs. "It is okay for children to have a television in their room as long as you limit the amount of time they watch it to less than two hours per day" is correct in that limiting television viewing to less than two hours per day is appropriate, but the probability of this occurring with a television in the child's room is low, and the child will most likely be watching much more than two hours per day.

The nurse is providing care to an adolescent client who is dying. Which assessment findings indicate the client is experiencing a decrease in peripheral circulation? Select all that apply. 1. Cool skin 2. Mottled appearance 3. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 4. Increased agitation 5. Increased urine output

Answer: 1, 2 Explanation: 1. A client who is experiencing decreased peripheral circulation will have cool, mottled skin. While Cheyne-Stokes respirations may indicate death is approaching, this is not indicative of a decrease in peripheral circulation. Increased agitation indicates decreased perfusion to the brain. A client will not experience increased urine output near the end life. 2. A client who is experiencing decreased peripheral circulation will have cool, mottled skin. While Cheyne-Stokes respirations may indicate death is approaching, this is not indicative of a decrease in peripheral circulation. Increased agitation indicates decreased perfusion to the brain. A client will not experience increased urine output near the end life. 3. A client who is experiencing decreased peripheral circulation will have cool, mottled skin. While Cheyne-Stokes respirations may indicate death is approaching, this is not indicative of a decrease in peripheral circulation. Increased agitation indicates decreased perfusion to the brain. A client will not experience increased urine output near the end life. 4. A client who is experiencing decreased peripheral circulation will have cool, mottled skin. While Cheyne-Stokes respirations may indicate death is approaching, this is not indicative of a decrease in peripheral circulation. Increased agitation indicates decreased perfusion to the brain. A client will not experience increased urine output near the end life. 5. A client who is experiencing decreased peripheral circulation will have cool, mottled skin. While Cheyne-Stokes respirations may indicate death is approaching, this is not indicative of a decrease in peripheral circulation. Increased agitation indicates decreased perfusion to the brain. A client will not experience increased urine output near the end life.

The nurse teaches a group of parents' strategies to reduce the risk of lead exposure for their children. Which statements indicate an appropriate understanding of the content presented? Select all that apply. 1. "We will provide our child with frequent snacks high in iron and calcium." 2. "We will wash any surfaces that have peeling paint." 3. "We will store leftovers in a ceramic pot." 4. "We can continue to use our traditional-medicine treatment, Azarcon, for any GI upset." 5. "We will sand the windowsills to remove the lead-based paint."

Answer: 1, 2 Explanation: 1. Snacks and meals high in iron and calcium should be encouraged. Lead is absorbed more readily on an empty stomach. Any surface with peeling paint should be washed with a damp sponge. Ceramic pots, if fired improperly, could contain lead. Food should not be prepared or stored in them. Azarcon, a traditional medicine used to treat a colic-like illness, may contain large amounts of lead. Sanding the windowsills will cause the lead to be dispersed in the air, leading to lead poisoning. 2. Snacks and meals high in iron and calcium should be encouraged. Lead is absorbed more readily on an empty stomach. Any surface with peeling paint should be washed with a damp sponge. Ceramic pots, if fired improperly, could contain lead. Food should not be prepared or stored in them. Azarcon, a traditional medicine used to treat a colic-like illness, may contain large amounts of lead. Sanding the windowsills will cause the lead to be dispersed in the air, leading to lead poisoning. 3. Snacks and meals high in iron and calcium should be encouraged. Lead is absorbed more readily on an empty stomach. Any surface with peeling paint should be washed with a damp sponge. Ceramic pots, if fired improperly, could contain lead. Food should not be prepared or stored in them. Azarcon, a traditional medicine used to treat a colic-like illness, may contain large amounts of lead. Sanding the windowsills will cause the lead to be dispersed in the air, leading to lead poisoning. 4. Snacks and meals high in iron and calcium should be encouraged. Lead is absorbed more readily on an empty stomach. Any surface with peeling paint should be washed with a damp sponge. Ceramic pots, if fired improperly, could contain lead. Food should not be prepared or stored in them. Azarcon, a traditional medicine used to treat a colic-like illness, may contain large amounts of lead. Sanding the windowsills will cause the lead to be dispersed in the air, leading to lead poisoning. 5. Snacks and meals high in iron and calcium should be encouraged. Lead is absorbed more readily on an empty stomach. Any surface with peeling paint should be washed with a damp sponge. Ceramic pots, if fired improperly, could contain lead. Food should not be prepared or stored in them. Azarcon, a traditional medicine used to treat a colic-like illness, may contain large amounts of lead. Sanding the windowsills will cause the lead to be dispersed in the air, leading to lead poisoning.

The nurse is providing an educational session for parents with children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which statements will the nurse include educate about the normal functions of RBCs? Select all that apply. 1. "RBCs transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue." 2. "RBCs transport carbon dioxide to the lungs." 3. "RBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders." 4. "RBCs form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding." 5. "RBCs are responsible for psychosocial development."

Answer: 1, 2 Explanation: 1. The normal function of RBCs includes transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs. WBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders. Platelets form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding. RBCs are not directly responsible for psychosocial development. 2. The normal function of RBCs includes transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs. WBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders. Platelets form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding. RBCs are not directly responsible for psychosocial development. 3. The normal function of RBCs includes transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs. WBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders. Platelets form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding. RBCs are not directly responsible for psychosocial development. 4. The normal function of RBCs includes transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs. WBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders. Platelets form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding. RBCs are not directly responsible for psychosocial development. 5. The normal function of RBCs includes transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs. WBCs protect the body against bacterial invaders. Platelets form hemostatic plugs to stop bleeding. RBCs are not directly responsible for psychosocial development.

The clinic administrator has asked each nurse to classify the nursing activities as a beginning step of clinic reorganization. Which of these strategies can be identified as health promotion and health maintenance? Select all that apply. 1. Administration of the flu vaccine for infants from 6 months to 23 months old 2. Daily feeding schedules for infants 3. Instruction to adolescents on how to use dental floss 4. Treatment for a child with a diagnosis of acute otitis media

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Administering flu vaccines, discussion of feeding schedules, and instructions to adolescents are all health-promotion and health-maintenance topics. Treatment of an acute ear infection (otitis media) would not be a topic for health promotion and health maintenance since it is an acute illness. 2. Administering flu vaccines, discussion of feeding schedules, and instructions to adolescents are all health-promotion and health-maintenance topics. Treatment of an acute ear infection (otitis media) would not be a topic for health promotion and health maintenance since it is an acute illness. 3. Administering flu vaccines, discussion of feeding schedules, and instructions to adolescents are all health-promotion and health-maintenance topics. Treatment of an acute ear infection (otitis media) would not be a topic for health promotion and health maintenance since it is an acute illness. 4. Administering flu vaccines, discussion of feeding schedules, and instructions to adolescents are all health-promotion and health-maintenance topics. Treatment of an acute ear infection (otitis media) would not be a topic for health promotion and health maintenance since it is an acute illness.

The nurse educator is teaching a group of students about the key concepts of a medical home during the developmental years of the pediatric client. Which items should the educator include in the teaching session? Select all that apply. 1. Financial accessibility 2. Consistent, ongoing care 3. Coordination of care 4. No individualization of care 5. A paternalistic view of care

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. All children need a medical home, where accessible, continuous, and coordinated health supervision is provided during the developmental years. Accessibility refers to both financial and geographic access; continuous indicates that the care is ongoing with consistent care providers; coordination refers to the need for communication among health professionals to provide for the needs of the child. Care is individualized and is not paternalistic. 2. All children need a medical home, where accessible, continuous, and coordinated health supervision is provided during the developmental years. Accessibility refers to both financial and geographic access; continuous indicates that the care is ongoing with consistent care providers; coordination refers to the need for communication among health professionals to provide for the needs of the child. Care is individualized and is not paternalistic. 3. All children need a medical home, where accessible, continuous, and coordinated health supervision is provided during the developmental years. Accessibility refers to both financial and geographic access; continuous indicates that the care is ongoing with consistent care providers; coordination refers to the need for communication among health professionals to provide for the needs of the child. Care is individualized and is not paternalistic. 4. All children need a medical home, where accessible, continuous, and coordinated health supervision is provided during the developmental years. Accessibility refers to both financial and geographic access; continuous indicates that the care is ongoing with consistent care providers; coordination refers to the need for communication among health professionals to provide for the needs of the child. Care is individualized and is not paternalistic. 5. All children need a medical home, where accessible, continuous, and coordinated health supervision is provided during the developmental years. Accessibility refers to both financial and geographic access; continuous indicates that the care is ongoing with consistent care providers; coordination refers to the need for communication among health professionals to provide for the needs of the child. Care is individualized and is not paternalistic.

The school nurse is implementing a program to decrease bullying. Which interventions are appropriate for the school nurse to implement? Select all that apply. 1. Train teachers about the behaviors 2. Ensure adult supervision in the hallways 3. Teach children to report behaviors 4. Ensure that immunizations are up-to-date 5. Set up anti-hazing policies

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to implement when dealing with bullying in a school include training the teachers on the signs of bullying; ensuring adult supervision in the hallways, as this is where bullying tends to take place; and teach children to report bullying behaviors. Ensuring that immunizations are up to date is not an intervention aimed at decreasing bullying. Hazing and bullying are two separate problems. 2. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to implement when dealing with bullying in a school include training the teachers on the signs of bullying; ensuring adult supervision in the hallways, as this is where bullying tends to take place; and teach children to report bullying behaviors. Ensuring that immunizations are up to date is not an intervention aimed at decreasing bullying. Hazing and bullying are two separate problems. 3. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to implement when dealing with bullying in a school include training the teachers on the signs of bullying; ensuring adult supervision in the hallways, as this is where bullying tends to take place; and teach children to report bullying behaviors. Ensuring that immunizations are up to date is not an intervention aimed at decreasing bullying. Hazing and bullying are two separate problems. 4. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to implement when dealing with bullying in a school include training the teachers on the signs of bullying; ensuring adult supervision in the hallways, as this is where bullying tends to take place; and teach children to report bullying behaviors. Ensuring that immunizations are up to date is not an intervention aimed at decreasing bullying. Hazing and bullying are two separate problems. 5. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to implement when dealing with bullying in a school include training the teachers on the signs of bullying; ensuring adult supervision in the hallways, as this is where bullying tends to take place; and teach children to report bullying behaviors. Ensuring that immunizations are up to date is not an intervention aimed at decreasing bullying. Hazing and bullying are two separate problems.

) A novice nurse in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) has just performed postmortem care on a premature infant who passed away. The novice nurse asks to be excused near the end of the shift. Which interventions can be implemented to support this nurse? Select all that apply. 1. Schedule additional education on bereavement care 2. Ask a seasoned nurse to talk with the novice nurse 3. Tell the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family 4. Recommend that the nurse transfer to another unit 5. Assign the nurse to stable clients only

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for this nurse include scheduling additional education on bereavement care, asking a seasoned nurse to talk about the situation with the novice nurse, and telling the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family. Recommending a transfer and assigning the nurse to only stable clients are not appropriate interventions to support the novice nurse. 2. Appropriate interventions for this nurse include scheduling additional education on bereavement care, asking a seasoned nurse to talk about the situation with the novice nurse, and telling the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family. Recommending a transfer and assigning the nurse to only stable clients are not appropriate interventions to support the novice nurse. 3. Appropriate interventions for this nurse include scheduling additional education on bereavement care, asking a seasoned nurse to talk about the situation with the novice nurse, and telling the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family. Recommending a transfer and assigning the nurse to only stable clients are not appropriate interventions to support the novice nurse. 4. Appropriate interventions for this nurse include scheduling additional education on bereavement care, asking a seasoned nurse to talk about the situation with the novice nurse, and telling the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family. Recommending a transfer and assigning the nurse to only stable clients are not appropriate interventions to support the novice nurse. 5. Appropriate interventions for this nurse include scheduling additional education on bereavement care, asking a seasoned nurse to talk about the situation with the novice nurse, and telling the nurse it is OK to grieve with the family. Recommending a transfer and assigning the nurse to only stable clients are not appropriate interventions to support the novice nurse.

An adolescent is accompanied by the mother for an annual physical examination. The nurse is aware of privacy issues related to the adolescent. While the mother is in the room, the nurse should avoid which questions? Select all that apply. 1. Sexual activity 2. Cigarette smoking 3. School performance 4. Use of alcohol 5. Car seatbelt use

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse must maintain the nurse—client relationship, which is between the nurse and the adolescent, and the nurse must maintain confidentiality. Therefore, the nurse cannot ask any personal questions while the mother is in the room, such as those related to sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. The nurse can ask general questions about seatbelt use and academic performance without breaching confidentiality. 2. The nurse must maintain the nurse—client relationship, which is between the nurse and the adolescent, and the nurse must maintain confidentiality. Therefore, the nurse cannot ask any personal questions while the mother is in the room, such as those related to sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. The nurse can ask general questions about seatbelt use and academic performance without breaching confidentiality. 3. The nurse must maintain the nurse—client relationship, which is between the nurse and the adolescent, and the nurse must maintain confidentiality. Therefore, the nurse cannot ask any personal questions while the mother is in the room, such as those related to sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. The nurse can ask general questions about seatbelt use and academic performance without breaching confidentiality. 4. The nurse must maintain the nurse—client relationship, which is between the nurse and the adolescent, and the nurse must maintain confidentiality. Therefore, the nurse cannot ask any personal questions while the mother is in the room, such as those related to sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. The nurse can ask general questions about seatbelt use and academic performance without breaching confidentiality. 5. The nurse must maintain the nurse—client relationship, which is between the nurse and the adolescent, and the nurse must maintain confidentiality. Therefore, the nurse cannot ask any personal questions while the mother is in the room, such as those related to sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. The nurse can ask general questions about seatbelt use and academic performance without breaching confidentiality.

The school health nurse recognizes that children who display certain characteristics are at risk for poor school performance. The nurse will, therefore, observe each school-age child for which characteristics? Select all that apply. 1. Decreased ability to perform visual tracking. 2. Decreased auditory stimulation. 3. Decreased muscle tone. 4. Multiple dental caries. 5. Chronic tonsillitis.

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Children with vision, hearing, and muscle tone problems are at risk for poor school performance, since most school activities involve listening, seeing, and kinetic activity. School performance most likely would not be affected by dental caries and chronic tonsillitis. 2. Children with vision, hearing, and muscle tone problems are at risk for poor school performance, since most school activities involve listening, seeing, and kinetic activity. School performance most likely would not be affected by dental caries and chronic tonsillitis. 3. Children with vision, hearing, and muscle tone problems are at risk for poor school performance, since most school activities involve listening, seeing, and kinetic activity. School performance most likely would not be affected by dental caries and chronic tonsillitis. 4. Children with vision, hearing, and muscle tone problems are at risk for poor school performance, since most school activities involve listening, seeing, and kinetic activity. School performance most likely would not be affected by dental caries and chronic tonsillitis. 5. Children with vision, hearing, and muscle tone problems are at risk for poor school performance, since most school activities involve listening, seeing, and kinetic activity. School performance most likely would not be affected by dental caries and chronic tonsillitis.

The nurse is planning care for a preschool-age child and family. In order to assess the family, what should the nurse plan to do during each health supervision visit? Select all that apply. 1. Discuss the child's developmental status 2. Observe interactions among the family members 3. Discuss concerns with the parents 4. Administer age appropriate vaccinations 5. Record height and weight

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. In order to assess the child and family, the nurse would plan to discuss the child's developmental status, observe interactions among the family members, and discuss any concerns with the parents. Administering age appropriate vaccinations and recording height and weight are appropriate interventions, but are not included during the family assessment process. 2. In order to assess the child and family, the nurse would plan to discuss the child's developmental status, observe interactions among the family members, and discuss any concerns with the parents. Administering age appropriate vaccinations and recording height and weight are appropriate interventions, but are not included during the family assessment process. 3. In order to assess the child and family, the nurse would plan to discuss the child's developmental status, observe interactions among the family members, and discuss any concerns with the parents. Administering age appropriate vaccinations and recording height and weight are appropriate interventions, but are not included during the family assessment process. 4. In order to assess the child and family, the nurse would plan to discuss the child's developmental status, observe interactions among the family members, and discuss any concerns with the parents. Administering age appropriate vaccinations and recording height and weight are appropriate interventions, but are not included during the family assessment process. 5. In order to assess the child and family, the nurse would plan to discuss the child's developmental status, observe interactions among the family members, and discuss any concerns with the parents. Administering age appropriate vaccinations and recording height and weight are appropriate interventions, but are not included during the family assessment process.

The nurse educator is teaching a group of nursing students how to perform a respiratory assessment for a newborn in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which normal characteristics of the newborn's respiratory system increase the risk for obstruction? Select all that apply. 1. Shorter and narrower airway 2. Higher trachea 3. Bronchial branching at different angles 4. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles 5. Diaphragmatic breather

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Normal characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system that increase the risk for obstruction include a shorter and narrower airway, a higher trachea, and a different angle for bronchial branching. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles and being diaphragmatic breathers are characteristics that do not increase the risk of obstruction. 2. Normal characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system that increase the risk for obstruction include a shorter and narrower airway, a higher trachea, and a different angle for bronchial branching. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles and being diaphragmatic breathers are characteristics that do not increase the risk of obstruction. 3. Normal characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system that increase the risk for obstruction include a shorter and narrower airway, a higher trachea, and a different angle for bronchial branching. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles and being diaphragmatic breathers are characteristics that do not increase the risk of obstruction. 4. Normal characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system that increase the risk for obstruction include a shorter and narrower airway, a higher trachea, and a different angle for bronchial branching. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles and being diaphragmatic breathers are characteristics that do not increase the risk of obstruction. 5. Normal characteristics of the pediatric respiratory system that increase the risk for obstruction include a shorter and narrower airway, a higher trachea, and a different angle for bronchial branching. Inadequate smooth muscle bundles and being diaphragmatic breathers are characteristics that do not increase the risk of obstruction

The nurse is assessing an infant client during a health supervision visit. Which assessment findings are considered normal variations for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Sucking pads in the mouth 2. A rounded chest 3. Hearing breath sounds over the entire chest 4. Pubertal development 5. Knock-knees

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Normal variations for the infant client include sucking pads in the mouth, a rounded chest, and hearing breath sounds over the entire chest. Pubertal development and knock-knees are not normal variations for the infant client. 2. Normal variations for the infant client include sucking pads in the mouth, a rounded chest, and hearing breath sounds over the entire chest. Pubertal development and knock-knees are not normal variations for the infant client. 3. Normal variations for the infant client include sucking pads in the mouth, a rounded chest, and hearing breath sounds over the entire chest. Pubertal development and knock-knees are not normal variations for the infant client. 4. Normal variations for the infant client include sucking pads in the mouth, a rounded chest, and hearing breath sounds over the entire chest. Pubertal development and knock-knees are not normal variations for the infant client. 5. Normal variations for the infant client include sucking pads in the mouth, a rounded chest, and hearing breath sounds over the entire chest. Pubertal development and knock-knees are not normal variations for the infant client.

The school nurse performs screenings on all students in the middle school. In addition, the nurse will perform selected screenings on individual school-age children. When planning the screenings for the year, which screenings will the nurse include for all school-age children? Select all that apply. 1. Hearing 2. Height and weight 3. Blood-pressure measurement 4. Hepatitis B profile serology 5. Chest x-ray

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Routine screening for school-age children include hearing, checking for height and weight, and blood-pressure measurements. The hepatitis B profile is only needed once, prior to administration of hepatitis B vaccine; however, this is not a required screening for all school-age children. A chest x-ray is not a routine screening test for school-age children. 2. Routine screening for school-age children include hearing, checking for height and weight, and blood-pressure measurements. The hepatitis B profile is only needed once, prior to administration of hepatitis B vaccine; however, this is not a required screening for all school-age children. A chest x-ray is not a routine screening test for school-age children. 3. Routine screening for school-age children include hearing, checking for height and weight, and blood-pressure measurements. The hepatitis B profile is only needed once, prior to administration of hepatitis B vaccine; however, this is not a required screening for all school-age children. A chest x-ray is not a routine screening test for school-age children. 4. Routine screening for school-age children include hearing, checking for height and weight, and blood-pressure measurements. The hepatitis B profile is only needed once, prior to administration of hepatitis B vaccine; however, this is not a required screening for all school-age children. A chest x-ray is not a routine screening test for school-age children. 5. Routine screening for school-age children include hearing, checking for height and weight, and blood-pressure measurements. The hepatitis B profile is only needed once, prior to administration of hepatitis B vaccine; however, this is not a required screening for all school-age children. A chest x-ray is not a routine screening test for school-age children

A nursery nurse is planning care for the newborns currently in the newborn nursery. Which activities does the nurse plan for the first 48 hours of life? Select all that apply. 1. Monitor feeding behaviors 2. Perform a hearing screening 3. Perform a heel stick to obtain blood for the newborn screen 4. Monitor the mother as she performs the first newborn bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids 5. Administer folic-acid injection to the infant to prevent bleeding

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. The nurse should assess feeding behaviors of the infant whether the infant is breastfed or bottle-fed. A hearing screening is performed on all newborn infants prior to discharge. The newborn screen is performed prior to infant discharge from the newborn unit. The nurse, not the mother, performs the first bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids. Vitamin K is administered, not folic acid. 2. The nurse should assess feeding behaviors of the infant whether the infant is breastfed or bottle-fed. A hearing screening is performed on all newborn infants prior to discharge. The newborn screen is performed prior to infant discharge from the newborn unit. The nurse, not the mother, performs the first bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids. Vitamin K is administered, not folic acid. 3. The nurse should assess feeding behaviors of the infant whether the infant is breastfed or bottle-fed. A hearing screening is performed on all newborn infants prior to discharge. The newborn screen is performed prior to infant discharge from the newborn unit. The nurse, not the mother, performs the first bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids. Vitamin K is administered, not folic acid. 4. The nurse should assess feeding behaviors of the infant whether the infant is breastfed or bottle-fed. A hearing screening is performed on all newborn infants prior to discharge. The newborn screen is performed prior to infant discharge from the newborn unit. The nurse, not the mother, performs the first bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids. Vitamin K is administered, not folic acid. 5. The nurse should assess feeding behaviors of the infant whether the infant is breastfed or bottle-fed. A hearing screening is performed on all newborn infants prior to discharge. The newborn screen is performed prior to infant discharge from the newborn unit. The nurse, not the mother, performs the first bath to remove blood and amniotic fluids. Vitamin K is administered, not folic acid.

The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which breath sounds indicate the infant is experiencing respiratory distress? Select all that apply. 1. Tachypnea 2. Wheezing 3. Grunting 4. Retractions 5. Eupnea

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Wheezing and grunting are adventitious respiratory sounds that indicate respiratory distress in the neonate. Tachypnea is the term used to indicate a respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths per minute in an infant. While this does indicate respiratory distress, tachypnea is not a type of breath sound. Retractions, or the use of accessory muscles, are indicative of respiratory distress in the neonate, but this is not a type of breath sound. Eupnea is the medical term for "normal breathing." 2. Wheezing and grunting are adventitious respiratory sounds that indicate respiratory distress in the neonate. Tachypnea is the term used to indicate a respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths per minute in an infant. While this does indicate respiratory distress, tachypnea is not a type of breath sound. Retractions, or the use of accessory muscles, are indicative of respiratory distress in the neonate, but this is not a type of breath sound. Eupnea is the medical term for "normal breathing." 3. Wheezing and grunting are adventitious respiratory sounds that indicate respiratory distress in the neonate. Tachypnea is the term used to indicate a respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths per minute in an infant. While this does indicate respiratory distress, tachypnea is not a type of breath sound. Retractions, or the use of accessory muscles, are indicative of respiratory distress in the neonate, but this is not a type of breath sound. Eupnea is the medical term for "normal breathing." 4. Wheezing and grunting are adventitious respiratory sounds that indicate respiratory distress in the neonate. Tachypnea is the term used to indicate a respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths per minute in an infant. While this does indicate respiratory distress, tachypnea is not a type of breath sound. Retractions, or the use of accessory muscles, are indicative of respiratory distress in the neonate, but this is not a type of breath sound. Eupnea is the medical term for "normal breathing." 5. Wheezing and grunting are adventitious respiratory sounds that indicate respiratory distress in the neonate. Tachypnea is the term used to indicate a respiratory rate of greater than 60 breaths per minute in an infant. While this does indicate respiratory distress, tachypnea is not a type of breath sound. Retractions, or the use of accessory muscles, are indicative of respiratory distress in the neonate, but this is not a type of breath sound. Eupnea is the medical term for "normal breathing."

The nurse is conducting an admission assessment for a preschool-age client in the emergency department. When using the resiliency theory, which findings place this client at risk? Select all that apply. 1. Loss of health insurance 2. No primary care provider 3. Incomplete immunizations 4. A grandmother who is able to room-in 5. High level language skills from the child

Answer: 1, 2, 3 Explanation: 1. When using the resiliency theory, a child and family will have both protective and risk factors. Risk factors include lack of health insurance, not having a consistent care provider, and incomplete immunizations. Protective factors include a parent or family member being able to room-in with the child, a family who is able to stay with the other children in the family, and a child with the ability to communicate needs to the hospital staff. 2. When using the resiliency theory, a child and family will have both protective and risk factors. Risk factors include lack of health insurance, not having a consistent care provider, and incomplete immunizations. Protective factors include a parent or family member being able to room-in with the child, a family who is able to stay with the other children in the family, and a child with the ability to communicate needs to the hospital staff. 3. When using the resiliency theory, a child and family will have both protective and risk factors. Risk factors include lack of health insurance, not having a consistent care provider, and incomplete immunizations. Protective factors include a parent or family member being able to room-in with the child, a family who is able to stay with the other children in the family, and a child with the ability to communicate needs to the hospital staff. 4. When using the resiliency theory, a child and family will have both protective and risk factors. Risk factors include lack of health insurance, not having a consistent care provider, and incomplete immunizations. Protective factors include a parent or family member being able to room-in with the child, a family who is able to stay with the other children in the family, and a child with the ability to communicate needs to the hospital staff. 5. When using the resiliency theory, a child and family will have both protective and risk factors. Risk factors include lack of health insurance, not having a consistent care provider, and incomplete immunizations. Protective factors include a parent or family member being able to room-in with the child, a family who is able to stay with the other children in the family, and a child with the ability to communicate needs to the hospital staff.

The nurse is conducting a nutritional assessment for a toddler client who is diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which parameters will the nurse include in the assessment process for this toddler and family? Select all that apply. 1. Height 2. Weight 3. Hemoglobin and hematocrit 4. Twenty-four-hour food diary 5. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. In order to adequately assess the toddler client's FTT, the nurse would plan to measure height and weight; obtain a hemoglobin and hematocrit; and ask the family for a 24-hour food diary. Information regarding maternal dietary intake during pregnancy is not information that is necessary to assess for a toddler diagnosed with FTT. 2. In order to adequately assess the toddler client's FTT, the nurse would plan to measure height and weight; obtain a hemoglobin and hematocrit; and ask the family for a 24-hour food diary. Information regarding maternal dietary intake during pregnancy is not information that is necessary to assess for a toddler diagnosed with FTT. 3. In order to adequately assess the toddler client's FTT, the nurse would plan to measure height and weight; obtain a hemoglobin and hematocrit; and ask the family for a 24-hour food diary. Information regarding maternal dietary intake during pregnancy is not information that is necessary to assess for a toddler diagnosed with FTT. 4. In order to adequately assess the toddler client's FTT, the nurse would plan to measure height and weight; obtain a hemoglobin and hematocrit; and ask the family for a 24-hour food diary. Information regarding maternal dietary intake during pregnancy is not information that is necessary to assess for a toddler diagnosed with FTT. 5. In order to adequately assess the toddler client's FTT, the nurse would plan to measure height and weight; obtain a hemoglobin and hematocrit; and ask the family for a 24-hour food diary. Information regarding maternal dietary intake during pregnancy is not information that is necessary to assess for a toddler diagnosed with FTT.

The nurse in the newborn nursery is admitting a neonate. To determine the health and development of the newborn, what will the nurse include in the assessment? Select all that apply. 1. Head circumference 2. Body length 3. Weight 4. Length of pregnancy 5. Hearing screens

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse should assess almost all of these parameters to determine the health of the newborn. However, hearing screens are typically done after the first 12 hours after birth and are not part of newborn assessment. 2. The nurse should assess almost all of these parameters to determine the health of the newborn. However, hearing screens are typically done after the first 12 hours after birth and are not part of newborn assessment. 3. The nurse should assess almost all of these parameters to determine the health of the newborn. However, hearing screens are typically done after the first 12 hours after birth and are not part of newborn assessment. 4. The nurse should assess almost all of these parameters to determine the health of the newborn. However, hearing screens are typically done after the first 12 hours after birth and are not part of newborn assessment. 5. The nurse should assess almost all of these parameters to determine the health of the newborn. However, hearing screens are typically done after the first 12 hours after birth and are not part of newborn assessment.

Which stressor is common in the hospitalized toddler with a chronic disorder? Select all that apply. 1. Fear of painful procedures 2. Self-concept 3. Interruption of normal routines 4. Unfamiliarity of caregivers 5. Isolation

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. This is a stressor common in the hospitalized toddler with a chronic disorder. 2. This is a stressor common in the hospitalized adolescent with a chronic disorder. 3. This is a stressor common in the hospitalized toddler with a chronic disorder. 4. This is a stressor common in the hospitalized toddler with a chronic disorder. 5. This is a stressor common in the hospitalized adolescent with a chronic disorder.

The nurse is creating a teaching care plan for the toddler and family. Which nursing diagnoses are normally used at each healthcare visit for this age group? Select all that apply. 1. Knowledge deficit related to growth patterns 2. Risk for injury related to developmental skills 3. Risk for exposure to infectious diseases related to childcare environment 4. Knowledge deficit related to toys that encourage development 5. Risk for loneliness related to lack of siblings

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. The toddler is assessed for height, weight, BMI, head circumference, growth and nutrition, verbal skills, gross and fine motor movement, appropriate toys for developmental age. 2. The toddler is assessed for height, weight, BMI, head circumference, growth and nutrition, verbal skills, gross and fine motor movement, appropriate toys for developmental age. 3. The toddler is assessed for height, weight, BMI, head circumference, growth and nutrition, verbal skills, gross and fine motor movement, appropriate toys for developmental age. 4. The toddler is assessed for height, weight, BMI, head circumference, growth and nutrition, verbal skills, gross and fine motor movement, appropriate toys for developmental age. 5. The toddler is assessed for height, weight, BMI, head circumference, growth and nutrition, verbal skills, gross and fine motor movement, appropriate toys for developmental age.

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client with neutropenia. Which clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate when assessing this client? Select all that apply. 1. Fever 2. Fatigue 3. Tachycardia 4. Hypertension 5. Tachypnea

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. A school-age client who is diagnosed with neutropenia, or a decrease in WBCs, will likely exhibit fever, fatigue, tachycardia, and tachypnea (as a result of congestive heart failure). The nurse would not anticipate that the client will exhibit hypertension as a result of the diagnosis. 2. A school-age client who is diagnosed with neutropenia, or a decrease in WBCs, will likely exhibit fever, fatigue, tachycardia, and tachypnea (as a result of congestive heart failure). The nurse would not anticipate that the client will exhibit hypertension as a result of the diagnosis. 3. A school-age client who is diagnosed with neutropenia, or a decrease in WBCs, will likely exhibit fever, fatigue, tachycardia, and tachypnea (as a result of congestive heart failure). The nurse would not anticipate that the client will exhibit hypertension as a result of the diagnosis. 4. A school-age client who is diagnosed with neutropenia, or a decrease in WBCs, will likely exhibit fever, fatigue, tachycardia, and tachypnea (as a result of congestive heart failure). The nurse would not anticipate that the client will exhibit hypertension as a result of the diagnosis. 5. A school-age client who is diagnosed with neutropenia, or a decrease in WBCs, will likely exhibit fever, fatigue, tachycardia, and tachypnea (as a result of congestive heart failure). The nurse would not anticipate that the client will exhibit hypertension as a result of the diagnosis.

A young school-age child is in the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU) with a fractured femur and head trauma. The child was not wearing a helmet while riding his new bicycle on the highway and collided with a car. Which nursing diagnoses may be appropriate for this family? Select all that apply. 1. Guilt Related to Lack of Child Supervision and Safety Precautions 2. Family Coping: Compromised, Related to the Critical Injury of the Child 3. Parental Role Conflict Related to Child's Injuries and PICU Policies 4. Knowledge Deficit Related to Home Care of Fractured Femur 5. Anger Related to Feelings of Helplessness

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. All of these nursing diagnoses except Knowledge Deficit are possible in this situation. Although planning for discharge begins with admission, it is too early to begin teaching the parents about home care. The astute and experienced PICU nurse is prepared to recognize current problems and intervene appropriately. 2. All of these nursing diagnoses except Knowledge Deficit are possible in this situation. Although planning for discharge begins with admission, it is too early to begin teaching the parents about home care. The astute and experienced PICU nurse is prepared to recognize current problems and intervene appropriately. 3. All of these nursing diagnoses except Knowledge Deficit are possible in this situation. Although planning for discharge begins with admission, it is too early to begin teaching the parents about home care. The astute and experienced PICU nurse is prepared to recognize current problems and intervene appropriately. 4. All of these nursing diagnoses except Knowledge Deficit are possible in this situation. Although planning for discharge begins with admission, it is too early to begin teaching the parents about home care. The astute and experienced PICU nurse is prepared to recognize current problems and intervene appropriately. 5. All of these nursing diagnoses except Knowledge Deficit are possible in this situation. Although planning for discharge begins with admission, it is too early to begin teaching the parents about home care. The astute and experienced PICU nurse is prepared to recognize current problems and intervene appropriately

The nurse is planning care for a preschool-age client who has cerebral palsy (CP). Which interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Providing heath supervision 2. Collaborating with physical therapy 3. Assisting with planning educational services 4. Prescribing medication for spasticity 5. Promoting growth and development

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for the nurse who is providing care to a client with a chronic condition include providing health supervision, collaborating with other specialties, assisting with planning educational services, and promoting growth and development. It is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe medication. The nurse could, however, administer prescribed medications if appropriate. 2. Appropriate interventions for the nurse who is providing care to a client with a chronic condition include providing health supervision, collaborating with other specialties, assisting with planning educational services, and promoting growth and development. It is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe medication. The nurse could, however, administer prescribed medications if appropriate. 3. Appropriate interventions for the nurse who is providing care to a client with a chronic condition include providing health supervision, collaborating with other specialties, assisting with planning educational services, and promoting growth and development. It is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe medication. The nurse could, however, administer prescribed medications if appropriate. 4. Appropriate interventions for the nurse who is providing care to a client with a chronic condition include providing health supervision, collaborating with other specialties, assisting with planning educational services, and promoting growth and development. It is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe medication. The nurse could, however, administer prescribed medications if appropriate. 5. Appropriate interventions for the nurse who is providing care to a client with a chronic condition include providing health supervision, collaborating with other specialties, assisting with planning educational services, and promoting growth and development. It is outside the scope of nursing practice to prescribe medication. The nurse could, however, administer prescribed medications if appropriate.

The nurse is assessing an adolescent and notes signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Which signs and symptoms led the nurse to believe the adolescent has this condition? Select all that apply. 1. Extreme weight loss 2. Depression 3. Irregular menses 4. Sedentary lifestyle 5. Bradycardia

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Extreme weight loss is a sign and symptom of anorexia nervosa. 2. Depression is a sign and symptom of anorexia nervosa. 3. Irregular menses is a sign and symptom of anorexia nervosa. 4. Sedentary lifestyle is not a sign and symptom of anorexia nervosa. 5. Bradycardia is a sign and symptom of anorexia nervosa.

) A preschool-age child has just had a moderate reaction to latex. When teaching the parents about latex allergy, the nurse should inform the parents of what common household items that contain latex? Select all that apply. 1. Rubber bands 2. Sneakers 3. Toothbrushes 4. Big Wheel® tricycle 5. Water toys

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Rubber bands, sneakers, toothbrushes, and water toys are household items that might contain latex. A Big Wheel® tricycle is plastic and does not contain latex. 2. Rubber bands, sneakers, toothbrushes, and water toys are household items that might contain latex. A Big Wheel® tricycle is plastic and does not contain latex. 3. Rubber bands, sneakers, toothbrushes, and water toys are household items that might contain latex. A Big Wheel® tricycle is plastic and does not contain latex. 4. Rubber bands, sneakers, toothbrushes, and water toys are household items that might contain latex. A Big Wheel® tricycle is plastic and does not contain latex. 5. Rubber bands, sneakers, toothbrushes, and water toys are household items that might contain latex. A Big Wheel® tricycle is plastic and does not contain latex

The nurse is assessing a school-age client who experienced blunt force trauma to the chest when an airbag deployed following a motor vehicle crash. Which areas of assessment are essential for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Monitor responsiveness and behavior. 2. Monitor SpO2. 3. Auscultate the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sounds. 4. Document input and output. 5. Note changes in voice quality or coughing

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. The areas of assessment that are essential for this client include: monitoring for responsive and behavior in order to detect hypoxia and the potential for airway obstruction; monitoring SpO2 frequently to identify changes indicating deterioration in condition; auscultating the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sound; and noting changes in voice quality or coughing. Documenting input and output is not a priority for this client. 2. The areas of assessment that are essential for this client include: monitoring for responsive and behavior in order to detect hypoxia and the potential for airway obstruction; monitoring SpO2 frequently to identify changes indicating deterioration in condition; auscultating the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sound; and noting changes in voice quality or coughing. Documenting input and output is not a priority for this client. 3. The areas of assessment that are essential for this client include: monitoring for responsive and behavior in order to detect hypoxia and the potential for airway obstruction; monitoring SpO2 frequently to identify changes indicating deterioration in condition; auscultating the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sound; and noting changes in voice quality or coughing. Documenting input and output is not a priority for this client. 4. The areas of assessment that are essential for this client include: monitoring for responsive and behavior in order to detect hypoxia and the potential for airway obstruction; monitoring SpO2 frequently to identify changes indicating deterioration in condition; auscultating the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sound; and noting changes in voice quality or coughing. Documenting input and output is not a priority for this client. 5. The areas of assessment that are essential for this client include: monitoring for responsive and behavior in order to detect hypoxia and the potential for airway obstruction; monitoring SpO2 frequently to identify changes indicating deterioration in condition; auscultating the lungs for crackles, wheezes, decreased breath sound; and noting changes in voice quality or coughing. Documenting input and output is not a priority for this client.

The nurse manager is assisting the organization to open a healthcare center. What items must the manager include in pediatric inventory? Select all that apply. 1. Preprinted drug dosage chart 2. Oxygen face masks 3. Pediatric chairs and litters 4. Length-based resuscitation tape 5. Oral and NG airways and laryngoscope blades

Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Essential equipment: child/neonate sized, proper weight dosage medications, smaller bags of IV fluids and special IV tubing, pediatric external defibrillator, pediatric oxygen masks/oral/NG airways and laryngoscope blades, length based resuscitation tapes and preprinted dosage chart to quickly identify equipment sizes and drug dosages by the length or weight of the child, essential emergency pediatric drugs and equipment. 2. Essential equipment: be child/neonate sized, proper weight dosage medications, smaller bags of IV fluids and special IV tubing, pediatric external defibrillator, pediatric oxygen masks/oral/NG airways and laryngoscope blades, length based resuscitation tapes and preprinted dosage chart to quickly identify equipment sizes and drug dosages by the length or weight of the child, essential emergency pediatric drugs and equipment. 3. Essential equipment: child/neonate sized, proper weight dosage medications, smaller bags of IV fluids and special IV tubing, pediatric external defibrillator, pediatric oxygen masks/oral/NG airways and laryngoscope blades, length based resuscitation tapes and preprinted dosage chart to quickly identify equipment sizes and drug dosages by the length or weight of the child, essential emergency pediatric drugs and equipment. Pediatric chairs and litters would be nice, but not essential. 4. Essential equipment: child/neonate sized, proper weight dosage medications, smaller bags of IV fluids and special IV tubing, pediatric external defibrillator, pediatric oxygen masks/oral/NG airways and laryngoscope blades, length based resuscitation tapes and preprinted dosage chart to quickly identify equipment sizes and drug dosages by the length or weight of the child, essential emergency pediatric drugs and equipment. 5. Essential equipment: child/neonate sized, proper weight dosage medications, smaller bags of IV fluids and special IV tubing, pediatric external defibrillator, pediatric oxygen masks/oral/NG airways and laryngoscope blades, length based resuscitation tapes and preprinted dosage chart to quickly identify equipment sizes and drug dosages by the length or weight of the child, essential emergency pediatric drugs and equipment.

The school nurse is teaching a class about safety. The nurse will teach the children that they should wear protective athletic gear when participating in selected activities. Which of these activities require protective athletic gear? Select all that apply. 1. Skateboarding 2. Playing football 3. Swimming 4. Playing lacrosse 5. Performing acrobatic tricks

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. Any sport that includes body contact requires a child to wear protective equipment. These include skateboarding, football, and lacrosse. Swimming and acrobatics do not have any requirements for protective equipment. 2. Any sport that includes body contact requires a child to wear protective equipment. These include skateboarding, football, and lacrosse. Swimming and acrobatics do not have any requirements for protective equipment. 3. Any sport that includes body contact requires a child to wear protective equipment. These include skateboarding, football, and lacrosse. Swimming and acrobatics do not have any requirements for protective equipment. 4. Any sport that includes body contact requires a child to wear protective equipment. These include skateboarding, football, and lacrosse. Swimming and acrobatics do not have any requirements for protective equipment. 5. Any sport that includes body contact requires a child to wear protective equipment. These include skateboarding, football, and lacrosse. Swimming and acrobatics do not have any requirements for protective equipment.

The nurse is teaching parents how to prevent a sickle cell crisis in the child with sickle cell disease. Which precipitating factors to a sickle cell crisis will the nurse include in the explanation? Select all that apply. 1. Fever 2. Dehydration 3. Regular exercise 4. Altitude 5. Increased fluid intake

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. Fever, dehydration, and altitude are precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis. Regular exercise and increased fluid intake are recommended activities for a child with sickle cell disease and will not contribute to a sickle cell crisis. 2. Fever, dehydration, and altitude are precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis. Regular exercise and increased fluid intake are recommended activities for a child with sickle cell disease and will not contribute to a sickle cell crisis. 3. Fever, dehydration, and altitude are precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis. Regular exercise and increased fluid intake are recommended activities for a child with sickle cell disease and will not contribute to a sickle cell crisis. 4. Fever, dehydration, and altitude are precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis. Regular exercise and increased fluid intake are recommended activities for a child with sickle cell disease and will not contribute to a sickle cell crisis. 5. Fever, dehydration, and altitude are precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis. Regular exercise and increased fluid intake are recommended activities for a child with sickle cell disease and will not contribute to a sickle cell crisis.

A 3-year-old has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. The guardians asked the nurse what respiratory symptoms they should expect to see. What will the nurse tell the guardians? Select all that apply. 1. Purulent nasal discharge 2. Frequent infections 3. Mottled nail beds 4. Chronic moist, productive cough 5. Increased fertility

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. Respiratory symptoms the guardians will see are: nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, frontal headaches, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal discharge, cough (chronic, moist, productive), wheezing, coarse crackles, frequent infections, shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes. 2. Respiratory symptoms the guardians will see are: nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, frontal headaches, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal discharge, cough (chronic, moist, productive), wheezing, coarse crackles, frequent infections, shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes. 3. Respiratory symptoms the guardians will see are: nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, frontal headaches, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal discharge, cough (chronic, moist, productive), wheezing, coarse crackles, frequent infections, shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes. 4. Respiratory symptoms the guardians will see are: nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, frontal headaches, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal discharge, cough (chronic, moist, productive), wheezing, coarse crackles, frequent infections, shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes. 5. Respiratory symptoms the guardians will see are: nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, frontal headaches, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal discharge, cough (chronic, moist, productive), wheezing, coarse crackles, frequent infections, shortness of breath, decreased exercise tolerance, barrel chest, and clubbing of fingers and toes

Which nursing assessment activities should be included for the child and family at each health-supervision visit? Select all that apply. 1. Interview to obtain an updated health history 2. Performing an age-appropriate development assessment 3. Monitoring parents' ability to pay for services 4. Performing age-appropriate screening examinations 5. Physical assessment for genetic abnormalities

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. The interview, the developmental assessment, and age-appropriate screenings are all included in the nursing assessment of a child and family during each health-supervision visit. A nurse would not assess the parents' financial status at each health-supervision visit. Physical assessments for genetic abnormalities would be done based on history and physical findings, not at each routine visit. 2. The interview, the developmental assessment, and age-appropriate screenings are all included in the nursing assessment of a child and family during each health-supervision visit. A nurse would not assess the parents' financial status at each health-supervision visit. Physical assessments for genetic abnormalities would be done based on history and physical findings, not at each routine visit. 3. The interview, the developmental assessment, and age-appropriate screenings are all included in the nursing assessment of a child and family during each health-supervision visit. A nurse would not assess the parents' financial status at each health-supervision visit. Physical assessments for genetic abnormalities would be done based on history and physical findings, not at each routine visit. 4. The interview, the developmental assessment, and age-appropriate screenings are all included in the nursing assessment of a child and family during each health-supervision visit. A nurse would not assess the parents' financial status at each health-supervision visit. Physical assessments for genetic abnormalities would be done based on history and physical findings, not at each routine visit. 5. The interview, the developmental assessment, and age-appropriate screenings are all included in the nursing assessment of a child and family during each health-supervision visit. A nurse would not assess the parents' financial status at each health-supervision visit. Physical assessments for genetic abnormalities would be done based on history and physical findings, not at each routine visit

The nurse is assessing a toddler's development of communication skills. The nurse recognizes that a toddler communicates in what ways? Select all that apply. 1. Expressive jargon 2. Interpersonal skills and contact with other children 3. Uses all parts of speech 4. Temper tantrums 5. Enjoys talking

Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Toddlers use expressive jargon as a communication skill. 2. Toddlers learn interpersonal skills while being in contact with other children. 3. Preschool-age children can use all parts of speech with frequent errors. 4. Toddlers use temper tantrums occasionally as a communication skill. 5. Toddlers enjoy talking.

It is important that parents of adolescents with special needs transition care of the adolescent so they can learn to make good decisions on their own. Which items are considered transitional needs? Select all that apply. 1. Attending school 2. Discussing sexual matters 3. Letting most friends know of the medical condition 4. Socialization beyond the family 5. To write his or her own individualized healthcare plan

Answer: 1, 2, 4 Explanation: 1. Transitional needs toward independence include attending school, discussion of sexual matters, and socialization beyond the family. The other areas are not transitional needs. 2. Transitional needs toward independence include attending school, discussion of sexual matters, and socialization beyond the family. The other areas are not transitional needs. 3. Transitional needs toward independence include attending school, discussion of sexual matters, and socialization beyond the family. The other areas are not transitional needs. 4. Transitional needs toward independence include attending school, discussion of sexual matters, and socialization beyond the family. The other areas are not transitional needs. 5. Transitional needs toward independence include attending school, discussion of sexual matters, and socialization beyond the family. The other areas are not transitional needs.

The nurse is asked to teach injury prevention measures to a classroom of 4-year-old preschoolers. Which teaching points are most appropriate at this age? Select all that apply. 1. Stop, drop and roll if clothes catch fire 2. Never go into the road alone. 3. Acceptable places for climbing 4. Safe meeting place outside the house in case of fire 5. Car seat safety

Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Acceptable places to climb should be introduced in the toddler years when children are learning to walk, climb, and explore. It is not a topic for a preschool class. All the other topics are appropriate for this age. 2. Acceptable places to climb should be introduced in the toddler years when children are learning to walk, climb, and explore. It is not a topic for a preschool class. All the other topics are appropriate for this age. 3. Acceptable places to climb should be introduced in the toddler years when children are learning to walk, climb, and explore. It is not a topic for a preschool class. All the other topics are appropriate for this age. 4. Acceptable places to climb should be introduced in the toddler years when children are learning to walk, climb, and explore. It is not a topic for a preschool class. All the other topics are appropriate for this age. 5. Acceptable places to climb should be introduced in the toddler years when children are learning to walk, climb, and explore. It is not a topic for a preschool class. All the other topics are appropriate for this age.

The nurse in the long-term care clinic is reviewing the charts of a group of children with chronic physical, psychological, functional, and social limitations. Which conditions are most likely to lead to chronic limitations? Select all that apply. 1. Near drowning 2. Congenital heart defect 3. Sinusitis 4. Fetal insult when the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy 5. Sepsis contracted as a neonate

Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. All of these conditions or events except sinusitis can leave a child with a permanent chronic condition. 2. All of these conditions or events except sinusitis can leave a child with a permanent chronic condition. 3. All of these conditions or events except sinusitis can leave a child with a permanent chronic condition. 4. All of these conditions or events except sinusitis can leave a child with a permanent chronic condition. 5. All of these conditions or events except sinusitis can leave a child with a permanent chronic condition.

Parents of a child who will begin enteral feedings ask the nurse what advantage this type of feeding has over other methods. Which responses by the nurse are the most appropriate? Select all that apply. 1. "Enteral feeding is the closest to natural feeding methods." 2. "The child must be able to absorb nutrients." 3. "Enteral feeding is complex to administer." 4. "Enteral feeding requires a central venous catheter." 5. "Enteral feeding has a high success rate."

Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Enteral feedings are the closest to natural feeding methods. The child must be able to absorb nutrients. Enteral feeding has a high success rate. It is not complex to administer, and does not require a central venous catheter. 2. Enteral feedings are the closest to natural feeding methods. The child must be able to absorb nutrients. Enteral feeding has a high success rate. It is not complex to administer, and does not require a central venous catheter. 3. Enteral feedings are the closest to natural feeding methods. The child must be able to absorb nutrients. Enteral feeding has a high success rate. It is not complex to administer, and does not require a central venous catheter. 4. Enteral feedings are the closest to natural feeding methods. The child must be able to absorb nutrients. Enteral feeding has a high success rate. It is not complex to administer, and does not require a central venous catheter. 5. Enteral feedings are the closest to natural feeding methods. The child must be able to absorb nutrients. Enteral feeding has a high success rate. It is not complex to administer, and does not require a central venous catheter.

A follow-up visit for a newborn client is scheduled with the pediatric nurse practitioner 3 days after discharge. What will the nurse include in the assessment during the scheduled visit for this newborn? Select all that apply. 1. Feeding pattern 2. Jaundice 3. Length 4. Vision screen 5. Sleep pattern

Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Feeding pattern, sleep pattern, and jaundice assessment would be appropriate 3 days after discharge. It would not be necessary to do a length or vision screen at this age. 2. Feeding pattern, sleep pattern, and jaundice assessment would be appropriate 3 days after discharge. It would not be necessary to do a length or vision screen at this age. 3. Feeding pattern, sleep pattern, and jaundice assessment would be appropriate 3 days after discharge. It would not be necessary to do a length or vision screen at this age. 4. Feeding pattern, sleep pattern, and jaundice assessment would be appropriate 3 days after discharge. It would not be necessary to do a length or vision screen at this age. 5. Feeding pattern, sleep pattern, and jaundice assessment would be appropriate 3 days after discharge. It would not be necessary to do a length or vision screen at this age. Page Ref: 156

The nurse is preparing to complete a health surveillance appointment with a school-age client and parents. Which observations would necessitate the need for further assessment by the nurse? Select all that apply. 1. Client who does not make eye contact 2. Client with visible bruises in various stages of healing 3. Client holding a video game talking with parent 4. Client playing a card game with sibling 5. Client who appears red in the face while walking to exam room

Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Nursing assessment begins with the first encounter with the client and the family. The nurse would want to further explore a client who does not make eye contact, who has bruises in various stages of healing, and a client who appears red in the face while walking to the exam room. All of these items may be clues to emotional issues, physical violence, and health related issues, such as hypertension. A client who is holding a video game and talking to the parent and a client who is playing a card game with a sibling are not observations that are abnormal for the school-age client. 2. Nursing assessment begins with the first encounter with the client and the family. The nurse would want to further explore a client who does not make eye contact, who has bruises in various stages of healing, and a client who appears red in the face while walking to the exam room. All of these items may be clues to emotional issues, physical violence, and health related issues, such as hypertension. A client who is holding a video game and talking to the parent and a client who is playing a card game with a sibling are not observations that are abnormal for the school-age client. 3. Nursing assessment begins with the first encounter with the client and the family. The nurse would want to further explore a client who does not make eye contact, who has bruises in various stages of healing, and a client who appears red in the face while walking to the exam room. All of these items may be clues to emotional issues, physical violence, and health related issues, such as hypertension. A client who is holding a video game and talking to the parent and a client who is playing a card game with a sibling are not observations that are abnormal for the school-age client. 4. Nursing assessment begins with the first encounter with the client and the family. The nurse would want to further explore a client who does not make eye contact, who has bruises in various stages of healing, and a client who appears red in the face while walking to the exam room. All of these items may be clues to emotional issues, physical violence, and health related issues, such as hypertension. A client who is holding a video game and talking to the parent and a client who is playing a card game with a sibling are not observations that are abnormal for the school-age client. 5. Nursing assessment begins with the first encounter with the client and the family. The nurse would want to further explore a client who does not make eye contact, who has bruises in various stages of healing, and a client who appears red in the face while walking to the exam room. All of these items may be clues to emotional issues, physical violence, and health related issues, such as hypertension. A client who is holding a video game and talking to the parent and a client who is playing a card game with a sibling are not observations that are abnormal for the school-age client.

Which of the following are components of family-centered care? Select all that apply. 1. Recognizing and building on family strengths 2. Meeting the emotional, social, and developmental needs of the child and family 3. Respect all parenting practices 4. Support all cultural practices 5. Encourage parent-to-parent support

Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. Recognizing and building on family strengths are one of the components of family-centered care. 2. Meeting the emotional, social, and developmental needs of the child and family are included in the components of family-centered care. 3. Respecting all parenting practices is not one of the components of family-centered care. 4. Supporting all cultural practices is not one of the components of family-centered care. 5. Encouraging parent-to-parent support is one of the components of family-centered care.

When reviewing the adolescent health record, which immunizations should the nurse encourage? Select all that apply. 1. Varicella 2. Human papillomavirus 3. HIV 4. Cholesterol 5. Hepatitis B

Answer: 1, 2, 5 Explanation: 1. When identifying immunizations needed by the adolescent some of the questions to ask would be: When was the last tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster? Was a second measles-mumps-rubella administered? Is hepatitis A common in your state? Has the youth had hepatitis B vaccine? Did the youth have a documented history of varicella disease? Has the youth received meningococcal vaccine? Have the adolescent female and male received the human papillomavirus vaccine? Has the youth received the annual influenza vaccine? 2. When identifying immunizations needed by the adolescent some of the questions to ask would be: When was the last tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster? Was a second measles-mumps-rubella administered? Is hepatitis A common in your state? Has the youth had hepatitis B vaccine? Did the youth have a documented history of varicella disease? Has the youth received meningococcal vaccine? Have the adolescent female and male received the human papillomavirus vaccine? Has the youth received the annual influenza vaccine? 3. When identifying immunizations needed by the adolescent some of the questions to ask would be: When was the last tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster? Was a second measles-mumps-rubella administered? Is hepatitis A common in your state? Has the youth had hepatitis B vaccine? Did the youth have a documented history of varicella disease? Has the youth received meningococcal vaccine? Have the adolescent female and male received the human papillomavirus vaccine? Has the youth received the annual influenza vaccine? HIV is not needed unless the adolescent is sexually active with same sex partner or many partners or has symptoms. 4. When identifying immunizations needed by the adolescent some of the questions to ask would be: When was the last tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster? Was a second measles-mumps-rubella administered? Is hepatitis A common in your state? Has the youth had hepatitis B vaccine? Did the youth have a documented history of varicella disease? Has the youth received meningococcal vaccine? Have the adolescent female and male received the human papillomavirus vaccine? Has the youth received the annual influenza vaccine? Cholesterol is not needed unless the adolescent eats a high fat diet or there is a family history of high cholesterol. 5. When identifying immunizations needed by the adolescent some of the questions to ask would be: When was the last tetanus-diphtheria (Td) booster? Was a second measles-mumps-rubella administered? Is hepatitis A common in your state? Has the youth had hepatitis B vaccine? Did the youth have a documented history of varicella disease? Has the youth received meningococcal vaccine? Have the adolescent female and male received the human papillomavirus vaccine? Has the youth received the annual influenza vaccine?

The emergency-room nurse receives a preschool-age child who was hit by a car. Which nursing interventions are a priority for this child? Select all that apply. 1. Performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment 2. Recording the parents' insurance information 3. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation 4. Asking the parents about organ donation 5. Asking the parents if anyone witnessed the accident

Answer: 1, 3 Explanation: 1. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation and performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment are the priority nursing interventions. Asking the parents about organ donation is insensitive until the extent of the child's injuries is known. Recording insurance information is necessary but should never come before lifesaving assessment and intervention. Detailed information about the accident is helpful in determining the child's point of impact with the car and mechanism of injury, but this is not the initial priority. 2. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation and performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment are the priority nursing interventions. Asking the parents about organ donation is insensitive until the extent of the child's injuries is known. Recording insurance information is necessary but should never come before lifesaving assessment and intervention. Detailed information about the accident is helpful in determining the child's point of impact with the car and mechanism of injury, but this is not the initial priority. 3. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation and performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment are the priority nursing interventions. Asking the parents about organ donation is insensitive until the extent of the child's injuries is known. Recording insurance information is necessary but should never come before lifesaving assessment and intervention. Detailed information about the accident is helpful in determining the child's point of impact with the car and mechanism of injury, but this is not the initial priority. 4. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation and performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment are the priority nursing interventions. Asking the parents about organ donation is insensitive until the extent of the child's injuries is known. Recording insurance information is necessary but should never come before lifesaving assessment and intervention. Detailed information about the accident is helpful in determining the child's point of impact with the car and mechanism of injury, but this is not the initial priority. 5. Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation and performing a rapid head-to-toe assessment are the priority nursing interventions. Asking the parents about organ donation is insensitive until the extent of the child's injuries is known. Recording insurance information is necessary but should never come before lifesaving assessment and intervention. Detailed information about the accident is helpful in determining the child's point of impact with the car and mechanism of injury, but this is not the initial priority.

) A new parent group inquires about the stages through which their children will progress as they grow older. The nurse is discussing Piaget's developmental stages. In what order would the nurse expect the child to progress through Piaget's stages of development? 1. Sensorimotor 2. Formal operational 3. Preoperational 4. Concrete operational

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 2 Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational

The nurse working with a family has observed that the older children have a large number of dental caries and plans to provide the mother with information to prevent the development of dental caries in her new infant. Which interventions will prevent the development of dental caries in the infant? Select all that apply. 1. Avoiding nursing or giving the infant a bottle at bedtime 2. Giving foods high in sugar only at breakfast time 3. Using a soft moist gauze for cleaning 4. Using a topical anesthetic daily beginning as soon as the first tooth begins to erupt

Answer: 1, 3 Explanation: 1. The only interventions that will assist in the prevention of dental caries listed in this question are wiping the gums with a soft, moist gauze and avoiding putting the infant to bed with a bottle. Foods high in sugar should be avoided in the infant period. Topical anesthetic should not be applied daily. 2. The only interventions that will assist in the prevention of dental caries listed in this question are wiping the gums with a soft, moist gauze and avoiding putting the infant to bed with a bottle. Foods high in sugar should be avoided in the infant period. Topical anesthetic should not be applied daily. 3. The only interventions that will assist in the prevention of dental caries listed in this question are wiping the gums with a soft, moist gauze and avoiding putting the infant to bed with a bottle. Foods high in sugar should be avoided in the infant period. Topical anesthetic should not be applied daily. 4. The only interventions that will assist in the prevention of dental caries listed in this question are wiping the gums with a soft, moist gauze and avoiding putting the infant to bed with a bottle. Foods high in sugar should be avoided in the infant period. Topical anesthetic should not be applied daily.

Match the behaviors with its stage of separation anxiety the child may exhibit. A. Protest B. Despair C. Denial 1. Withdrawal or compliant behavior 2. Appearance of being happy and content with everyone 3. Clinging to parents 4. Lack of protest when parents leave 5. Screaming and crying 6. Sadness

Answer: 1/B, 2/C, 3/A, 4/C, 5/A, 6/B 1. Despair 2. Denial 3. Protest 4. Denial 5. Protest 6. Despair

While the nurse is conducting the history of a school-age child, the parents admit to owning firearms. Which safety measures are appropriate to include in the teaching plan for this family? Select all that apply. 1. Using a gun lock on all firearms in the house 2. Taking the child to a shooting range for lessons on how to use a gun properly 3. Storing the guns and ammunition in separate places 4. Keeping all the guns in a locked cabinet 5. Explaining the dangers of a gun to the child and telling her explicitly to never touch it

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Over 4000 youth from 10 to 19 years old die from firearm homicides annually, and approximately 1500 additional youth die from firearm suicide. Firearm homicide is the second leading cause of injury death for youth, and firearm suicide is the fifth leading cause of injury death for youth (CDC, 2011c). The safety measures of using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet will at least make the guns less accessible. Telling a child that a gun is "dangerous" and not to be touched will probably make it more fascinating. Even with knowledge of the proper use of a firearm, a 10-year-old child's judgment may not be mature enough to prevent misuse of it. 2. Over 4000 youth from 10 to 19 years old die from firearm homicides annually, and approximately 1500 additional youth die from firearm suicide. Firearm homicide is the second leading cause of injury death for youth, and firearm suicide is the fifth leading cause of injury death for youth (CDC, 2011c). The safety measures of using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet will at least make the guns less accessible. Telling a child that a gun is "dangerous" and not to be touched will probably make it more fascinating. Even with knowledge of the proper use of a firearm, a 10-year-old child's judgment may not be mature enough to prevent misuse of it. 3. Over 4000 youth from 10 to 19 years old die from firearm homicides annually, and approximately 1500 additional youth die from firearm suicide. Firearm homicide is the second leading cause of injury death for youth, and firearm suicide is the fifth leading cause of injury death for youth (CDC, 2011c). The safety measures of using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet will at least make the guns less accessible. Telling a child that a gun is "dangerous" and not to be touched will probably make it more fascinating. Even with knowledge of the proper use of a firearm, a 10-year-old child's judgment may not be mature enough to prevent misuse of it. 4. Over 4000 youth from 10 to 19 years old die from firearm homicides annually, and approximately 1500 additional youth die from firearm suicide. Firearm homicide is the second leading cause of injury death for youth, and firearm suicide is the fifth leading cause of injury death for youth (CDC, 2011c). The safety measures of using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet will at least make the guns less accessible. Telling a child that a gun is "dangerous" and not to be touched will probably make it more fascinating. Even with knowledge of the proper use of a firearm, a 10-year-old child's judgment may not be mature enough to prevent misuse of it. 5. Over 4000 youth from 10 to 19 years old die from firearm homicides annually, and approximately 1500 additional youth die from firearm suicide. Firearm homicide is the second leading cause of injury death for youth, and firearm suicide is the fifth leading cause of injury death for youth (CDC, 2011c). The safety measures of using a gun lock, keeping the gun and ammunition separate, and putting the guns in a locked cabinet will at least make the guns less accessible. Telling a child that a gun is "dangerous" and not to be touched will probably make it more fascinating. Even with knowledge of the proper use of a firearm, a 10-year-old child's judgment may not be mature enough to prevent misuse of it

The nurse is teaching a mother of a 2-month-old that she will begin to introduce certain foods to the diet between 4 and 6 months. The nurse should recommend what foods? Select all that apply. 1. Vegetables 2. Pasta 3. Rice cereal 4. Fruits 5. Soups

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Reinforce proper introduction of new foods, to include rice cereal, vegetables, and fruits. Discuss any unusual food reactions observed. Pasta and soups are not advised at this time. 2. Reinforce proper introduction of new foods, to include rice cereal, vegetables, and fruits. Discuss any unusual food reactions observed. Pasta and soups are not advised at this time. 3. Reinforce proper introduction of new foods, to include rice cereal, vegetables, and fruits. Discuss any unusual food reactions observed. Pasta and soups are not advised at this time. 4. Reinforce proper introduction of new foods, to include rice cereal, vegetables, and fruits. Discuss any unusual food reactions observed. Pasta and soups are not advised at this time. 5. Reinforce proper introduction of new foods, to include rice cereal, vegetables, and fruits. Discuss any unusual food reactions observed. Pasta and soups are not advised at this time.

Which of these aspects of developmental health supervision should be included in each healthcare visit of young children? Select all that apply. 1. Assessment 2. Discipline 3. Education 4. Intervention 5. Toilet training

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. The main recommendations for developmental health supervision of young children include assessment, education, intervention, and care coordination. This standard framework should be used as guidelines for each healthcare visit. Discipline and toilet training, while important to the care of children, are age specific and not part of the main developmental plans. 2. The main recommendations for developmental health supervision of young children include assessment, education, intervention, and care coordination. This standard framework should be used as guidelines for each healthcare visit. Discipline and toilet training, while important to the care of children, are age specific and not part of the main developmental plans. 3. The main recommendations for developmental health supervision of young children include assessment, education, intervention, and care coordination. This standard framework should be used as guidelines for each healthcare visit. Discipline and toilet training, while important to the care of children, are age specific and not part of the main developmental plans. 4. The main recommendations for developmental health supervision of young children include assessment, education, intervention, and care coordination. This standard framework should be used as guidelines for each healthcare visit. Discipline and toilet training, while important to the care of children, are age specific and not part of the main developmental plans. 5. The main recommendations for developmental health supervision of young children include assessment, education, intervention, and care coordination. This standard framework should be used as guidelines for each healthcare visit. Discipline and toilet training, while important to the care of children, are age specific and not part of the main developmental plans

A 7-year-old child presents to the clinic with an exacerbation of asthma symptoms. On physical examination, the nurse would expect which assessment findings? Select all that apply. 1. Wheezing 2. Increased tactile fremitus 3. Decreased vocal resonance 4. Decreased tactile fremitus 5. Bronchophony

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs in asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations felt, not an increase in tactile fremitus, which is indicative of pneumonia. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds. This is also indicative of pneumonia but not asthma, which causes a decrease in vocal resonance. 2. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs in asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations felt, not an increase in tactile fremitus, which is indicative of pneumonia. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds. This is also indicative of pneumonia but not asthma, which causes a decrease in vocal resonance. 3. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs in asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations felt, not an increase in tactile fremitus, which is indicative of pneumonia. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds. This is also indicative of pneumonia but not asthma, which causes a decrease in vocal resonance. 4. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs in asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations felt, not an increase in tactile fremitus, which is indicative of pneumonia. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds. This is also indicative of pneumonia but not asthma, which causes a decrease in vocal resonance. 5. Wheezing is caused by air passing through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway, which is a condition present in asthma exacerbations. The air trapping in the lungs that occurs in asthma causes a decrease in the sensation of vibrations felt, not an increase in tactile fremitus, which is indicative of pneumonia. Bronchophony is an increase in the intensity and clarity of transmitted sounds. This is also indicative of pneumonia but not asthma, which causes a decrease in vocal resonance.

An infant with tetralogy of Fallot is having a hypercyanotic episode ("tet" spell). Which nursing interventions are appropriate for the nurse to implement for this infant? Select all that apply. 1. Place the child in knee-chest position. 2. Draw blood for a serum hemoglobin. 3. Administer oxygen. 4. Administer morphine and propranolol intravenously as ordered. 5. Administer Benadryl as ordered

Answer: 1, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. When an infant with tetralogy of Fallot has a hypercyanotic episode, interventions should be geared toward decreasing the pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, the nurse would place the infant in knee-chest position (to decrease venous blood return from the lower extremities), and administer oxygen, morphine, and propranolol (to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance). The nurse would not draw blood until the episode had subsided, because unpleasant procedures are postponed. Benadryl is not appropriate for this child. 2. When an infant with tetralogy of Fallot has a hypercyanotic episode, interventions should be geared toward decreasing the pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, the nurse would place the infant in knee-chest position (to decrease venous blood return from the lower extremities), and administer oxygen, morphine, and propranolol (to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance). The nurse would not draw blood until the episode had subsided, because unpleasant procedures are postponed. Benadryl is not appropriate for this child. 3. When an infant with tetralogy of Fallot has a hypercyanotic episode, interventions should be geared toward decreasing the pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, the nurse would place the infant in knee-chest position (to decrease venous blood return from the lower extremities), and administer oxygen, morphine, and propranolol (to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance). The nurse would not draw blood until the episode had subsided, because unpleasant procedures are postponed. Benadryl is not appropriate for this child. 4. When an infant with tetralogy of Fallot has a hypercyanotic episode, interventions should be geared toward decreasing the pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, the nurse would place the infant in knee-chest position (to decrease venous blood return from the lower extremities), and administer oxygen, morphine, and propranolol (to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance). The nurse would not draw blood until the episode had subsided, because unpleasant procedures are postponed. Benadryl is not appropriate for this child. 5. When an infant with tetralogy of Fallot has a hypercyanotic episode, interventions should be geared toward decreasing the pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, the nurse would place the infant in knee-chest position (to decrease venous blood return from the lower extremities), and administer oxygen, morphine, and propranolol (to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance). The nurse would not draw blood until the episode had subsided, because unpleasant procedures are postponed. Benadryl is not appropriate for this child.

A school nurse is planning care for a school-age child recently diagnosed with asthma. Which items will the school nurse include in the plan of care at the school? Select all that apply. 1. Maintain a log of quick-relief medication administration. 2. Call the parents if quick-relief medications work appropriately. 3. Assess for symptoms of exercise-induced bronchospasm. 4. Coordinate education of the child's teachers. 5. Conduct a support group for all children with asthma.

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to include in the plan of care include: keeping a log of the quick-relief medications administered; assessing the child for exercise-induced bronchospasms and reporting, if needed; coordinating education of the child's teachers; and conducting a support group for all children in the school with asthma. The nurse would only call the parents if the quick-relief mediation was not effective in treating the child's symptoms. 2. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to include in the plan of care include: keeping a log of the quick-relief medications administered; assessing the child for exercise-induced bronchospasms and reporting, if needed; coordinating education of the child's teachers; and conducting a support group for all children in the school with asthma. The nurse would only call the parents if the quick-relief mediation was not effective in treating the child's symptoms. 3. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to include in the plan of care include: keeping a log of the quick-relief medications administered; assessing the child for exercise-induced bronchospasms and reporting, if needed; coordinating education of the child's teachers; and conducting a support group for all children in the school with asthma. The nurse would only call the parents if the quick-relief mediation was not effective in treating the child's symptoms. 4. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to include in the plan of care include: keeping a log of the quick-relief medications administered; assessing the child for exercise-induced bronchospasms and reporting, if needed; coordinating education of the child's teachers; and conducting a support group for all children in the school with asthma. The nurse would only call the parents if the quick-relief mediation was not effective in treating the child's symptoms. 5. Appropriate interventions for the school nurse to include in the plan of care include: keeping a log of the quick-relief medications administered; assessing the child for exercise-induced bronchospasms and reporting, if needed; coordinating education of the child's teachers; and conducting a support group for all children in the school with asthma. The nurse would only call the parents if the quick-relief mediation was not effective in treating the child's symptoms.

) A 2-year-old child is seen in the clinic with swelling in the eyelid, mattering and difficulty opening the eye in the morning, the healthcare provider is ordering an antibiotic for bacterial conjunctivitis. What organisms could be causing this infection? Select all that apply. 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Pneumococcal pneumoniae 3. Haemophilus influenza 4. Streptococcus pneumoniae 5. Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Common infectious organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis include: S. aureus, H. influenza, S. pneumonia, and M. catarrhalis. 2. Common infectious organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis include: S. aureus, H. influenza, S. pneumonia, and M. catarrhalis. 3. This is a common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis. 4. Common infectious organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis include: S. aureus, H. influenza, S. pneumonia, and M. catarrhalis. 5. Common infectious organisms in bacterial conjunctivitis include: S. aureus, H. influenza, S. pneumonia, and M. catarrhalis.

The family has just been informed by the healthcare provider that their newborn is diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The family tells the nurse that the healthcare provider told them that TOF is comprised of several defects, and they ask the nurse what the defects are. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply. 1. Pulmonary stenosis 2. Coarctation of the aorta 3. Right ventricular hypertrophy 4. Ventral septal defect 5. Overriding aorta

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Four defects are involved with TOF include: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventral septal defect, and overriding aorta. 2. Four defects are involved with TOF include: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventral septal defect, and overriding aorta. 3. Four defects are involved with TOF include: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventral septal defect, and overriding aorta. 4. Four defects are involved with TOF include: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventral septal defect, and overriding aorta. 5. Four defects are involved with TOF include: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventral septal defect, and overriding aorta

A child who has undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is ready for discharge. Which items will the nurse include in the discharge teaching for this child and family? Select all that apply. 1. Recognize the signs of graft-versus-host disease. 2. Return the child to school within six weeks. 3. Practice good handwashing. 4. Avoid obtaining influenza vaccinations. 5. Avoid live plants and fresh vegetables

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. A child who is preparing for discharge after a HSCT will require specific interventions to decrease the risk of contracting communicable illnesses. Appropriate teaching points include: recognizing the signs of graft-versus-host disease; practicing good handwashing; and avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables. The child will require home schooling for 6 to 12 months. The child and family members should be encouraged to obtain yearly influenza vaccinations. 2. A child who is preparing for discharge after a HSCT will require specific interventions to decrease the risk of contracting communicable illnesses. Appropriate teaching points include: recognizing the signs of graft-versus-host disease; practicing good handwashing; and avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables. The child will require home schooling for 6 to 12 months. The child and family members should be encouraged to obtain yearly influenza vaccinations. 3. A child who is preparing for discharge after a HSCT will require specific interventions to decrease the risk of contracting communicable illnesses. Appropriate teaching points include: recognizing the signs of graft-versus-host disease; practicing good handwashing; and avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables. The child will require home schooling for 6 to 12 months. The child and family members should be encouraged to obtain yearly influenza vaccinations. 4. A child who is preparing for discharge after a HSCT will require specific interventions to decrease the risk of contracting communicable illnesses. Appropriate teaching points include: recognizing the signs of graft-versus-host disease; practicing good handwashing; and avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables. The child will require home schooling for 6 to 12 months. The child and family members should be encouraged to obtain yearly influenza vaccinations. 5. A child who is preparing for discharge after a HSCT will require specific interventions to decrease the risk of contracting communicable illnesses. Appropriate teaching points include: recognizing the signs of graft-versus-host disease; practicing good handwashing; and avoiding live plants and fresh vegetables. The child will require home schooling for 6 to 12 months. The child and family members should be encouraged to obtain yearly influenza vaccinations

While in the pediatrician's office for their child's 12-month well-child exam, the parents ask the nurse for advice on age-appropriate toys for their child. Based on the child's developmental level, which types of toys would the nurse suggest? Select all that apply. 1. Soft toys that can be manipulated 2. Small toys that can pop apart and go back together 3. Jack-in-the-box toys 4. Toys with black and white patterns 5. Push-and-pull toys

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Both gross and fine motor skills are becoming more developed, and children at this age enjoy toys that can help them refine these skills. They tend to enjoy more colorful toys at this age and are more mobile and thus have less interest in placing toys in their mouths and more interest in toys that can be manipulated. 2. Both gross and fine motor skills are becoming more developed, and children at this age enjoy toys that can help them refine these skills. They tend to enjoy more colorful toys at this age and are more mobile and thus have less interest in placing toys in their mouths and more interest in toys that can be manipulated. 3. Both gross and fine motor skills are becoming more developed, and children at this age enjoy toys that can help them refine these skills. They tend to enjoy more colorful toys at this age and are more mobile and thus have less interest in placing toys in their mouths and more interest in toys that can be manipulated. 4. Both gross and fine motor skills are becoming more developed, and children at this age enjoy toys that can help them refine these skills. They tend to enjoy more colorful toys at this age and are more mobile and thus have less interest in placing toys in their mouths and more interest in toys that can be manipulated. 5. Both gross and fine motor skills are becoming more developed, and children at this age enjoy toys that can help them refine these skills. They tend to enjoy more colorful toys at this age and are more mobile and thus have less interest in placing toys in their mouths and more interest in toys that can be manipulated.

The nurse is providing care to a preschool-age client who was admitted to the medical-surgical unit after an acute asthma attack. Which interventions foster a family-centered focus to client care? Select all that apply. 1. Discussing rooming in with the parents of the client 2. Allowing the client to "cry it out" after the parents leave for the evening 3. Providing comfort items from home, such as a blanket 4. Maintaining strict visitation for the family 5. Discussing what to expect during the hospital stay

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Family-centered care principles that are used in the hospital setting include rooming in, providing comfort items from home, and discussing what to expect. Allowing the child to "cry it out" and maintaining strict visitation for the family are not family-centered principles. 2. Family-centered care principles that are used in the hospital setting include rooming in, providing comfort items from home, and discussing what to expect. Allowing the child to "cry it out" and maintaining strict visitation for the family are not family-centered principles. 3. Family-centered care principles that are used in the hospital setting include rooming in, providing comfort items from home, and discussing what to expect. Allowing the child to "cry it out" and maintaining strict visitation for the family are not family-centered principles. 4. Family-centered care principles that are used in the hospital setting include rooming in, providing comfort items from home, and discussing what to expect. Allowing the child to "cry it out" and maintaining strict visitation for the family are not family-centered principles. 5. Family-centered care principles that are used in the hospital setting include rooming in, providing comfort items from home, and discussing what to expect. Allowing the child to "cry it out" and maintaining strict visitation for the family are not family-centered principles.

The nurse is teaching the adolescent and family about sleep hygiene. What behaviors should the nurse suggest? Select all that apply. 1. Avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening 2. Sleep 12 hours a day 3. Avoid caffeine, tea, coffee, carbonated beverages and energy drinks for several hours before sleep. 4. Avoid setting an alarm clock 5. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. General information about sleep includes no drinks or food with stimulants, go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends, and avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening. 2. General information about sleep includes no drinks or food with stimulants, go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends, and avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening. Sleeping 12 hours is not required—sleep is not made up if it is lost. 3. General information about sleep includes no drinks or food with stimulants, go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends, and avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening. 4. General information about sleep includes no drinks or food with stimulants, go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends, and avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening. Avoiding setting an alarm clock does not help the adolescent get and maintain good restful sleep. 5. General information about sleep includes no drinks or food with stimulants, go to bed and get up at the same time each day, including weekends, and avoid naps in the late afternoon and evening.

The nurse is conducting a health surveillance visit with a 6-month-old infant. Which methods are appropriate to monitor the infant's growth pattern since birth? Select all that apply. 1. Weight the infant twice and average together 2. Measure the infant's height 3. Measure the infant's head circumference 4. Determine the infant's body mass index 5. Plot the infant's growth on appropriate chart

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. In order to determine the infant's growth pattern, the nurse will obtain two weights and average them together, measure the infant's head circumference, and obtain the infant's length, not height. After the measurements have been obtained the nurse will plot the measurements on the appropriate growth chart and monitor the infant's growth pattern. Body mass index is not determined during infancy. 2. In order to determine the infant's growth pattern, the nurse will obtain two weights and average them together, measure the infant's head circumference, and obtain the infant's length, not height. After the measurements have been obtained the nurse will plot the measurements on the appropriate growth chart and monitor the infant's growth pattern. Body mass index is not determined during infancy. 3. In order to determine the infant's growth pattern, the nurse will obtain two weights and average them together, measure the infant's head circumference, and obtain the infant's length, not height. After the measurements have been obtained the nurse will plot the measurements on the appropriate growth chart and monitor the infant's growth pattern. Body mass index is not determined during infancy. 4. In order to determine the infant's growth pattern, the nurse will obtain two weights and average them together, measure the infant's head circumference, and obtain the infant's length, not height. After the measurements have been obtained the nurse will plot the measurements on the appropriate growth chart and monitor the infant's growth pattern. Body mass index is not determined during infancy. 5. In order to determine the infant's growth pattern, the nurse will obtain two weights and average them together, measure the infant's head circumference, and obtain the infant's length, not height. After the measurements have been obtained the nurse will plot the measurements on the appropriate growth chart and monitor the infant's growth pattern. Body mass index is not determined during infancy.

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client admitted to the emergency department following a motor vehicle crash. The client is exhibiting symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit. 2. Monitor liver enzymes. 3. Administer oxygen, as needed. 4. Administer a dextrose solution. 5. Monitor blood glucose.

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Nursing care for a client experiencing hypovolemic shock is aimed at monitoring the child's condition and response to clinical therapy. It is appropriate for the nurse to monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose. The nurse will also administer oxygen. The nurse will administer large volumes of crystalloid fluids (normal saline or lactated Ringer's), not dextrose. It is not necessary to monitor liver enzymes for this client. 2. Nursing care for a client experiencing hypovolemic shock is aimed at monitoring the child's condition and response to clinical therapy. It is appropriate for the nurse to monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose. The nurse will also administer oxygen. The nurse will administer large volumes of crystalloid fluids (normal saline or lactated Ringer's), not dextrose. It is not necessary to monitor liver enzymes for this client. 3. Nursing care for a client experiencing hypovolemic shock is aimed at monitoring the child's condition and response to clinical therapy. It is appropriate for the nurse to monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose. The nurse will also administer oxygen. The nurse will administer large volumes of crystalloid fluids (normal saline or lactated Ringer's), not dextrose. It is not necessary to monitor liver enzymes for this client. 4. Nursing care for a client experiencing hypovolemic shock is aimed at monitoring the child's condition and response to clinical therapy. It is appropriate for the nurse to monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose. The nurse will also administer oxygen. The nurse will administer large volumes of crystalloid fluids (normal saline or lactated Ringer's), not dextrose. It is not necessary to monitor liver enzymes for this client. 5. Nursing care for a client experiencing hypovolemic shock is aimed at monitoring the child's condition and response to clinical therapy. It is appropriate for the nurse to monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose. The nurse will also administer oxygen. The nurse will administer large volumes of crystalloid fluids (normal saline or lactated Ringer's), not dextrose. It is not necessary to monitor liver enzymes for this client

The parents of a toddler are concerned about their child's finicky eating habits. While counseling the parents, which statements by the nurse are the most appropriate? Select all that apply. 1. "The child is experiencing physiologic anorexia, which is normal for this age group." 2. "A general guideline for food quantity at a meal is one-quarter cup of each food per year of age." 3. "It is more appropriate to assess a toddler's nutritional demands over a 1-week period rather than a 24-hour one." 4. "Nutritious foods should be made available at all times of the day so that she is able to 'graze' whenever she is hungry." 5. "The toddler should drink 16 to 24 ounces of milk daily."

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Physiologic anorexia is caused when the extremely high metabolic demands of infancy slow to keep pace with the slower growth of toddlerhood, and it is a very normal finding at this age. It is not unusual for toddlers to have food jags during which they only want one or two food items for that day. So it is more helpful to look at what their intake has been over a week instead of a day. Two to three cups of milk per day are sufficient for a toddler, and more than that can decrease the child's desire for other foods and lead to dietary deficiencies. The correct general guideline for food quantity is one tablespoon of each food per year of age. Food should only be offered at meal and snack times, and children should sit at the table while eating to encourage their socialization skills. 2. Physiologic anorexia is caused when the extremely high metabolic demands of infancy slow to keep pace with the slower growth of toddlerhood, and it is a very normal finding at this age. It is not unusual for toddlers to have food jags during which they only want one or two food items for that day. So it is more helpful to look at what their intake has been over a week instead of a day. Two to three cups of milk per day are sufficient for a toddler, and more than that can decrease the child's desire for other foods and lead to dietary deficiencies. The correct general guideline for food quantity is one tablespoon of each food per year of age. Food should only be offered at meal and snack times, and children should sit at the table while eating to encourage their socialization skills. 3. Physiologic anorexia is caused when the extremely high metabolic demands of infancy slow to keep pace with the slower growth of toddlerhood, and it is a very normal finding at this age. It is not unusual for toddlers to have food jags during which they only want one or two food items for that day. So it is more helpful to look at what their intake has been over a week instead of a day. Two to three cups of milk per day are sufficient for a toddler, and more than that can decrease the child's desire for other foods and lead to dietary deficiencies. The correct general guideline for food quantity is one tablespoon of each food per year of age. Food should only be offered at meal and snack times, and children should sit at the table while eating to encourage their socialization skills. 4. Physiologic anorexia is caused when the extremely high metabolic demands of infancy slow to keep pace with the slower growth of toddlerhood, and it is a very normal finding at this age. It is not unusual for toddlers to have food jags during which they only want one or two food items for that day. So it is more helpful to look at what their intake has been over a week instead of a day. Two to three cups of milk per day are sufficient for a toddler, and more than that can decrease the child's desire for other foods and lead to dietary deficiencies. The correct general guideline for food quantity is one tablespoon of each food per year of age. Food should only be offered at meal and snack times, and children should sit at the table while eating to encourage their socialization skills. 5. Physiologic anorexia is caused when the extremely high metabolic demands of infancy slow to keep pace with the slower growth of toddlerhood, and it is a very normal finding at this age. It is not unusual for toddlers to have food jags during which they only want one or two food items for that day. So it is more helpful to look at what their intake has been over a week instead of a day. Two to three cups of milk per day are sufficient for a toddler, and more than that can decrease the child's desire for other foods and lead to dietary deficiencies. The correct general guideline for food quantity is one tablespoon of each food per year of age. Food should only be offered at meal and snack times, and children should sit at the table while eating to encourage their socialization skills.

The nurse is planning an in-service for new RNs who will be working on a general pediatric unit. Which statements are appropriate to include when discussing normal acid-base balance? Select all that apply. 1. The lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body. 2. The lungs reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. 3. The kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance. 4. The liver forms bicarbonate if needed to restore balance. 5. The liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Statements that the nurse educator will include in the in-service include: the lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body; the kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance; and the liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments. The kidneys, not the lungs, reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. The kidneys, not the liver, form bicarbonate to restore balance, if needed. 2. Statements that the nurse educator will include in the in-service include: the lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body; the kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance; and the liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments. The kidneys, not the lungs, reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. The kidneys, not the liver, form bicarbonate to restore balance, if needed. 3. Statements that the nurse educator will include in the in-service include: the lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body; the kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance; and the liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments. The kidneys, not the lungs, reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. The kidneys, not the liver, form bicarbonate to restore balance, if needed. 4. Statements that the nurse educator will include in the in-service include: the lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body; the kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance; and the liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments. The kidneys, not the lungs, reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. The kidneys, not the liver, form bicarbonate to restore balance, if needed. 5. Statements that the nurse educator will include in the in-service include: the lungs are responsible for excreting excess carbonic acid from body; the kidneys form bicarbonate if needed to restore balance; and the liver synthesizes proteins needed to maintain osmotic pressure in the fluid compartments. The kidneys, not the lungs, reabsorb filtered bicarbonate. The kidneys, not the liver, form bicarbonate to restore balance, if needed.

The nurse teaches parents how to care for their child who has tympanostomy tubes inserted. Which actions by the parents indicate appropriate understanding of the teaching session? Select all that apply. 1. Encouraging the child to drink generous amounts of fluids 2. Administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery 3. Restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery 4. Limiting diet to soft, bland foods 5. Avoiding getting water in ears during bath time

Answer: 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. The correct responses include encouraging the child to drink generous amount of water, restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery, and avoiding water in the child's ears at bath time. Incorrect responses include administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery and limiting diet to soft, bland foods-decongestants are not needed after surgery, and a regular diet should be resumed. 2. The correct responses include encouraging the child to drink generous amount of water, restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery, and avoiding water in the child's ears at bath time. Incorrect responses include administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery and limiting diet to soft, bland foods-decongestants are not needed after surgery, and a regular diet should be resumed. 3. The correct responses include encouraging the child to drink generous amount of water, restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery, and avoiding water in the child's ears at bath time. Incorrect responses include administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery and limiting diet to soft, bland foods-decongestants are not needed after surgery, and a regular diet should be resumed. 4. The correct responses include encouraging the child to drink generous amount of water, restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery, and avoiding water in the child's ears at bath time. Incorrect responses include administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery and limiting diet to soft, bland foods-decongestants are not needed after surgery, and a regular diet should be resumed. 5. The correct responses include encouraging the child to drink generous amount of water, restricting the child to quiet activities after surgery, and avoiding water in the child's ears at bath time. Incorrect responses include administering a decongestant for 1 to 2 weeks following surgery and limiting diet to soft, bland foods-decongestants are not needed after surgery, and a regular diet should be resumed.

The school nurse plans, develops, manages, and evaluates healthcare services to all children while they are in the educational setting. With which healthcare providers will the nurse be collaborating? Select all that apply. 1. School physician 2. Teachers 3. Cafeteria staff 4. Primary physician 5. Bus driver

Answer: 1, 4 Explanation: 1. Partnering with the school physician consultant to discuss and update standing orders for the care of children; these standing orders usually address urgent and emergency care potentially needed by students. 2. The school nurse may need to educate the teachers, cafeteria staff, and bus drivers regarding detecting complications and alerting emergency personnel. 3. The school nurse may need to educate the teachers, cafeteria staff, and bus drivers regarding detecting complications and alerting emergency personnel. 4. Communicating with the child's primary healthcare provider or pediatric specialist about a child's specific health condition that needs to be effectively managed in the school setting. 5. The school nurse may need to educate the teachers, cafeteria staff, and bus drivers regarding detecting complications and alerting emergency personnel.

The nurse is performing an assessment of the ecological systems of childhood. What will the nurse include when assessing mesosystems? Select all that apply. 1. Parental involvement in school 2. Local political influences 3. Libraries in the community 4. Influences of the religious community 5. Age of each family member

Answer: 1, 4 Explanation: 1. When assessing a child's mesosystem, the nurse will assess parental involvement in school and the influences of the religious community on the child and family. Local political influences and the libraries in the community are assessed in an exosystem assessment. The age of each family member is assessed during chronosystem assessment. 2. When assessing a child's mesosystem, the nurse will assess parental involvement in school and the influences of the religious community on the child and family. Local political influences and the libraries in the community are assessed in an exosystem assessment. The age of each family member is assessed during chronosystem assessment. 3. When assessing a child's mesosystem, the nurse will assess parental involvement in school and the influences of the religious community on the child and family. Local political influences and the libraries in the community are assessed in an exosystem assessment. The age of each family member is assessed during chronosystem assessment. 4. When assessing a child's mesosystem, the nurse will assess parental involvement in school and the influences of the religious community on the child and family. Local political influences and the libraries in the community are assessed in an exosystem assessment. The age of each family member is assessed during chronosystem assessment. 5. When assessing a child's mesosystem, the nurse will assess parental involvement in school and the influences of the religious community on the child and family. Local political influences and the libraries in the community are assessed in an exosystem assessment. The age of each family member is assessed during chronosystem assessment.

) A child is admitted with a diagnosis of early localized Lyme disease. Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find on the initial assessment of this client? Select all that apply. 1. Erythema 5 to 15 cm in diameter 2. Hyperactivity 3. Cranial nerve palsies 4. Fever 5. Headache

Answer: 1, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Erythema, fever, and headache are signs/symptoms in the early localized stage of Lyme disease. Cranial nerve palsies are seen in the early disseminated stage of the disease. Malaise, rather than hyperactivity, is seen with this disease. 2. Erythema, fever, and headache are signs/symptoms in the early localized stage of Lyme disease. Cranial nerve palsies are seen in the early disseminated stage of the disease. Malaise, rather than hyperactivity, is seen with this disease. 3. Erythema, fever, and headache are signs/symptoms in the early localized stage of Lyme disease. Cranial nerve palsies are seen in the early disseminated stage of the disease. Malaise, rather than hyperactivity, is seen with this disease. 4. Erythema, fever, and headache are signs/symptoms in the early localized stage of Lyme disease. Cranial nerve palsies are seen in the early disseminated stage of the disease. Malaise, rather than hyperactivity, is seen with this disease. 5. Erythema, fever, and headache are signs/symptoms in the early localized stage of Lyme disease. Cranial nerve palsies are seen in the early disseminated stage of the disease. Malaise, rather than hyperactivity, is seen with this disease

The family and school-age child are at the healthcare clinic for immunizations. The nurse takes the time to talk with the child and family about reducing the transmission of infection. What practices should the nurse suggest for the family? Select all that apply. 1. Do not share dishes, utensils, and cups. 2. Sanitize toys every week with Lysol. 3. Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer with the child after eating and toileting. 4. Cough or sneeze into cloth tissue 5. Dispose of diapers in a closed container

Answer: 1, 5 Explanation: 1. Teach families to reduce transmission of infection among family members with the following practices: use disposable tissues and dispose immediately after using, wash hands thoroughly with soap/water after all contact with diapers/tissues/mucous, sneeze/cough into elbow, wash hands with soap/water after eating and toileting, do not share dishes/utensils/cups, wash hands thoroughly before preparing food and again several times during the preparation process, use soapy warm water to wash dishes/cutting boards, wipe counters/surfaces that are used for diaper changes or that the child touches with disinfectant, make sure diaper changing area is well away from food prep areas, dispose of diapers in closed containers. This is a practice that the nurse should suggest for the family. 2. Teach families to reduce transmission of infection among family members with the following practices: use disposable tissues and dispose immediately after using, wash hands thoroughly with soap/water after all contact with diapers/tissues/mucous, sneeze/cough into elbow, wash hands with soap/water after eating and toileting, do not share dishes/utensils/cups, wash hands thoroughly before preparing food and again several times during the preparation process, use soapy warm water to wash dishes/cutting boards, wipe counters/surfaces that are used for diaper changes or that the child touches with disinfectant, make sure diaper changing area is well away from food prep areas, dispose of diapers in closed containers. This is not a practice that the nurse should suggest for the family. 3. Teach families to reduce transmission of infection among family members with the following practices: use disposable tissues and dispose immediately after using, wash hands thoroughly with soap/water after all contact with diapers/tissues/mucous, sneeze/cough into elbow, wash hands with soap/water after eating and toileting, do not share dishes/utensils/cups, wash hands thoroughly before preparing food and again several times during the preparation process, use soapy warm water to wash dishes/cutting boards, wipe counters/surfaces that are used for diaper changes or that the child touches with disinfectant, make sure diaper changing area is well away from food prep areas, dispose of diapers in closed containers. This is not a practice that the nurse should suggest for the family. 4. Teach families to reduce transmission of infection among family members with the following practices: use disposable tissues and dispose immediately after using, wash hands thoroughly with soap/water after all contact with diapers/tissues/mucous, sneeze/cough into elbow, wash hands with soap/water after eating and toileting, do not share dishes/utensils/cups, wash hands thoroughly before preparing food and again several times during the preparation process, use soapy warm water to wash dishes/cutting boards, wipe counters/surfaces that are used for diaper changes or that the child touches with disinfectant, make sure diaper changing area is well away from food prep areas, dispose of diapers in closed containers. This is not a practice that the nurse should suggest for the family. 5. Teach families to reduce transmission of infection among family members with the following practices: use disposable tissues and dispose immediately after using, wash hands thoroughly with soap/water after all contact with diapers/tissues/mucous, sneeze/cough into elbow, wash hands with soap/water after eating and toileting, do not share dishes/utensils/cups, wash hands thoroughly before preparing food and again several times during the preparation process, use soapy warm water to wash dishes/cutting boards, wipe counters/surfaces that are used for diaper changes or that the child touches with disinfectant, make sure diaper changing area is well away from food prep areas, dispose of diapers in closed containers. This is a practice that the nurse should suggest for the family.

The toddler is admitted to the hospital during an acute asthma attack. The physician orders: methylprednisolone 80 mg infused IV push every 3 hours. Medication on hand: methylprednisolone 125 mg/2 mL Calculate how many ml of methylprednisolone the patient will receive

Answer: 1.28 mL Explanation: 1.28 mL

Match the types of dehydration with their description. A. Isotonic dehydration B. Hypotonic dehydration C. Hypertonic dehydration 1. Occurs when fluid loss is characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water. 2. Occurs when fluid loss is characterized by a proportionately greater loss of water than sodium. 3. Occurs when fluid loss is not balanced by intake, and the loss of water and sodium are in proportion.

Answer: 1/B, 2/C, 3/A

Match the Development surveillance questionnaire with its description. A. Denver II B. Ages and stages questionnaire C. Child development inventory D. Parents evaluation of developmental status E. Prescreening developmental questionnaire 1. Questionnaire of specific ages, 10 to 15 items in each area: fine motor, gross motor, communication, adaptive, personal, and social skills. 2. Consists of 10 questions for parent to answer in interview, based on research regarding parents' concerns. 3. Consists of 60, yes-no descriptions for three separate instruments to identify child with developmental difficulties. 4. Consists of observation of child in 4 domains; personal, social, fine-motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor. 5. Helps identify children who need Denver II assessment.

Answer: 1/B, 2/D, 3/C, 4/A, 5/E 1. Ages and stages questionnaire 2. Parents evaluation of developmental status 3. Child development inventory 4. Denver II 5. Prescreening developmental questionnaire

Match the child's concept of death with their behavioral response. A. Infant B. Toddler C. Preschool-age child D. School-age child E. Adolescent 1. Understands difference between temporary separation and death. 2. Senses emotions of caregivers and altered routines. 3. Capable of understanding death, recognizes all people and self will die. 4. No understanding of true concept of death. 5. Believes death is temporary and the person will return.

Answer: 1/D, 2/A, 3/E, 4/B, 5/C 1. School-age child 2. Infant 3. Adolescent 4. Toddler 5. Preschool-age child Explanation:School-age child—Understands difference between temporary separation and death. Infant—Senses emotions of caregivers, and altered routines. Adolescent—Capable of understanding death, recognizes all people and self will die. Toddler—No understanding of true concept of death. Preschool-age child— Believes death is temporary and the person will return

) Match the formalized plan for the child with a chronic condition with its description. A. Individualized family service plan (IFSP) B. Individualized education plan (IEP) C. Individualized health plan (IHP) D. Individualized transition plan (ITP) 1. Helps individuals receive vocational training and move successfully from the home into other community settings. 2. Developed for a child with cognitive, motor, social, and communication impairment who needs special education services. 3. Developed for the early intervention process for infants with special healthcare needs and their families. 4. Developed for the child with medical conditions that need to be managed within the school setting.

Answer: 1/D, 2/B, 3/A, 4/C 1. Individualized transition plan (ITP) 2. Individualized education plan (IEP) 3. Individualized family service plan (IFSP) 4. Individualized health plan (IHP) Explanation: Because some children need medications or other therapies during school hours, the parents and child, school nurse, teacher, and school administrators develop a plan to manage the child's condition during school hours. ITP: Helps individuals receive vocational training and move successfully from the home into other community settings. IEP: Developed for a child with cognitive, motor, social, and communication impairment who needs special education services. IFSP: Developed for the early intervention process for infants with special healthcare needs and their families. IHP: Developed for the child with medical conditions that need to be managed within the school setting

A 22-month-old child is seen in the office for reoccurring otitis media. The child weighs 25 pounds. The healthcare provider orders: Amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day by mouth in divided doses every 12 hours. Medication on hand: Amoxicillin 125 mg/5 mL Calculate how many mL/dose of amoxicillin will be given by mouth.

Answer: 10.2 or 10 mL/dose Explanation: 10.2 or 10 mL/dose

A school-aged child is admitted with pneumococcal meningitis. The child weighs 44 pounds. The physician orders: ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 50 mg/kg/dose IV every 12 hours three times and then every 24 hours. Calculate how many mg/dose of ceftriaxone the child will receive and then calculate mL/hr to infuse via pump. Supply on hand is: a premix of ceftriaxone 1 g/50 mL, administer over 30 minutes.

Answer: 1000 mg/dose; 100 mL/hr Explanation: The child will receive 1000 mg/dose of ceftriaxone, then 100 mL/hr to infuse via pump.

A child with human immunodeficiency virus is started on sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis. The recommended dose is based on the trimethoprim (TMP) component and is 15 to 20 mg TMP/kg/day in divided doses every 6 to 8 hours. The child weighs 6.8 kg. The highest dose of TMP the child can receive a day is ________.

Answer: 136 Explanation: 6.8 kg (the child's weight) is multiplied by 20 mg. This yields the answer, which is 136 mg a day.

The school-age child is admitted to the hospital with dehydration. The child weighs 30 pounds. The physician orders: 50 mL/kg 0.9 percent NSS with 5 percent dextrose IV over 4 hours. Calculate the IV pump to infuse 50 mL/kg/4hrs. Supply on hand: 1000 mL 0.9 percent NSS/2.5 percent dextrose

Answer: 170.4 mL/hr Explanation: Infuse 170.4 mL/hr

) A child with the diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome has been ordered an IV infusion of gamma globulin. The child weighs 20 pounds. The healthcare provider orders: gamma globulin 2 g/kg IV over 12 hours. Calculate how many grams of gamma globulin will be given IV

Answer: 18 g Explanation: 18 g

A child is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The parents are concerned because they cannot stay for long hours to visit. Which statement made by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "One of you might take a leave of absence to be here more." 2. "Parents often feel this way; would you be interested in talking with others who have experienced having a child in the NICU?" 3. "Perhaps the grandparents can make the visits for you." 4. "Why can't you visit after work every day?"

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. "Parents often feel this way; would you be interested in talking with others who have experienced having a child in the NICU?" is therapeutic; it focuses on feelings and offers support to the parents. The other options do not focus on how the parents feel and attempt to solve the issue rather than allow for the parents to deal with their feelings and form solutions. 2. "Parents often feel this way; would you be interested in talking with others who have experienced having a child in the NICU?" is therapeutic; it focuses on feelings and offers support to the parents. The other options do not focus on how the parents feel and attempt to solve the issue rather than allow for the parents to deal with their feelings and form solutions. 3. "Parents often feel this way; would you be interested in talking with others who have experienced having a child in the NICU?" is therapeutic; it focuses on feelings and offers support to the parents. The other options do not focus on how the parents feel and attempt to solve the issue rather than allow for the parents to deal with their feelings and form solutions. 4. "Parents often feel this way; would you be interested in talking with others who have experienced having a child in the NICU?" is therapeutic; it focuses on feelings and offers support to the parents. The other options do not focus on how the parents feel and attempt to solve the issue rather than allow for the parents to deal with their feelings and form solutions.

The nurse is expecting the admission of a child with severe isotonic dehydration. Which intravenous fluid should the nurse anticipate the practitioner to order initially to replace fluids? 1. D5W 2. 0.9 percent Normal Saline (NS) 3. Albumin 4. D5 0.2 percent (1/4) Normal Saline

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. 0.9 percent Normal Saline (NS) maintains Na and chloride at present levels. D5W can lower sodium levels so would not be used to initially replace fluids in severe isotonic dehydration. Albumin is used to restore plasma proteins. D5 0.2 percent (1/4) Normal Saline would not be used initially but later, as maintenance fluids. 2. 0.9 percent Normal Saline (NS) maintains Na and chloride at present levels. D5W can lower sodium levels so would not be used to initially replace fluids in severe isotonic dehydration. Albumin is used to restore plasma proteins. D5 0.2 percent (1/4) Normal Saline would not be used initially but later, as maintenance fluids. 3. 0.9 percent Normal Saline (NS) maintains Na and chloride at present levels. D5W can lower sodium levels so would not be used to initially replace fluids in severe isotonic dehydration. Albumin is used to restore plasma proteins. D5 0.2 percent (1/4) Normal Saline would not be used initially but later, as maintenance fluids. 4. 0.9 percent Normal Saline (NS) maintains Na and chloride at present levels. D5W can lower sodium levels so would not be used to initially replace fluids in severe isotonic dehydration. Albumin is used to restore plasma proteins. D5 0.2 percent (1/4) Normal Saline would not be used initially but later, as maintenance fluids

) A nurse is planning care for a child with hyperkalemia. Which clinical manifestation will the nurse plan to assessment this child for based on the diagnosis? 1. Seizures 2. Bradycardia 3. Respiratory distress 4. Hyperthermia

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A child with hyperkalemia is at risk for cardiac issues. Seizures, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyperkalemia. 2. A child with hyperkalemia is at risk for cardiac issues. Seizures, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyperkalemia. 3. A child with hyperkalemia is at risk for cardiac issues. Seizures, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyperkalemia. 4. A child with hyperkalemia is at risk for cardiac issues. Seizures, respiratory distress, and hyperthermia are not risks of hyperkalemia.

The nurse must assess each of the 2-year-olds listed below. Which one should be evaluated first? 1. A child with a temperature of 101 degrees F 2. A child who has stridor 3. A child who has absent Babinski sign 4. A child who has a pot belly appearance

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A child with stridor is at risk for airway compromise; a child with a temperature of 101 degrees F, while sick, is not as ill as the child with stridor; and the child with an absent Babinski sign and the pot-bellied child are normal. 2. A child with stridor is at risk for airway compromise; a child with a temperature of 101 degrees F, while sick, is not as ill as the child with stridor; and the child with an absent Babinski sign and the pot-bellied child are normal. 3. A child with stridor is at risk for airway compromise; a child with a temperature of 101 degrees F, while sick, is not as ill as the child with stridor; and the child with an absent Babinski sign and the pot-bellied child are normal. 4. A child with stridor is at risk for airway compromise; a child with a temperature of 101 degrees F, while sick, is not as ill as the child with stridor; and the child with an absent Babinski sign and the pot-bellied child are normal.

A nurse assesses the height and weight measurements on an infant and documents these measurements at the 75th percentile. The nurse notes that the previous measurements two months ago were at the 25th percentile. Which interpretation by the nurse is the most accurate? 1. The infant is not gaining enough weight. 2. The infant has gained a significant amount of weight. 3. The previous measurements were most likely inaccurate. 4. These measurements are most likely inaccurate.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A comparison of these two sets of measurements shows that the infant has crossed two percentiles going from the 25th to the 75th percentile and therefore has gained a significant amount of weight. There is neither indication that the previous measurements are inaccurate nor that the current measurement is inaccurate. 2. A comparison of these two sets of measurements shows that the infant has crossed two percentiles going from the 25th to the 75th percentile and therefore has gained a significant amount of weight. There is neither indication that the previous measurements are inaccurate nor that the current measurement is inaccurate. 3. A comparison of these two sets of measurements shows that the infant has crossed two percentiles going from the 25th to the 75th percentile and therefore has gained a significant amount of weight. There is neither indication that the previous measurements are inaccurate nor that the current measurement is inaccurate. 4. A comparison of these two sets of measurements shows that the infant has crossed two percentiles going from the 25th to the 75th percentile and therefore has gained a significant amount of weight. There is neither indication that the previous measurements are inaccurate nor that the current measurement is inaccurate.

) A nurse is taking care of four different pediatric clients. Which client poses the great risk for dehydration? 1. A 15-year-old working out in a weight room for an hour before football practice 2. A 10-year-old playing baseball outdoors in 85-degree heat 3. A 5-year-old refusing to eat because of a virus 4. A newborn under a radiant warmer for an hour after the first bath

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A condition that increases the risk of insensible fluid loss places the child at risk for dehydration. Any of these situations can place the child at risk for dehydration but the child at greatest risk is the child playing baseball in direct heat, which will increase utilization of extracellular fluids more rapidly than the other situations. 2. A condition that increases the risk of insensible fluid loss places the child at risk for dehydration. Any of these situations can place the child at risk for dehydration but the child at greatest risk is the child playing baseball in direct heat, which will increase utilization of extracellular fluids more rapidly than the other situations. 3. A condition that increases the risk of insensible fluid loss places the child at risk for dehydration. Any of these situations can place the child at risk for dehydration but the child at greatest risk is the child playing baseball in direct heat, which will increase utilization of extracellular fluids more rapidly than the other situations. 4. A condition that increases the risk of insensible fluid loss places the child at risk for dehydration. Any of these situations can place the child at risk for dehydration but the child at greatest risk is the child playing baseball in direct heat, which will increase utilization of extracellular fluids more rapidly than the other situations

A mother brings a child to the pediatric office for a sick visit. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Focus exclusively on the reported illness. 2. Review health-promotion and health-maintenance activities. 3. Ask the mother to leave the room after obtaining the history. 4. Obtain a comprehensive history, including sociodemographic data.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A nurse should use every opportunity during an office visit to review health-promotion and health-maintenance activities. Focusing exclusively on the reported illnesses ignores the opportunity to use health-promotion strategies. There is not enough data in this scenario to determine whether the mother should be asked to leave the room. There is not enough information to indicate that a comprehensive history should be taken at this visit. 2. A nurse should use every opportunity during an office visit to review health-promotion and health-maintenance activities. Focusing exclusively on the reported illnesses ignores the opportunity to use health-promotion strategies. There is not enough data in this scenario to determine whether the mother should be asked to leave the room. There is not enough information to indicate that a comprehensive history should be taken at this visit. 3. A nurse should use every opportunity during an office visit to review health-promotion and health-maintenance activities. Focusing exclusively on the reported illnesses ignores the opportunity to use health-promotion strategies. There is not enough data in this scenario to determine whether the mother should be asked to leave the room. There is not enough information to indicate that a comprehensive history should be taken at this visit. 4. A nurse should use every opportunity during an office visit to review health-promotion and health-maintenance activities. Focusing exclusively on the reported illnesses ignores the opportunity to use health-promotion strategies. There is not enough data in this scenario to determine whether the mother should be asked to leave the room. There is not enough information to indicate that a comprehensive history should be taken at this visit.

The nurse is providing care for several pediatric clients. Which client would require an Individualized Health Plan (IHP) prior to returning to school? 1. A school-age client who has recently developed a penicillin allergy 2. An adolescent client newly diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 3. A school-age client who has been treated for head lice 4. An adolescent client who has missed two weeks of school due to mononucleosis

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. An IHP that ensures appropriate management of the child's healthcare needs must be developed for a child newly diagnosed with a chronic illness such as diabetes. A child who is allergic to penicillin will not receive this medication any longer and therefore should not encounter any problems related to it at school. A child who has been treated for head lice can return to school and does not need an IHP. While a child who has missed two weeks of school will need to make arrangements for makeup work, an IHP is not needed. 2. An IHP that ensures appropriate management of the child's healthcare needs must be developed for a child newly diagnosed with a chronic illness such as diabetes. A child who is allergic to penicillin will not receive this medication any longer and therefore should not encounter any problems related to it at school. A child who has been treated for head lice can return to school and does not need an IHP. While a child who has missed two weeks of school will need to make arrangements for makeup work, an IHP is not needed. 3. An IHP that ensures appropriate management of the child's healthcare needs must be developed for a child newly diagnosed with a chronic illness such as diabetes. A child who is allergic to penicillin will not receive this medication any longer and therefore should not encounter any problems related to it at school. A child who has been treated for head lice can return to school and does not need an IHP. While a child who has missed two weeks of school will need to make arrangements for makeup work, an IHP is not needed. 4. An IHP that ensures appropriate management of the child's healthcare needs must be developed for a child newly diagnosed with a chronic illness such as diabetes. A child who is allergic to penicillin will not receive this medication any longer and therefore should not encounter any problems related to it at school. A child who has been treated for head lice can return to school and does not need an IHP. While a child who has missed two weeks of school will need to make arrangements for makeup work, an IHP is not needed.

The nurse notes a history of a grade III heart murmur in a small infant. When assessing the heart, the nurse would expect to: 1. Auscultate a quiet but easily heard murmur. 2. Auscultate a moderately loud murmur without a palpable thrill. 3. Auscultate a very loud murmur with easily palpable thrill. 4. Listen without a stethoscope and hear a murmur at chest wall.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. A quiet but easily heard murmur is a grade II. A moderately loud murmur without palpable thrill is a grade III. A very loud murmur with easily palpable thrill is a grade V. A murmur heard at the chest wall without the aid of a stethoscope is a grade VI. 2. A quiet but easily heard murmur is a grade II. A moderately loud murmur without palpable thrill is a grade III. A very loud murmur with easily palpable thrill is a grade V. A murmur heard at the chest wall without the aid of a stethoscope is a grade VI. 3. A quiet but easily heard murmur is a grade II. A moderately loud murmur without palpable thrill is a grade III. A very loud murmur with easily palpable thrill is a grade V. A murmur heard at the chest wall without the aid of a stethoscope is a grade VI. 4. A quiet but easily heard murmur is a grade II. A moderately loud murmur without palpable thrill is a grade III. A very loud murmur with easily palpable thrill is a grade V. A murmur heard at the chest wall without the aid of a stethoscope is a grade VI.

The nurse completes postoperative discharge teaching to the parents of a child who had a tonsillectomy. Which statement by the parents indicates correct understanding of the teaching session? 1. "We will call the physician for any indication of ear pain." 2. "We will plan on administering acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain." 3. "We will be sure to give our child adequate amounts of citrus juices." 4. "We will keep our child on bed rest for 10 days after the surgery."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended for pain after a tonsillectomy. Citrus juices should be avoided for the first week because highly acidic foods and beverages can cause irritation. Ear pain 4 to 8 days after a tonsillectomy may be experienced and does not indicate an ear infection. Children do not need to be confined to bed. They can return to school in 10 days. 2. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended for pain after a tonsillectomy. Citrus juices should be avoided for the first week because highly acidic foods and beverages can cause irritation. Ear pain 4 to 8 days after a tonsillectomy may be experienced and does not indicate an ear infection. Children do not need to be confined to bed. They can return to school in 10 days. 3. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended for pain after a tonsillectomy. Citrus juices should be avoided for the first week because highly acidic foods and beverages can cause irritation. Ear pain 4 to 8 days after a tonsillectomy may be experienced and does not indicate an ear infection. Children do not need to be confined to bed. They can return to school in 10 days. 4. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended for pain after a tonsillectomy. Citrus juices should be avoided for the first week because highly acidic foods and beverages can cause irritation. Ear pain 4 to 8 days after a tonsillectomy may be experienced and does not indicate an ear infection. Children do not need to be confined to bed. They can return to school in 10 days.

During an admission assessment, the nurse notes that the child has impaired oral mucous membranes. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement for this child? 1. Administering topical analgesics 2. Promoting an adequate intake of nutrients 3. Administering antibiotics as ordered 4. Using lemon and glycerin for oral hygiene

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Adequate intake of fluids and nutrients promotes the intactness of the oral mucosal membrane tissue, which is the desired outcome for an impaired oral mucous membrane problem. Lemon and glycerin may dry the oral mucous membrane, which is not desirable. Administration of antibiotics or topical analgesics are medical interventions that might be performed but do not ensure that impaired tissue will be resolved. 2. Adequate intake of fluids and nutrients promotes the intactness of the oral mucosal membrane tissue, which is the desired outcome for an impaired oral mucous membrane problem. Lemon and glycerin may dry the oral mucous membrane, which is not desirable. Administration of antibiotics or topical analgesics are medical interventions that might be performed but do not ensure that impaired tissue will be resolved. 3. Adequate intake of fluids and nutrients promotes the intactness of the oral mucosal membrane tissue, which is the desired outcome for an impaired oral mucous membrane problem. Lemon and glycerin may dry the oral mucous membrane, which is not desirable. Administration of antibiotics or topical analgesics are medical interventions that might be performed but do not ensure that impaired tissue will be resolved. 4. Adequate intake of fluids and nutrients promotes the intactness of the oral mucosal membrane tissue, which is the desired outcome for an impaired oral mucous membrane problem. Lemon and glycerin may dry the oral mucous membrane, which is not desirable. Administration of antibiotics or topical analgesics are medical interventions that might be performed but do not ensure that impaired tissue will be resolved.

) An adolescent client has a stiff neck, a headache, a fever of 103 degrees Fahrenheit, and purpuric lesions noted on the legs. Although the adolescent's physical needs take priority at the present time, the nurse can expect which to be the most significant psychological stressor for this adolescent? 1. Separation from parents and home 2. Separation from friends and permanent changes in appearance 3. Fear of painful procedures and bodily mutilation 4. Fear of getting behind in schoolwork

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Adolescents are developing their identity and rely most on their friends. They are concerned about their appearance and how they look compared to their peers. Separation from parents and home is the main psychological stressor for infants and toddlers. Preschool-age children fear pain and bodily mutilation. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and fear getting behind in schoolwork. 2. Adolescents are developing their identity and rely most on their friends. They are concerned about their appearance and how they look compared to their peers. Separation from parents and home is the main psychological stressor for infants and toddlers. Preschool-age children fear pain and bodily mutilation. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and fear getting behind in schoolwork. 3. Adolescents are developing their identity and rely most on their friends. They are concerned about their appearance and how they look compared to their peers. Separation from parents and home is the main psychological stressor for infants and toddlers. Preschool-age children fear pain and bodily mutilation. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and fear getting behind in schoolwork. 4. Adolescents are developing their identity and rely most on their friends. They are concerned about their appearance and how they look compared to their peers. Separation from parents and home is the main psychological stressor for infants and toddlers. Preschool-age children fear pain and bodily mutilation. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and fear getting behind in schoolwork.

) A child is admitted to the hospital unit with physical injuries. The nurse is taking the child's history. Which statement by the parent would arouse suspicion of abuse? 1. "I did not realize that my baby was able to roll over yet, and I was just gone a minute to check on dinner when the baby rolled off of the couch and onto our tile floor." 2. "The baby's 18-month-old brother was trying to pull the baby out of the crib and dropped the baby on the floor." 3. "I placed the baby in the infant swing. His 6-year-old brother was running through the house and tripped over the swing, causing it to fall." 4. "I was walking up the steps and slipped on the ice, falling while carrying my baby."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. All of the statements made by the parent are plausible from a developmental perspective except the statement "The baby's 18-month-old brother was trying to pull the baby out of the crib and dropped the baby on the floor." Developmentally, it would be very difficult for an 18-month-old child to pull an infant out of a crib. 2. All of the statements made by the parent are plausible from a developmental perspective except the statement "The baby's 18-month-old brother was trying to pull the baby out of the crib and dropped the baby on the floor." Developmentally, it would be very difficult for an 18-month-old child to pull an infant out of a crib. 3. All of the statements made by the parent are plausible from a developmental perspective except the statement "The baby's 18-month-old brother was trying to pull the baby out of the crib and dropped the baby on the floor." Developmentally, it would be very difficult for an 18-month-old child to pull an infant out of a crib. 4. All of the statements made by the parent are plausible from a developmental perspective except the statement "The baby's 18-month-old brother was trying to pull the baby out of the crib and dropped the baby on the floor." Developmentally, it would be very difficult for an 18-month-old child to pull an infant out of a crib.

A nurse is assessing infants for visually related developmental milestones. Which infant is showing a delay in meeting an expected milestone? 1. A 4-month-old who has a social smile 2. An 8-month-old who has just begun to inspect her own hand 3. A 12-month-old who stacks blocks 4. A 7-month-old who picks up a raisin by raking

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. An 8-month-old who has just begun to inspect her own hand is delayed. The infant usually inspects her own hand beginning at 3 months. A 4-month-old with a social smile, a 12-month-old who stacks blocks, and a 7-month-old who picks up a raisin by raking are all showing appropriate visually related milestones. 2. An 8-month-old who has just begun to inspect her own hand is delayed. The infant usually inspects her own hand beginning at 3 months. A 4-month-old with a social smile, a 12-month-old who stacks blocks, and a 7-month-old who picks up a raisin by raking are all showing appropriate visually related milestones. 3. An 8-month-old who has just begun to inspect her own hand is delayed. The infant usually inspects her own hand beginning at 3 months. A 4-month-old with a social smile, a 12-month-old who stacks blocks, and a 7-month-old who picks up a raisin by raking are all showing appropriate visually related milestones. 4. An 8-month-old who has just begun to inspect her own hand is delayed. The infant usually inspects her own hand beginning at 3 months. A 4-month-old with a social smile, a 12-month-old who stacks blocks, and a 7-month-old who picks up a raisin by raking are all showing appropriate visually related milestones

A school-age client tells you that "Grandpa, Mommy, Daddy, and my brother live at my house." Which type of family will the nurse identify in the medical record based on this description? 1. Binuclear family 2. Extended family 3. Gay or lesbian family 4. Traditional nuclear family

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. An extended family contains a parent or a couple who share the house with their children and another adult relative. A binuclear family includes the divorced parents who have joint custody of their biologic children, while the children alternate spending varying amounts of time in the home of each parent. A gay or lesbian family is comprised of two same-sex domestic partners; they may or may not have children. The traditional nuclear family consists of an employed provider parent, a homemaking parent, and the biologic children of this union. 2. An extended family contains a parent or a couple who share the house with their children and another adult relative. A binuclear family includes the divorced parents who have joint custody of their biologic children, while the children alternate spending varying amounts of time in the home of each parent. A gay or lesbian family is comprised of two same-sex domestic partners; they may or may not have children. The traditional nuclear family consists of an employed provider parent, a homemaking parent, and the biologic children of this union. 3. An extended family contains a parent or a couple who share the house with their children and another adult relative. A binuclear family includes the divorced parents who have joint custody of their biologic children, while the children alternate spending varying amounts of time in the home of each parent. A gay or lesbian family is comprised of two same-sex domestic partners; they may or may not have children. The traditional nuclear family consists of an employed provider parent, a homemaking parent, and the biologic children of this union. 4. An extended family contains a parent or a couple who share the house with their children and another adult relative. A binuclear family includes the divorced parents who have joint custody of their biologic children, while the children alternate spending varying amounts of time in the home of each parent. A gay or lesbian family is comprised of two same-sex domestic partners; they may or may not have children. The traditional nuclear family consists of an employed provider parent, a homemaking parent, and the biologic children of this union.

An infant is diagnosed with acute otitis media. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to teach the infant's parents? 1. Keep the baby in a flat lying position during sleep. 2. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve discomfort. 3. Administer a decongestant. 4. Place baby to sleep with a pacifier.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. An infant with a bulging tympanic membrane because of acute otitis media will have pain. Parents are taught to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve the discomfort associated with acute otitis media. A flat lying position may exacerbate the discomfort. Elevating the head slightly is recommended. Decongestants are not recommended for treatment of acute otitis media. Placing infants to sleep with a pacifier may increase the incidence of otitis media. 2. An infant with a bulging tympanic membrane because of acute otitis media will have pain. Parents are taught to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve the discomfort associated with acute otitis media. A flat lying position may exacerbate the discomfort. Elevating the head slightly is recommended. Decongestants are not recommended for treatment of acute otitis media. Placing infants to sleep with a pacifier may increase the incidence of otitis media. 3. An infant with a bulging tympanic membrane because of acute otitis media will have pain. Parents are taught to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve the discomfort associated with acute otitis media. A flat lying position may exacerbate the discomfort. Elevating the head slightly is recommended. Decongestants are not recommended for treatment of acute otitis media. Placing infants to sleep with a pacifier may increase the incidence of otitis media. 4. An infant with a bulging tympanic membrane because of acute otitis media will have pain. Parents are taught to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve the discomfort associated with acute otitis media. A flat lying position may exacerbate the discomfort. Elevating the head slightly is recommended. Decongestants are not recommended for treatment of acute otitis media. Placing infants to sleep with a pacifier may increase the incidence of otitis media.

A nurse is talking to the mother of an exclusively breastfed African American 3-month-old infant who was born in late fall. Which supplement will the nurse recommend for this infant? 1. Iron 2. Vitamin D 3. Fluoride 4. Calcium

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. An infant's iron stores are usually adequate until about 4 to 6 months of age. The infant should be receiving sufficient amounts of calcium from breast milk, and fluoride supplementation, if needed, does not begin until the child is approximately 6 months old. This infant will have limited exposure to sunlight and thus vitamin D because of the infant's dark skin and decreased sun exposure in the fall and winter months. 2. An infant's iron stores are usually adequate until about 4 to 6 months of age. The infant should be receiving sufficient amounts of calcium from breast milk, and fluoride supplementation, if needed, does not begin until the child is approximately 6 months old. This infant will have limited exposure to sunlight and thus vitamin D because of the infant's dark skin and decreased sun exposure in the fall and winter months. 3. An infant's iron stores are usually adequate until about 4 to 6 months of age. The infant should be receiving sufficient amounts of calcium from breast milk, and fluoride supplementation, if needed, does not begin until the child is approximately 6 months old. This infant will have limited exposure to sunlight and thus vitamin D because of the infant's dark skin and decreased sun exposure in the fall and winter months. 4. An infant's iron stores are usually adequate until about 4 to 6 months of age. The infant should be receiving sufficient amounts of calcium from breast milk, and fluoride supplementation, if needed, does not begin until the child is approximately 6 months old. This infant will have limited exposure to sunlight and thus vitamin D because of the infant's dark skin and decreased sun exposure in the fall and winter months.

Pediatric nurses have foundational knowledge obtained in nursing school and add specific competencies related to the pediatric client. Which would be considered an additional specific expected competency of the pediatric nurse? 1. Physical assessment 2. Anatomical and developmental differences 3. Nursing process 4. Management of healthcare conditions

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Assessing anatomical and developmental differences would be a specific expected competency for the pediatric nurse that would not be learned in nursing school. Physical assessment, nursing process, and management of health conditions are all foundational knowledge learned in nursing school. 2. Assessing anatomical and developmental differences would be a specific expected competency for the pediatric nurse that would not be learned in nursing school. Physical assessment, nursing process, and management of health conditions are all foundational knowledge learned in nursing school. 3. Assessing anatomical and developmental differences would be a specific expected competency for the pediatric nurse that would not be learned in nursing school. Physical assessment, nursing process, and management of health conditions are all foundational knowledge learned in nursing school. 4. Assessing anatomical and developmental differences would be a specific expected competency for the pediatric nurse that would not be learned in nursing school. Physical assessment, nursing process, and management of health conditions are all foundational knowledge learned in nursing school.

A 2-month-old infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is being prepared for discharge from the neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU). The infant will continue to receive oxygen via nasal cannula at home. Prior to discharge, the home-health nurse assesses the home. Which finding poses the greatest risk to this infant? 1. Small toys strewn on the floor 2. A woodstove used for heating 3. A sibling who has an ear infection 4. Paint peeling on the walls

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Assessment of the home environment is essential prior to discharge of a medically fragile infant. The use of a woodstove poses great risk to the infant who already has fragile lungs. Oxygen and woodstove heat will produce a flammable reaction. Small toy pieces and paint peeling from the wall will pose a choking risk to the older infant who is crawling. Ear infections are not contagious. 2. Assessment of the home environment is essential prior to discharge of a medically fragile infant. The use of a woodstove poses great risk to the infant who already has fragile lungs. Oxygen and woodstove heat will produce a flammable reaction. Small toy pieces and paint peeling from the wall will pose a choking risk to the older infant who is crawling. Ear infections are not contagious. 3. Assessment of the home environment is essential prior to discharge of a medically fragile infant. The use of a woodstove poses great risk to the infant who already has fragile lungs. Oxygen and woodstove heat will produce a flammable reaction. Small toy pieces and paint peeling from the wall will pose a choking risk to the older infant who is crawling. Ear infections are not contagious. 4. Assessment of the home environment is essential prior to discharge of a medically fragile infant. The use of a woodstove poses great risk to the infant who already has fragile lungs. Oxygen and woodstove heat will produce a flammable reaction. Small toy pieces and paint peeling from the wall will pose a choking risk to the older infant who is crawling. Ear infections are not contagious.

Which assessment would not be included with a 17-year-old's screening during a routine health supervision visit? 1. STI evaluation 2. Autism screening 3. Hemoglobin test 4. Vision screening

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Autism screening would not be appropriate at this age. If autism were present, it would have presented before this age. STI evaluation, hemoglobin test, and vision screening are all appropriate for a 17-year-old. 2. Autism screening would not be appropriate at this age. If autism were present, it would have presented before this age. STI evaluation, hemoglobin test, and vision screening are all appropriate for a 17-year-old. 3. Autism screening would not be appropriate at this age. If autism were present, it would have presented before this age. STI evaluation, hemoglobin test, and vision screening are all appropriate for a 17-year-old. 4. Autism screening would not be appropriate at this age. If autism were present, it would have presented before this age. STI evaluation, hemoglobin test, and vision screening are all appropriate for a 17-year-old.

The nurse is administering packed RBCs to a child with sickle cell disease (SCD). The nurse is monitoring for a transfusion reaction and knows it is most likely to occur during which time frame? 1. Six hours after the transfusion is given 2. Within the first 20 minutes of administration of the transfusion 3. At the end of the administration of the transfusion 4. Never; children with SCD do not have reactions.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Blood reactions can occur as soon as the blood transfusion begins or within the first 20 minutes. The nurse should remain with the child for the first 20 minutes of the transfusion. 2. Blood reactions can occur as soon as the blood transfusion begins or within the first 20 minutes. The nurse should remain with the child for the first 20 minutes of the transfusion. 3. Blood reactions can occur as soon as the blood transfusion begins or within the first 20 minutes. The nurse should remain with the child for the first 20 minutes of the transfusion. 4. Blood reactions can occur as soon as the blood transfusion begins or within the first 20 minutes. The nurse should remain with the child for the first 20 minutes of the transfusion

A child diagnosed with hemophilia plans on participating in a bicycling club. Which recommendation by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Consider a swim club instead of the bicycling club. 2. Wear kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet while bicycling. 3. Participate only in the social activities of the club. 4. Not join the club

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Children with hemophilia should be encouraged to participate in noncontact sports activities. Bicycling is an excellent option and is recommended along with swimming. The child should always use kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet when participating in a physical sport. Participating only in the social aspects of the club would not encourage physical activity. Discouraging a child from joining a club would not foster growth and development. 2. Children with hemophilia should be encouraged to participate in noncontact sports activities. Bicycling is an excellent option and is recommended along with swimming. The child should always use kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet when participating in a physical sport. Participating only in the social aspects of the club would not encourage physical activity. Discouraging a child from joining a club would not foster growth and development. 3. Children with hemophilia should be encouraged to participate in noncontact sports activities. Bicycling is an excellent option and is recommended along with swimming. The child should always use kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet when participating in a physical sport. Participating only in the social aspects of the club would not encourage physical activity. Discouraging a child from joining a club would not foster growth and development. 4. Children with hemophilia should be encouraged to participate in noncontact sports activities. Bicycling is an excellent option and is recommended along with swimming. The child should always use kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet when participating in a physical sport. Participating only in the social aspects of the club would not encourage physical activity. Discouraging a child from joining a club would not foster growth and development.

A 7-year-old child is admitted for acute appendicitis. The parents are questioning the nurse about expectations during the child's recovery. Which information tool would be most useful in answering a parent's questions about the timing of key events? 1. Healthy People 2020 2. Clinical pathways 3. Child mortality statistics 4. National clinical practice guidelines

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Clinical pathways are interdisciplinary documents provided by a hospital to suggest ideal sequencing and timing of events and interventions for specific diseases to improve efficiency of care and enhance recovery. This pathway serves as a model outlining the typical hospital stay for individuals with specified conditions. Healthy People 2020 contains objectives set by the U.S. government to improve the health and reduce the incidence of death in the twenty-first century. Child mortality statistics can be compared with those from other decades for the evaluation of achievement toward health-care goals. National clinical practice guidelines promote uniformity in care for specific disease conditions by suggesting expected outcomes from specific interventions. 2. Clinical pathways are interdisciplinary documents provided by a hospital to suggest ideal sequencing and timing of events and interventions for specific diseases to improve efficiency of care and enhance recovery. This pathway serves as a model outlining the typical hospital stay for individuals with specified conditions. Healthy People 2020 contains objectives set by the U.S. government to improve the health and reduce the incidence of death in the twenty-first century. Child mortality statistics can be compared with those from other decades for the evaluation of achievement toward health-care goals. National clinical practice guidelines promote uniformity in care for specific disease conditions by suggesting expected outcomes from specific interventions. 3. Clinical pathways are interdisciplinary documents provided by a hospital to suggest ideal sequencing and timing of events and interventions for specific diseases to improve efficiency of care and enhance recovery. This pathway serves as a model outlining the typical hospital stay for individuals with specified conditions. Healthy People 2020 contains objectives set by the U.S. government to improve the health and reduce the incidence of death in the twenty-first century. Child mortality statistics can be compared with those from other decades for the evaluation of achievement toward health-care goals. National clinical practice guidelines promote uniformity in care for specific disease conditions by suggesting expected outcomes from specific interventions. 4. Clinical pathways are interdisciplinary documents provided by a hospital to suggest ideal sequencing and timing of events and interventions for specific diseases to improve efficiency of care and enhance recovery. This pathway serves as a model outlining the typical hospital stay for individuals with specified conditions. Healthy People 2020 contains objectives set by the U.S. government to improve the health and reduce the incidence of death in the twenty-first century. Child mortality statistics can be compared with those from other decades for the evaluation of achievement toward health-care goals. National clinical practice guidelines promote uniformity in care for specific disease conditions by suggesting expected outcomes from specific interventions.

A child recently had a heart transplant and the nurse teaches the parents the importance of administering cyclosporine A. Which statement by the parents indicates an appropriate understanding of the teaching session? 1. "Cyclosporin A reduces serum-cholesterol level." 2. "Cyclosporin A prevents rejection." 3. "Cyclosporin A treats hypertension." 4. "Cyclosporin A treats infections

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Cyclosporin A is given to prevent rejection. Lovastatin is given to reduce serum-cholesterol level, calcium channel blockers may be used to treat hypertension, and an antibiotic may be given to treat an infection. 2. Cyclosporin A is given to prevent rejection. Lovastatin is given to reduce serum-cholesterol level, calcium channel blockers may be used to treat hypertension, and an antibiotic may be given to treat an infection. 3. Cyclosporin A is given to prevent rejection. Lovastatin is given to reduce serum-cholesterol level, calcium channel blockers may be used to treat hypertension, and an antibiotic may be given to treat an infection. 4. Cyclosporin A is given to prevent rejection. Lovastatin is given to reduce serum-cholesterol level, calcium channel blockers may be used to treat hypertension, and an antibiotic may be given to treat an infection.

A nurse caring for a school-age client notices some swelling in the child's ankles. The nurse presses against the ankle bone for five seconds, then releases the pressure and notices a markedly slow disappearance of the indentation. Which priority nursing assessment is appropriate? 1. Skin integrity, especially in the lower extremities 2. Urine output 3. Level of consciousness 4. Range of motion and ankle mobility

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Dependent, pitting edema, especially in the lower extremities, can be a symptom of both kidney and cardiac disorders. Decreases in urine output can also indicate compromise in both the renal and cardiac systems. Changes in level of consciousness, if present, would more than likely be a later effect in this situation. While ankle edema could lead to both decreased ankle mobility and compromise in skin integrity, diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the edema is most important. 2. Dependent, pitting edema, especially in the lower extremities, can be a symptom of both kidney and cardiac disorders. Decreases in urine output can also indicate compromise in both the renal and cardiac systems. Changes in level of consciousness, if present, would more than likely be a later effect in this situation. While ankle edema could lead to both decreased ankle mobility and compromise in skin integrity, diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the edema is most important. 3. Dependent, pitting edema, especially in the lower extremities, can be a symptom of both kidney and cardiac disorders. Decreases in urine output can also indicate compromise in both the renal and cardiac systems. Changes in level of consciousness, if present, would more than likely be a later effect in this situation. While ankle edema could lead to both decreased ankle mobility and compromise in skin integrity, diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the edema is most important. 4. Dependent, pitting edema, especially in the lower extremities, can be a symptom of both kidney and cardiac disorders. Decreases in urine output can also indicate compromise in both the renal and cardiac systems. Changes in level of consciousness, if present, would more than likely be a later effect in this situation. While ankle edema could lead to both decreased ankle mobility and compromise in skin integrity, diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the edema is most important.

During a clinic visit, the parents of a 15-month-old ask what disease and injury prevention topics would be appropriate to discuss at this age. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "It's never too early to teach a child to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle." 2. "Teaching simple handwashing is a good topic at this age." 3. "Tell the child over and over to stay away from water unless you are with him." 4. "Tell him firmly 'no' when he tries to cross the street."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Disease and injury prevention are ongoing topics at all ages. Simple handwashing is appropriate for a 15-month-old child. A 15-month-old is too young for bicycle riding, so this can be delayed. A 15-month-old is too young to understand water safety and crossing the street, and should never be left unattended in these situations. 2. Disease and injury prevention are ongoing topics at all ages. Simple handwashing is appropriate for a 15-month-old child. A 15-month-old is too young for bicycle riding, so this can be delayed. A 15-month-old is too young to understand water safety and crossing the street, and should never be left unattended in these situations. 3. Disease and injury prevention are ongoing topics at all ages. Simple handwashing is appropriate for a 15-month-old child. A 15-month-old is too young for bicycle riding, so this can be delayed. A 15-month-old is too young to understand water safety and crossing the street, and should never be left unattended in these situations. 4. Disease and injury prevention are ongoing topics at all ages. Simple handwashing is appropriate for a 15-month-old child. A 15-month-old is too young for bicycle riding, so this can be delayed. A 15-month-old is too young to understand water safety and crossing the street, and should never be left unattended in these situations.

When discussing inheritance with parents of a child with a genetic disorder, which statement by the parents indicates they understand inheritance risk? 1. "This child has a genetic disorder, so future children will not have it." 2. "Each pregnancy carries the same percent risk of inheritance." 3. "I cannot have any more children, because they will all have the disorder." 4. "There is a good chance future children will be normal."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Each pregnancy carries the same percent risk of having a child with the disorder in question. The other statements indicate the need for further education regarding inheritance risk. 2. Each pregnancy carries the same percent risk of having a child with the disorder in question. The other statements indicate the need for further education regarding inheritance risk. 3. Each pregnancy carries the same percent risk of having a child with the disorder in question. The other statements indicate the need for further education regarding inheritance risk. 4. Each pregnancy carries the same percent risk of having a child with the disorder in question. The other statements indicate the need for further education regarding inheritance risk.

The nurse, talking with the parents of a toddler who is struggling with toilet training, reassures them that their child is demonstrating a typical developmental stage. According to Erikson, which developmental stage will the nurse document in the medical record for this toddler? 1. Trust versus mistrust 2. Autonomy versus shame and doubt 3. Initiative versus guilt 4. Industry versus inferiority

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Erikson's stage of "autonomy versus shame and doubt" marks a period of time when the toddler is trying to gain some independence while still wanting to please adults. 2. Erikson's stage of "autonomy versus shame and doubt" marks a period of time when the toddler is trying to gain some independence while still wanting to please adults. 3. Erikson's stage of "autonomy versus shame and doubt" marks a period of time when the toddler is trying to gain some independence while still wanting to please adults. 4. Erikson's stage of "autonomy versus shame and doubt" marks a period of time when the toddler is trying to gain some independence while still wanting to please adults.

A parent brings her school-age child to the clinic because the child has a temperature of 100.2°F. The child remains active without other symptoms. Which statement by the nurse to the parents is most appropriate? 1. "Take the child's temperature every 2 hours and call the clinic if it reaches 102°F or above." 2. "Unless the fever bothers the child, it is best to let the natural body defenses respond to the infection." 3. "Keep the child warm, because shivering often occurs with fever." 4. "Alternate acetaminophen and ibuprofen to help keep the fever down and keep the child comfortable."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Fever is the body's response to an infection, and is not a disease. Allowing the body's natural defenses (fever) to fight the infection is best. The fever is treated if the child is uncomfortable from effects of the fever, such as body aches, headache, and so on. Taking the child's temperature more than every 4 to 6 hours is unnecessary. The child should be dressed for comfort. Light clothing is recommended. Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen is not recommended. 2. Fever is the body's response to an infection, and is not a disease. Allowing the body's natural defenses (fever) to fight the infection is best. The fever is treated if the child is uncomfortable from effects of the fever, such as body aches, headache, etc. Taking the child's temperature more than every 4 to 6 hours is unnecessary. The child should be dressed for comfort. Light clothing is recommended. Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen is not recommended. 3. Fever is the body's response to an infection, and is not a disease. Allowing the body's natural defenses (fever) to fight the infection is best. The fever is treated if the child is uncomfortable from effects of the fever, such as body aches, headache, and so on. Taking the child's temperature more than every 4 to 6 hours is unnecessary. The child should be dressed for comfort. Light clothing is recommended. Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen is not recommended. 4. Fever is the body's response to an infection, and is not a disease. Allowing the body's natural defenses (fever) to fight the infection is best. The fever is treated if the child is uncomfortable from effects of the fever, such as body aches, headache, and so on. Taking the child's temperature more than every 4 to 6 hours is unnecessary. The child should be dressed for comfort. Light clothing is recommended. Alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen is not recommended.

A mother of an 18-month old asks the nurse whether she can begin to introduce low-fat milk like the rest of the family drinks. The nurse answers the mother based on the knowledge that low-fat milk can safely be introduced at what age? 1. 18 months 2. 24 months 3. 3 years 4. 4 years

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Health promotion for the toddler includes whole milk until age 2. Age 1 is too early for low-fat milk; and it can safely be introduced before ages 3 and 4. 2. Health promotion for the toddler includes whole milk until age 2. Age 1 is too early for low-fat milk, and it can safely be introduced before ages 3 and 4. 3. Health promotion for the toddler includes whole milk until age 2. Age 1 is too early for low-fat milk, and it can safely be introduced before ages 3 and 4. 4. Health promotion for the toddler includes whole milk until age 2. Age 1 is too early for low-fat milk, and it can safely be introduced before ages 3 and 4.

Celiac disease presents many challenges for a family. What should the nurse emphasize when educating the parents of a newly diagnosed child? 1. Ice cream is a safe dessert on a gluten-free diet. 2. The child's weight and height should reach normal levels in about 1 year. 3. Processed foods are usually gluten-free. 4. Insurance pays only a small amount of the cost of celiac diets.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Ice cream and many processed foods contain gluten. Payment by insurance is dependent on the plan the family has. Once on a gluten-free diet, the child's height and weight will reach normal range in about 1 year. 2. Ice cream and many processed foods contain gluten. Payment by insurance is dependent on the plan the family has. Once on a gluten-free diet, the child's height and weight will reach normal range in about 1 year. 3. Ice cream and many processed foods contain gluten. Payment by insurance is dependent on the plan the family has. Once on a gluten-free diet, the child's height and weight will reach normal range in about 1 year. 4. Ice cream and many processed foods contain gluten. Payment by insurance is dependent on the plan the family has. Once on a gluten-free diet, the child's height and weight will reach normal range in about 1 year.

The nurse is caring for a child with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which nursing intervention is a priority for this child? 1. Frequent ambulation 2. Maintenance of skin integrity 3. Monitoring of fluid restriction 4. Preparation for x-ray procedures

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Impairment of skin integrity can lead to bleeding in DIC. The child with DIC should be placed on bed rest. Fluids need to be monitored but will not be restricted, and DIC is not diagnosed with x-ray examination but by serum lab studies. 2. Impairment of skin integrity can lead to bleeding in DIC. The child with DIC should be placed on bed rest. Fluids need to be monitored but will not be restricted, and DIC is not diagnosed with x-ray examination but by serum lab studies. 3. Impairment of skin integrity can lead to bleeding in DIC. The child with DIC should be placed on bed rest. Fluids need to be monitored but will not be restricted, and DIC is not diagnosed with x-ray examination but by serum lab studies. 4. Impairment of skin integrity can lead to bleeding in DIC. The child with DIC should be placed on bed rest. Fluids need to be monitored but will not be restricted, and DIC is not diagnosed with x-ray examination but by serum lab studies

A nurse is helping the parents of 2-year-old twins cope with the daily demands of life in an active household. Which strategy is most appropriate for the nurse to use? 1. Health maintenance 2. Health promotion 3. Health protection 4. Health supervision

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. In health promotion, nurses partner with families to promote family strategies in the areas of lifestyle and coping. The definition of health maintenance and health supervision makes the other answers incorrect. Health protection is another term for health maintenance. 2. In health promotion, nurses partner with families to promote family strategies in the areas of lifestyle and coping. The definition of health maintenance and health supervision makes the other answers incorrect. Health protection is another term for health maintenance. 3. In health promotion, nurses partner with families to promote family strategies in the areas of lifestyle and coping. The definition of health maintenance and health supervision makes the other answers incorrect. Health protection is another term for health maintenance. 4. In health promotion, nurses partner with families to promote family strategies in the areas of lifestyle and coping. The definition of health maintenance and health supervision makes the other answers incorrect. Health protection is another term for health maintenance.

An adolescent reports participating in an exercise program at school each Wednesday throughout the school year. Further history reveals that the adolescent does not participate in any other physical activities. Which outcome is most appropriate for this adolescent? 1. The adolescent is reporting information consistent with what 60 percent of adolescents report as participation in physical activities. 2. The adolescent is not meeting the recommendations of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. 3. The adolescent should be encouraged to continue this program of exercise, since something is better than nothing. 4. The adolescent should be encouraged to vigorously exercise for at least 5 minutes each day.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. In this scenario, the adolescent is not receiving the recommended amount of exercise to support good health habits. Encouraging the adolescent to continue as is or to exercise vigorously for 5 minutes each day also is not consistent with current recommendations. Suggesting that "something is better than nothing" is not good practice. 2. In this scenario, the adolescent is not receiving the recommended amount of exercise to support good health habits. Encouraging the adolescent to continue as is or to exercise vigorously for 5 minutes each day also is not consistent with current recommendations. Suggesting that "something is better than nothing" is not good practice. 3. In this scenario, the adolescent is not receiving the recommended amount of exercise to support good health habits. Encouraging the adolescent to continue as is or to exercise vigorously for 5 minutes each day also is not consistent with current recommendations. Suggesting that "something is better than nothing" is not good practice. 4. In this scenario, the adolescent is not receiving the recommended amount of exercise to support good health habits. Encouraging the adolescent to continue as is or to exercise vigorously for 5 minutes each day also is not consistent with current recommendations. Suggesting that "something is better than nothing" is not good practice.

The nurse is providing care to a toddler-age child. Which assessment finding is indicative of abuse? 1. Parents indicating that they did not see the event occur 2. Inconsistency of stories between caregivers 3. Bruising noted on the knees and shins 4. Acting out behavior of the child

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Inconsistency of stories is a red flag for abuse. All other answers are logical explanations for this age group. 2. Inconsistency of stories is a red flag for abuse. All other answers are logical explanations for this age group. 3. Inconsistency of stories is a red flag for abuse. All other answers are logical explanations for this age group. 4. Inconsistency of stories is a red flag for abuse. All other answers are logical explanations for this age group

A 12-year-old pediatric client is in need of surgery. Which member of the healthcare team is legally responsible for obtaining informed consent for an invasive procedure? 1. Nurse 2. Physician 3. Unit secretary 4. Social worker

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Informed consent is legal preauthorization for an invasive procedure. It is the physician's legal responsibility to obtain this, because it consists of an explanation about the medical condition, a detailed description of treatment plans, the expected benefits and risks related to the proposed treatment plan, alternative treatment options, the client's questions, and the guardian's right to refuse treatment. 2. Informed consent is legal preauthorization for an invasive procedure. It is the physician's legal responsibility to obtain this, because it consists of an explanation about the medical condition, a detailed description of treatment plans, the expected benefits and risks related to the proposed treatment plan, alternative treatment options, the client's questions, and the guardian's right to refuse treatment. 3. Informed consent is legal preauthorization for an invasive procedure. It is the physician's legal responsibility to obtain this, because it consists of an explanation about the medical condition, a detailed description of treatment plans, the expected benefits and risks related to the proposed treatment plan, alternative treatment options, the client's questions, and the guardian's right to refuse treatment. 4. Informed consent is legal preauthorization for an invasive procedure. It is the physician's legal responsibility to obtain this, because it consists of an explanation about the medical condition, a detailed description of treatment plans, the expected benefits and risks related to the proposed treatment plan, alternative treatment options, the client's questions, and the guardian's right to refuse treatment.

A nurse is preparing to perform a physical assessment on a toddler. Which action is most appropriate for the nurse to take? 1. Perform the assessment from head to toe. 2. Leave intrusive procedures such as ear and eye examinations until the end. 3. Explain each part of the examination to the child before performing it. 4. Ask the mother to tell the child not to be afraid.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Intrusive procedures such as examination of the ears, throat, eye, and genital areas should be done last to decrease the anxiety of the child during the initial phases of the examination, which includes the heart and lungs. 2. Intrusive procedures such as examination of the ears, throat, eye, and genital areas should be done last to decrease the anxiety of the child during the initial phases of the examination, which includes the heart and lungs. 3. Intrusive procedures such as examination of the ears, throat, eye, and genital areas should be done last to decrease the anxiety of the child during the initial phases of the examination, which includes the heart and lungs. 4. Intrusive procedures such as examination of the ears, throat, eye, and genital areas should be done last to decrease the anxiety of the child during the initial phases of the examination, which includes the heart and lungs.

The nurse is performing a well-child exam on a child who turned 4 years old 3 months ago. What can the nurse ask the child to do to assess appropriate milestones for this age? 1. Jump up and down 2. Throw a ball 3. Stack three or more blocks 4. Draw lines on paper

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Jumping up and down, stacking three or more blocks, and drawing lines on paper are activities that represent milestones for young children. Throwing a ball and observing how it is thrown would assess a milestone for this age. By 4 to 5 years, a child begins to throw a ball overhand. 2. Jumping up and down, stacking three or more blocks, and drawing lines on paper are activities that represent milestones for young children. Throwing a ball and observing how it is thrown would assess a milestone for this age. By 4 to 5 years, a child begins to throw a ball overhand. 3. Jumping up and down, stacking three or more blocks, and drawing lines on paper are activities that represent milestones for young children. Throwing a ball and observing how it is thrown would assess a milestone for this age. By 4 to 5 years, a child begins to throw a ball overhand. 4. Jumping up and down, stacking three or more blocks, and drawing lines on paper are activities that represent milestones for young children. Throwing a ball and observing how it is thrown would assess a milestone for this age. By 4 to 5 years, a child begins to throw a ball overhand.

The nurse is providing nutritional guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which comment by the parent would prompt the nurse to provide additional education? 1. "I should not give my child raw oysters." 2. "It is safe to leave my meat red in the center as long as there are no juices running." 3. "We always wash our hands well before any food preparation." 4. "We use separate utensils for preparing raw meat and preparing fruits, vegetables, and other foods."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Meats should be cooked thoroughly before eating. Meat that is red in the center, with or without running juices, is insufficiently cooked and increases the risk of food-borne illness. Washing hands and using separate utensils help to prevent infection with food-borne pathogens. Raw oysters should be avoided. 2. Meats should be cooked thoroughly before eating. Meat that is red in the center, with or without running juices, is insufficiently cooked and increases the risk of food-borne illness. Washing hands and using separate utensils help to prevent infection with food-borne pathogens. Raw oysters should be avoided. 3. Meats should be cooked thoroughly before eating. Meat that is red in the center, with or without running juices, is insufficiently cooked and increases the risk of food-borne illness. Washing hands and using separate utensils help to prevent infection with food-borne pathogens. Raw oysters should be avoided. 4. Meats should be cooked thoroughly before eating. Meat that is red in the center, with or without running juices, is insufficiently cooked and increases the risk of food-borne illness. Washing hands and using separate utensils help to prevent infection with food-borne pathogens. Raw oysters should be avoided.

What is the pediatric nurse's best defense against an accusation of malpractice or negligence? 1. Following the physician's written orders 2. Meeting the scope and standards of practice for pediatric nursing 3. Being a nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist 4. Acting on the advice of the nurse manager

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Meeting the scope and standards of practice for pediatric nursing would cover the pediatric nurse against an accusation of malpractice or negligence because the standards are rigorous and cover all bases of excellent nursing practice. Following the physician's written orders or acting on the advice of the nurse manager are not enough to defend the nurse from accusations because the orders and/or advice may be wrong or unethical. Being a clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner does not defend the nurse against these accusations if he or she does not follow the Society of Pediatric Nurses standards of practice. 2. Meeting the scope and standards of practice for pediatric nursing would cover the pediatric nurse against an accusation of malpractice or negligence because the standards are rigorous and cover all bases of excellent nursing practice. Following the physician's written orders or acting on the advice of the nurse manager are not enough to defend the nurse from accusations because the orders and/or advice may be wrong or unethical. Being a clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner does not defend the nurse against these accusations if he or she does not follow the Society of Pediatric Nurses standards of practice. 3. Meeting the scope and standards of practice for pediatric nursing would cover the pediatric nurse against an accusation of malpractice or negligence because the standards are rigorous and cover all bases of excellent nursing practice. Following the physician's written orders or acting on the advice of the nurse manager are not enough to defend the nurse from accusations because the orders and/or advice may be wrong or unethical. Being a clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner does not defend the nurse against these accusations if he or she does not follow the Society of Pediatric Nurses standards of practice. 4. Meeting the scope and standards of practice for pediatric nursing would cover the pediatric nurse against an accusation of malpractice or negligence because the standards are rigorous and cover all bases of excellent nursing practice. Following the physician's written orders or acting on the advice of the nurse manager are not enough to defend the nurse from accusations because the orders and/or advice may be wrong or unethical. Being a clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner does not defend the nurse against these accusations if he or she does not follow the Society of Pediatric Nurses standards of practice.

) The pediatric nurse is working with a parent who is suspected of Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Which action by the nurse is the priority? 1. Confront the parent with concerns of possible abuse. 2. Carefully document parent-child interactions. 3. Try to keep the parent separated from the child as much as possible. 4. Explain to the child that the parent is causing the illness and that the health team will prevent the child from being harmed.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy is very difficult to prove, and evidence provided by the careful documentation of the nursing staff can be very influential. Care must be taken not to make the parent suspicious and to keep the child in the hospital until enough evidence is collected. Confronting the parent or separating the parent from the child may alienate the parent and cause him or her to leave with the child. Talking to the child about the health-care team's suspicions may be confusing and frightening for the child. 2. Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy is very difficult to prove, and evidence provided by the careful documentation of the nursing staff can be very influential. Care must be taken not to make the parent suspicious and to keep the child in the hospital until enough evidence is collected. Confronting the parent or separating the parent from the child may alienate the parent and cause him or her to leave with the child. Talking to the child about the health-care team's suspicions may be confusing and frightening for the child. 3. Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy is very difficult to prove, and evidence provided by the careful documentation of the nursing staff can be very influential. Care must be taken not to make the parent suspicious and to keep the child in the hospital until enough evidence is collected. Confronting the parent or separating the parent from the child may alienate the parent and cause him or her to leave with the child. Talking to the child about the health-care team's suspicions may be confusing and frightening for the child. 4. Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy is very difficult to prove, and evidence provided by the careful documentation of the nursing staff can be very influential. Care must be taken not to make the parent suspicious and to keep the child in the hospital until enough evidence is collected. Confronting the parent or separating the parent from the child may alienate the parent and cause him or her to leave with the child. Talking to the child about the health-care team's suspicions may be confusing and frightening for the child. Page Ref: 394-395

The nurse is teaching a group of mothers of infants about the benefits of immunization. Which immunization will the nurse teach to the mothers that can assist in preventing the life-threatening disease epiglottitis? 1. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) 2. Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) 3. Hepatitis B 4. Polio

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) immunization can assist in prevention of epiglottitis. Hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and the polio virus are not causative agents for epiglottitis. 2. The Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) immunization can assist in prevention of epiglottitis. Hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and the polio virus are not causative agents for epiglottitis. 3. The Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) immunization can assist in prevention of epiglottitis. Hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and the polio virus are not causative agents for epiglottitis. 4. The Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) immunization can assist in prevention of epiglottitis. Hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and the polio virus are not causative agents for epiglottitis

While teaching a health promotion class to a group of parents of children in a Head Start class, which information should the nurse include to help decrease the risk of dental caries? 1. Delay introducing cow's milk until at least 1 year of age. 2. Offer drinking cups only at meal and snack times. 3. Encourage use of homemade baby food without preservatives. 4. Offer juices diluted 50 percent with water.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Offering drinking cups only at meal and snack times encourages drinking when thirsty rather than carrying a cup around. This reduces the risk of dental caries. Delaying the introduction of cow's milk, making homemade baby food, or diluting juice does not decrease dental caries. 2. Offering drinking cups only at meal and snack times encourages drinking when thirsty rather than carrying a cup around. This reduces the risk of dental caries. Delaying the introduction of cow's milk, making homemade baby food, or diluting juice does not decrease dental caries. 3. Offering drinking cups only at meal and snack times encourages drinking when thirsty rather than carrying a cup around. This reduces the risk of dental caries. Delaying the introduction of cow's milk, making homemade baby food, or diluting juice does not decrease dental caries. 4. Offering drinking cups only at meal and snack times encourages drinking when thirsty rather than carrying a cup around. This reduces the risk of dental caries. Delaying the introduction of cow's milk, making homemade baby food, or diluting juice does not decrease dental caries.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis patient how to administer the pancreatic enzymes. How often will the nurse teach the parents to administer the enzymes? 1. Two times per day 2. With meals and snacks 3. Every 6 hours around the clock 4. Four times per day

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Pancreatic enzymes are administered with meals and large snacks. A scheduled time would not be appropriate because the enzymes are used to assist in digestion of nutrients. 2. Pancreatic enzymes are administered with meals and large snacks. A scheduled time would not be appropriate because the enzymes are used to assist in digestion of nutrients. 3. Pancreatic enzymes are administered with meals and large snacks. A scheduled time would not be appropriate because the enzymes are used to assist in digestion of nutrients. 4. Pancreatic enzymes are administered with meals and large snacks. A scheduled time would not be appropriate because the enzymes are used to assist in digestion of nutrients

The parents of a critically injured child wish to stay in the room while the child is receiving emergency care. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Escort the parents to the waiting room and assure them that they can see their child soon. 2. Allow the parents to stay with the child. 3. Ask the physician if the parents can stay with the child. 4. Tell the parents that they do not need to stay with the child.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Parents should be allowed to stay with their child if they wish to do so. This position is supported by the Emergency Nurses Association and is a key aspect of family-centered care. 2. Parents should be allowed to stay with their child if they wish to do so. This position is supported by the Emergency Nurses Association and is a key aspect of family-centered care. 3. Parents should be allowed to stay with their child if they wish to do so. This position is supported by the Emergency Nurses Association and is a key aspect of family-centered care. 4. Parents should be allowed to stay with their child if they wish to do so. This position is supported by the Emergency Nurses Association and is a key aspect of family-centered care.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a group of cardiac patients. Which teaching guideline will the nurse include for any child who has undergone cardiac surgery? 1. The child should be restricted from most play activities. 2. The child should be evaluated to determine if prophylactic antibiotics for dental, oral, or upper-respiratory-tract procedures are necessary. 3. The child should not receive routine immunizations. 4. The child can be expected to have a fever for several weeks following the surgery.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Parents should be taught that the child may need prophylactic antibiotics for some dental procedures, according to the American Heart Association, to prevent endocarditis. The child should live a normal and active life following repair of a cardiac defect. Immunizations should be provided according to the schedule, and any unexplained fever should be reported. 2. Parents should be taught that the child may need prophylactic antibiotics for some dental procedures, according to the American Heart Association, to prevent endocarditis. The child should live a normal and active life following repair of a cardiac defect. Immunizations should be provided according to the schedule, and any unexplained fever should be reported. 3. Parents should be taught that the child may need prophylactic antibiotics for some dental procedures, according to the American Heart Association, to prevent endocarditis. The child should live a normal and active life following repair of a cardiac defect. Immunizations should be provided according to the schedule, and any unexplained fever should be reported. 4. Parents should be taught that the child may need prophylactic antibiotics for some dental procedures, according to the American Heart Association, to prevent endocarditis. The child should live a normal and active life following repair of a cardiac defect. Immunizations should be provided according to the schedule, and any unexplained fever should be reported

A school-age client is hypokalemic. The nurse is helping the client complete her menu. Which food selection will the nurse encourage for this client? 1. A hamburger with French fries 2. Pizza with a fruit plate 3. Chicken strips with chips 4. A fajita with rice

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Pizza with the fruit plate should be encouraged because fruits (bananas, apricots, cantaloupe, cherries, peaches, and strawberries) have high amounts of potassium, and a child is likely to eat this combination. 2. Pizza with the fruit plate should be encouraged because fruits (bananas, apricots, cantaloupe, cherries, peaches, and strawberries) have high amounts of potassium, and a child is likely to eat this combination. 3. Pizza with the fruit plate should be encouraged because fruits (bananas, apricots, cantaloupe, cherries, peaches, and strawberries) have high amounts of potassium, and a child is likely to eat this combination. 4. Pizza with the fruit plate should be encouraged because fruits (bananas, apricots, cantaloupe, cherries, peaches, and strawberries) have high amounts of potassium, and a child is likely to eat this combination

The nurse is preparing to perform a hearing screening on a 6-year-old child. The nurse knows this screening is what level of prevention? 1. Primary prevention 2. Secondary prevention 3. Tertiary prevention 4. Quaternary prevention

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Primary prevention includes immunizations, teaching regarding seatbelts, helmets, and so on. 2. Secondary prevention includes developmental, hearing and vision screenings. 3. Tertiary prevention includes rehab, PT, OT, and so on. 4. Quaternary prevention includes advanced levels of medicine, extensive tests.

A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The child's oximetry reading is 88 percent upon admission to the pediatric floor. Which is the priority nursing intervention for this child? 1. Obtain a blood sample to send to the lab for electrolyte analysis. 2. Begin oxygen per nasal cannula. 3. Medicate for pain. 4. Begin administration of intravenous fluids

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Pulse oximetry reading should be 92 or greater. Oxygen by nasal cannula should be started initially. Medicating for pain, administering IV fluids, and sending lab specimens can be done once the child's oxygenation status has been addressed. 2. Pulse oximetry reading should be 92 or greater. Oxygen by nasal cannula should be started initially. Medicating for pain, administering IV fluids, and sending lab specimens can be done once the child's oxygenation status has been addressed. 3. Pulse oximetry reading should be 92 or greater. Oxygen by nasal cannula should be started initially. Medicating for pain, administering IV fluids, and sending lab specimens can be done once the child's oxygenation status has been addressed. 4. Pulse oximetry reading should be 92 or greater. Oxygen by nasal cannula should be started initially. Medicating for pain, administering IV fluids, and sending lab specimens can be done once the child's oxygenation status has been addressed.

) A mother brings her 4-month-old infant in for a routine checkup and vaccinations. The mother reports that the infant was exposed to a brother who has the flu. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate based on these assessment findings? 1. Withhold the vaccinations. 2. Give the vaccinations as scheduled. 3. Withhold the DTaP vaccination but give the others as scheduled. 4. Give the infant the flu vaccination but withhold the others.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Recent exposure to an infectious disease is not a reason to defer a vaccine. There is no reason to withhold any of the vaccinations due at this time. The flu vaccination would not routinely be given to a 4-month-old. 2. Recent exposure to an infectious disease is not a reason to defer a vaccine. There is no reason to withhold any of the vaccinations due at this time. The flu vaccination would not routinely be given to a 4-month-old. 3. Recent exposure to an infectious disease is not a reason to defer a vaccine. There is no reason to withhold any of the vaccinations due at this time. The flu vaccination would not routinely be given to a 4-month-old. 4. Recent exposure to an infectious disease is not a reason to defer a vaccine. There is no reason to withhold any of the vaccinations due at this time. The flu vaccination would not routinely be given to a 4-month-old.

When assessing the cognitive development, which technique would be appropriate to test the remote memory of a 5-year-old? 1. Say the name of an object and after 5 minutes ask the child to tell you what you said the object was. 2. Ask the child to repeat his address. 3. Ask the child to say a poem and listen to the child's speech articulation. 4. Have the child point to various parts of the body as you name them.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Repeating the name of an object after 5 to 10 minutes is assessing recent memory. Asking the child to repeat his address is assessing remote memory. Listening to speech articulation and pointing to body parts both assess communication skills. 2. Repeating the name of an object after 5 to 10 minutes is assessing recent memory. Asking the child to repeat his address is assessing remote memory. Listening to speech articulation and pointing to body parts both assess communication skills. 3. Repeating the name of an object after 5 to 10 minutes is assessing recent memory. Asking the child to repeat his address is assessing remote memory. Listening to speech articulation and pointing to body parts both assess communication skills. 4. Repeating the name of an object after 5 to 10 minutes is assessing recent memory. Asking the child to repeat his address is assessing remote memory. Listening to speech articulation and pointing to body parts both assess communication skills.

Which action by the parents demonstrates an understanding of the nurse's teaching with regard to prevention of iron-deficient anemia? 1. Feeding their infant with a formula that is not iron fortified 2. Starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age 3. Introducing cow's milk at 6 months of age 4. Limiting vitamin C consumption after 1 year of age

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age is recommended for prevention of iron deficiency in children. Infants who are not breast-fed should get iron-fortified formula. Cow's milk should not be introduced until 12 months of age. Vitamin C should be started at 6 to 9 months of age and continued, because foods rich in vitamin C improve iron absorption. 2. Starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age is recommended for prevention of iron deficiency in children. Infants who are not breast-fed should get iron-fortified formula. Cow's milk should not be introduced until 12 months of age. Vitamin C should be started at 6 to 9 months of age and continued, because foods rich in vitamin C improve iron absorption. 3. Starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age is recommended for prevention of iron deficiency in children. Infants who are not breast-fed should get iron-fortified formula. Cow's milk should not be introduced until 12 months of age. Vitamin C should be started at 6 to 9 months of age and continued, because foods rich in vitamin C improve iron absorption. 4. Starting iron-fortified infant cereal at 4 to 6 months of age is recommended for prevention of iron deficiency in children. Infants who are not breast-fed should get iron-fortified formula. Cow's milk should not be introduced until 12 months of age. Vitamin C should be started at 6 to 9 months of age and continued, because foods rich in vitamin C improve iron absorption.

Parents of a preschool-age child report that they find it necessary to spank the child at least once a day. Which response should the nurse make to the parents? 1. "Spanking is one form of discipline; however, you want to be certain that you do not leave any marks on the child." 2. "Let's talk about other forms of discipline that have a more positive effect on the child." 3. "Can you try only spanking the child every other day for one week and see how that affects the child's behavior?" 4. "I think you are not parenting your child properly, so let's talk about ways to improve your parenting skills."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The behavior reported by the parent was excessive. The only response that is appropriate is to find a more positive way of influencing behavior in this age child. The nurse's response needs to reflect these feelings. To suggest spanking as an appropriate form of discipline is inappropriate, especially when the parent is describing daily spanking of the child. 2. The behavior reported by the parent was excessive. The only response that is appropriate is to find a more positive way of influencing behavior in this age child. The nurse's response needs to reflect these feelings. To suggest spanking as an appropriate form of discipline is inappropriate, especially when the parent is describing daily spanking of the child. 3. The behavior reported by the parent was excessive. The only response that is appropriate is to find a more positive way of influencing behavior in this age child. The nurse's response needs to reflect these feelings. To suggest spanking as an appropriate form of discipline is inappropriate, especially when the parent is describing daily spanking of the child. 4. The behavior reported by the parent was excessive. The only response that is appropriate is to find a more positive way of influencing behavior in this age child. The nurse's response needs to reflect these feelings. To suggest spanking as an appropriate form of discipline is inappropriate, especially when the parent is describing daily spanking of the child.

A mother reports that her adolescent is always late. The mother states, "She was born late and has been late every day of her life." Which response should the nurse make to this mother? 1. "You need to establish specific time frames for your adolescent and be certain she adheres to them." 2. "You should not expect your adolescent to be an 'on-time' individual unless you set specific alarms and then reinforce the value of being 'on-time.'" 3. "You should not expect your adolescent to be on time. Teenagers are always late." 4. "You have a major problem. There must be a lot of screaming in your home."

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The best response is to help the mother find a way to help the teen deal with the problem of lateness. The other responses will either create parent-child conflict or make assumptions about household communication. 2. The best response is to help the mother find a way to help the teen deal with the problem of lateness. The other responses will either create parent-child conflict or make assumptions about household communication. 3. The best response is to help the mother find a way to help the teen deal with the problem of lateness. The other responses will either create parent-child conflict or make assumptions about household communication. 4. The best response is to help the mother find a way to help the teen deal with the problem of lateness. The other responses will either create parent-child conflict or make assumptions about household communication.

The nurse is caring for a child on bed rest who has severe edema in a left lower leg due to blocked lymphatic drainage. Which is the priority diagnosis for this child? 1. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements 2. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity 3. Risk for Altered Body Image 4. Risk for Activity Intolerance

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The highest priority problem is skin integrity. Nutrition, body image, and activity intolerance would not take priority over the integrity of the skin for this scenario. 2. The highest priority problem is skin integrity. Nutrition, body image, and activity intolerance would not take priority over the integrity of the skin for this scenario. 3. The highest priority problem is skin integrity. Nutrition, body image, and activity intolerance would not take priority over the integrity of the skin for this scenario. 4. The highest priority problem is skin integrity. Nutrition, body image, and activity intolerance would not take priority over the integrity of the skin for this scenario

A nurse who is the manager of an ambulatory pediatric healthcare center is planning protocols for the routine healthcare visits of the children. Children at this care center have a high incidence of obesity. At which age should the nurses at this clinic calculate the body mass index (BMI) for all pediatric clients? 1. 12 months 2. 24 months 3. 36 months 4. 4 years

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The body mass index is first calculated at 2 years of age and gives information about the relationship between the height and weight of the child. With this information, the nurse would be able to develop strategies that may reduce the incidence of obesity. 2. The body mass index is first calculated at 2 years of age and gives information about the relationship between the height and weight of the child. With this information, the nurse would be able to develop strategies that may reduce the incidence of obesity. 3. The body mass index is first calculated at 2 years of age and gives information about the relationship between the height and weight of the child. With this information, the nurse would be able to develop strategies that may reduce the incidence of obesity. 4. The body mass index is first calculated at 2 years of age and gives information about the relationship between the height and weight of the child. With this information, the nurse would be able to develop strategies that may reduce the incidence of obesity.

In the pediatric well-child clinic, the nurse explains the reason for an immunization series to the child's mother. This action represents which item? 1. Health assessment 2. Health promotion 3. Health maintenance 4. Health screening

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The explanation to the mother by the nurse provides an understanding of the immunization series to the mother and enables the mother to make an intelligent choice. While administering immunizations is considered health maintenance, the activity described in the question is clearly health promotion. A health assessment would be completed to determine what immunizations are needed. Health maintenance is the actual administration of the immunization and health screening involves looking at the immunization record to determine which immunizations are needed. 2. The explanation to the mother by the nurse provides an understanding of the immunization series to the mother and enables the mother to make an intelligent choice. While administering immunizations is considered health maintenance, the activity described in the question is clearly health promotion. A health assessment would be completed to determine what immunizations are needed. Health maintenance is the actual administration of the immunization and health screening involves looking at the immunization record to determine which immunizations are needed. 3. The explanation to the mother by the nurse provides an understanding of the immunization series to the mother and enables the mother to make an intelligent choice. While administering immunizations is considered health maintenance, the activity described in the question is clearly health promotion. A health assessment would be completed to determine what immunizations are needed. Health maintenance is the actual administration of the immunization and health screening involves looking at the immunization record to determine which immunizations are needed. 4. The explanation to the mother by the nurse provides an understanding of the immunization series to the mother and enables the mother to make an intelligent choice. While administering immunizations is considered health maintenance, the activity described in the question is clearly health promotion. A health assessment would be completed to determine what immunizations are needed. Health maintenance is the actual administration of the immunization and health screening involves looking at the immunization record to determine which immunizations are needed.

A family actively participates in school functions. One of the children is paraplegic and requires a wheelchair for mobility. Which process does the nurse determine the family is working on based on these assessment findings? 1. Stagnation 2. Normalization 3. Isolation 4. Interaction

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The family is normalizing life with the children through activities. The family is not staying at home because one member cannot walk; rather, the family is moving on to full participation in life. The family is interacting with others through the process of normalization. 2. The family is normalizing life with the children through activities. The family is not staying at home because one member cannot walk; rather, the family is moving on to full participation in life. The family is interacting with others through the process of normalization. 3. The family is normalizing life with the children through activities. The family is not staying at home because one member cannot walk; rather, the family is moving on to full participation in life. The family is interacting with others through the process of normalization. 4. The family is normalizing life with the children through activities. The family is not staying at home because one member cannot walk; rather, the family is moving on to full participation in life. The family is interacting with others through the process of normalization

The nurse is planning care for clients seen in a newborn clinic. Which is the priority for a newborn client during the first clinic visit? 1. Providing pamphlets to reinforce information provided at the visit 2. Assessing the newborn-family interactions 3. Modeling infant-nurturing behaviors 4. Informing the parents of the infant's gains in height and weight

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The first step in the nursing process is assessment; therefore, the nurse should assess the interactions of the parents with the newborn. Providing pamphlets to help educate the parents should be done at each appropriate office visit; however, the pamphlets would be distributed after assessment of parent needs. While the nurse should be a role model for nurturing behaviors during the office visit, this would not be the first thing the nurse performs at the office visit. While parents are informed of the infant's gains in height and weight, this activity does not take priority. 2. The first step in the nursing process is assessment; therefore, the nurse should assess the interactions of the parents with the newborn. Providing pamphlets to help educate the parents should be done at each appropriate office visit; however, the pamphlets would be distributed after assessment of parent needs. While the nurse should be a role model for nurturing behaviors during the office visit, this would not be the first thing the nurse performs at the office visit. While parents are informed of the infant's gains in height and weight, this activity does not take priority. 3. The first step in the nursing process is assessment; therefore, the nurse should assess the interactions of the parents with the newborn. Providing pamphlets to help educate the parents should be done at each appropriate office visit; however, the pamphlets would be distributed after assessment of parent needs. While the nurse should be a role model for nurturing behaviors during the office visit, this would not be the first thing the nurse performs at the office visit. While parents are informed of the infant's gains in height and weight, this activity does not take priority. 4. The first step in the nursing process is assessment; therefore, the nurse should assess the interactions of the parents with the newborn. Providing pamphlets to help educate the parents should be done at each appropriate office visit; however, the pamphlets would be distributed after assessment of parent needs. While the nurse should be a role model for nurturing behaviors during the office visit, this would not be the first thing the nurse performs at the office visit. While parents are informed of the infant's gains in height and weight, this activity does not take priority.

A nurse is planning care for a family who is undergoing genetic screening. Which expected outcome will the nurse include in the plan of care for this family? 1. Consult an attorney before making a decision. 2. Make a voluntary decision related to genetic health issues. 3. Not consider the influence of genetics on health promotion. 4. Look closely at the present before considering the future as it relates to genetic screening.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The goal of nursing care is to allow informed, voluntary decisions when it comes to genetic screening. 2. The goal of nursing care is to allow informed, voluntary decisions when it comes to genetic screening. 3. The goal of nursing care is to allow informed, voluntary decisions when it comes to genetic screening. 4. The goal of nursing care is to allow informed, voluntary decisions when it comes to genetic screening.

The nurse recognizes that the pediatric client is from a cultural background different from that of the hospital staff. Which goal is most appropriate for this client when planning nursing care? 1. Overlook or minimize the differences that exist. 2. Facilitate the family's ability to comply with the care needed. 3. Avoid inadvertently offending the family by imposing the nurse's perspective. 4. Encourage complementary beneficial cultural practices as primary therapies.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The incorporation of the family's cultural perspective into the care plan is most likely to result in the family's ability to accept medical care and comply with the regimen prescribed. Since culture develops from social learning, attempts to ignore or minimize cultural consideration will result in mistrust, suspicion, or offenses that can have negative effects upon the health of children by reducing the resources available to promote health and prevent illness. Complementary therapy may be used later if other primary therapies prove to be ineffective. 2. The incorporation of the family's cultural perspective into the care plan is most likely to result in the family's ability to accept medical care and comply with the regimen prescribed. Since culture develops from social learning, attempts to ignore or minimize cultural consideration will result in mistrust, suspicion, or offenses that can have negative effects upon the health of children by reducing the resources available to promote health and prevent illness. Complementary therapy may be used later if other primary therapies prove to be ineffective. 3. The incorporation of the family's cultural perspective into the care plan is most likely to result in the family's ability to accept medical care and comply with the regimen prescribed. Since culture develops from social learning, attempts to ignore or minimize cultural consideration will result in mistrust, suspicion, or offenses that can have negative effects upon the health of children by reducing the resources available to promote health and prevent illness. Complementary therapy may be used later if other primary therapies prove to be ineffective. 4. The incorporation of the family's cultural perspective into the care plan is most likely to result in the family's ability to accept medical care and comply with the regimen prescribed. Since culture develops from social learning, attempts to ignore or minimize cultural consideration will result in mistrust, suspicion, or offenses that can have negative effects upon the health of children by reducing the resources available to promote health and prevent illness. Complementary therapy may be used later if other primary therapies prove to be ineffective.

The nurse is providing care to an infant in the emergency department. Upon assessment, the infant is noted to have to be experiencing tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, and nasal flaring. The infant is irritability and the parents state the infant has had poor fluid intake for two days. Pulse ox reading is currently at 85 percent on room air. The infant's blood gas is pending. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate for this infant? 1. Bronchitis 2. Bronchiolitis 3. Pneumonia 4. Active pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The nurse anticipates the infant will be diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Symptoms of bronchiolitis include mild respiratory symptoms that progress to tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, irritability, poor fluid intake, hypoxia, cyanosis, and decreased mental status. Symptoms of bronchitis include a dry hacking cough, increases in severity at night, painful chest and ribs. Symptoms of pneumonia include initial rhinitis and cough, followed by fever, crackles, wheezes, dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, diminished breath sounds. Symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis include persistent cough, decreased appetite, weight loss or failure to gain weight, low-grade fever, night sweats, chills, enlarged lymph nodes. 2. The nurse anticipates the infant will be diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Symptoms of bronchiolitis include mild respiratory symptoms that progress to tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, irritability, poor fluid intake, hypoxia, cyanosis, and decreased mental status. Symptoms of bronchitis include a dry hacking cough, increases in severity at night, painful chest and ribs. Symptoms of pneumonia include initial rhinitis and cough, followed by fever, crackles, wheezes, dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, diminished breath sounds. Symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis include persistent cough, decreased appetite, weight loss or failure to gain weight, low-grade fever, night sweats, chills, enlarged lymph nodes. 3. The nurse anticipates the infant will be diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Symptoms of bronchiolitis include mild respiratory symptoms that progress to tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, irritability, poor fluid intake, hypoxia, cyanosis, and decreased mental status. Symptoms of bronchitis include a dry hacking cough, increases in severity at night, painful chest and ribs. Symptoms of pneumonia include initial rhinitis and cough, followed by fever, crackles, wheezes, dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, diminished breath sounds. Symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis include persistent cough, decreased appetite, weight loss or failure to gain weight, low-grade fever, night sweats, chills, enlarged lymph nodes. 4. The nurse anticipates the infant will be diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Symptoms of bronchiolitis include mild respiratory symptoms that progress to tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, irritability, poor fluid intake, hypoxia, cyanosis, and decreased mental status. Symptoms of bronchitis include a dry hacking cough, increases in severity at night, painful chest and ribs. Symptoms of pneumonia include initial rhinitis and cough, followed by fever, crackles, wheezes, dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, diminished breath sounds. Symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis include persistent cough, decreased appetite, weight loss or failure to gain weight, low-grade fever, night sweats, chills, enlarged lymph nodes.

The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a parent who states that her 18-month-old is making a crowing sound when he breathes and is hard to wake up. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Obtain the history of the illness from the parent. 2. Advise the parent to hang up and call 9-1-1. 3. Make an appointment for the child to see the healthcare provider. 4. Reassure the parent and provide instructions on home care for the child.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The nurse should immediately recognize the symptoms of severe upper respiratory distress and advise the parent to call 9-1-1. Crowing is heard when there is severe narrowing of the airway. The other actions would be appropriate in nonemergency situations. 2. The nurse should immediately recognize the symptoms of severe upper respiratory distress and advise the parent to call 9-1-1. Crowing is heard when there is severe narrowing of the airway. The other actions would be appropriate in nonemergency situations. 3. The nurse should immediately recognize the symptoms of severe upper respiratory distress and advise the parent to call 9-1-1. Crowing is heard when there is severe narrowing of the airway. The other actions would be appropriate in nonemergency situations. 4. The nurse should immediately recognize the symptoms of severe upper respiratory distress and advise the parent to call 9-1-1. Crowing is heard when there is severe narrowing of the airway. The other actions would be appropriate in nonemergency situations.

The nurse is assessing an adolescent client whose weight is in the 5th percentile. Based on this information, which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask the adolescent client? 1. "Do you eat the school lunches?" 2. "Do you have any concerns about your weight?" 3. "Do you eat fruits, vegetables, and drink milk?" 4. "How many meals do you eat each day?"

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The only question that addresses the adolescent's weight, which is below the expected norm, is "Do you have any concerns about your weight?" Asking about school lunches, eating fruits and vegetables, and how many meals eaten each day should be used to obtain a nutritional history; however, those questions do not address the underweight status of the adolescent. 2. The only question that addresses the adolescent's weight, which is below the expected norm, is "Do you have any concerns about your weight?" Asking about school lunches, eating fruits and vegetables, and how many meals eaten each day should be used to obtain a nutritional history; however, those questions do not address the underweight status of the adolescent. 3. The only question that addresses the adolescent's weight, which is below the expected norm, is "Do you have any concerns about your weight?" Asking about school lunches, eating fruits and vegetables, and how many meals eaten each day should be used to obtain a nutritional history; however, those questions do not address the underweight status of the adolescent. 4. The only question that addresses the adolescent's weight, which is below the expected norm, is "Do you have any concerns about your weight?" Asking about school lunches, eating fruits and vegetables, and how many meals eaten each day should be used to obtain a nutritional history; however, those questions do not address the underweight status of the adolescent.

The nurse is working on parenting skills with a group of mothers. Which mother would need the fewest discipline-related suggestions? 1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative 3. Indifferent 4. Permissive

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The parental style that results in positive outcomes for the behavior and learning of its children is the authoritative style. Nurses have observed that children from homes using this parental style more frequently have personalities manifesting self-reliance, self-control, and social competence. These parents should be praised for using the preferred approach. Children in the authoritarian parenting family are denied opportunity to develop some skills in the areas of self-direction, communication, and negotiation. Under the permissive parental style, children do not learn the socially acceptable limits of behaviors. The indifferent parental style results in children who often exhibit destructive behaviors and delinquency. 2. The parental style that results in positive outcomes for the behavior and learning of its children is the authoritative style. Nurses have observed that children from homes using this parental style more frequently have personalities manifesting self-reliance, self-control, and social competence. These parents should be praised for using the preferred approach. Children in the authoritarian parenting family are denied opportunity to develop some skills in the areas of self-direction, communication, and negotiation. Under the permissive parental style, children do not learn the socially acceptable limits of behaviors. The indifferent parental style results in children who often exhibit destructive behaviors and delinquency. 3. The parental style that results in positive outcomes for the behavior and learning of its children is the authoritative style. Nurses have observed that children from homes using this parental style more frequently have personalities manifesting self-reliance, self-control, and social competence. These parents should be praised for using the preferred approach. Children in the authoritarian parenting family are denied opportunity to develop some skills in the areas of self-direction, communication, and negotiation. Under the permissive parental style, children do not learn the socially acceptable limits of behaviors. The indifferent parental style results in children who often exhibit destructive behaviors and delinquency. 4. The parental style that results in positive outcomes for the behavior and learning of its children is the authoritative style. Nurses have observed that children from homes using this parental style more frequently have personalities manifesting self-reliance, self-control, and social competence. These parents should be praised for using the preferred approach. Children in the authoritarian parenting family are denied opportunity to develop some skills in the areas of self-direction, communication, and negotiation. Under the permissive parental style, children do not learn the socially acceptable limits of behaviors. The indifferent parental style results in children who often exhibit destructive behaviors and delinquency

Which intervention is considered supportive care for a family whose infant has died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? 1. Interviewing parents to determine the cause of the SIDS incident 2. Allowing parents to hold, touch, and rock the infant 3. Sheltering parents from the grief by not giving them any personal items of the infant, such as footprints 4. Advising parents that an autopsy is not necessary

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The parents should be allowed to hold, touch, and rock the infant, giving them a chance to say good-bye to their baby. The other options are nontherapeutic. The death of an infant without a known medical condition is an indication for an autopsy. 2. The parents should be allowed to hold, touch, and rock the infant, giving them a chance to say good-bye to their baby. The other options are nontherapeutic. The death of an infant without a known medical condition is an indication for an autopsy. 3. The parents should be allowed to hold, touch, and rock the infant, giving them a chance to say good-bye to their baby. The other options are nontherapeutic. The death of an infant without a known medical condition is an indication for an autopsy. 4. The parents should be allowed to hold, touch, and rock the infant, giving them a chance to say good-bye to their baby. The other options are nontherapeutic. The death of an infant without a known medical condition is an indication for an autopsy.

A nurse is caring for a visually impaired school-age child. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority for this child during the admission process? 1. Explaining playroom policies 2. Orienting the child to where furniture is placed in the room 3. Letting the child touch equipment that will be used during the hospitalization 4. Taking the child on a tour of the unit

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The priority intervention is to orient the child to furniture placement in the room. This is priority because it addresses basic safety for a client with a visual impairment. Policies, handling equipment, and tours can be done at a later time. 2. The priority intervention is to orient the child to furniture placement in the room. This is priority because it addresses basic safety for a client with a visual impairment. Policies, handling equipment, and tours can be done at a later time. 3. The priority intervention is to orient the child to furniture placement in the room. This is priority because it addresses basic safety for a client with a visual impairment. Policies, handling equipment, and tours can be done at a later time. 4. The priority intervention is to orient the child to furniture placement in the room. This is priority because it addresses basic safety for a client with a visual impairment. Policies, handling equipment, and tours can be done at a later time. Page Ref: 455

A school-age client who recently moved to a new school in a different town presents to an ambulatory care center and describes the following: "I have no friends in my new school and I no longer want to play soccer. I know I will be lonely there, too." Which of these takes priority when speaking with the school-age client? 1. Helping the school-age client realize the value of soccer 2. Promoting healthy mental-health outcomes 3. Acknowledging the fact that it takes several months to make new friends at a new school 4. Stressing the importance of remaining in a close parent-child relationship during these stressful times

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The school-age client is obviously lonely with the move to the new school. The nurse should focus on appropriate coping skills, which will enhance good mental-health outcomes for the child. It would not be appropriate to discuss the importance of soccer at this time, since the school-age client must deal with the loss of friends and developing new friendships first. The parent-child relationship should not be used as a substitute for the development of new peer relationships. 2. The school-age client is obviously lonely with the move to the new school. The nurse should focus on appropriate coping skills, which will enhance good mental-health outcomes for the child. It would not be appropriate to discuss the importance of soccer at this time, since the school-age client must deal with the loss of friends and developing new friendships first. The parent-child relationship should not be used as a substitute for the development of new peer relationships. 3. The school-age client is obviously lonely with the move to the new school. The nurse should focus on appropriate coping skills, which will enhance good mental-health outcomes for the child. It would not be appropriate to discuss the importance of soccer at this time, since the school-age client must deal with the loss of friends and developing new friendships first. The parent-child relationship should not be used as a substitute for the development of new peer relationships. 4. The school-age client is obviously lonely with the move to the new school. The nurse should focus on appropriate coping skills, which will enhance good mental-health outcomes for the child. It would not be appropriate to discuss the importance of soccer at this time, since the school-age client must deal with the loss of friends and developing new friendships first. The parent-child relationship should not be used as a substitute for the development of new peer relationships.

There are several tools that help with obtaining a cultural assessment of a client and his family. Which tool would be appropriate to gather 12 major concepts of cultural assessment? 1. Sunrise enabler 2. Model for cultural competence 3. Transcultural assessment model 4. Health traditions model

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. The sunrise enabler examines influences on care and culture. The model for cultural competence will gather information on 12 major concepts. The transcultural assessment model is based on 6 phenomena. The health traditions model is predicated on holistic health. 2. The sunrise enabler examines influences on care and culture. The model for cultural competence will gather information on 12 major concepts. The transcultural assessment model is based on 6 phenomena. The health traditions model is predicated on holistic health. 3. The sunrise enabler examines influences on care and culture. The model for cultural competence will gather information on 12 major concepts. The transcultural assessment model is based on 6 phenomena. The health traditions model is predicated on holistic health. 4. The sunrise enabler examines influences on care and culture. The model for cultural competence will gather information on 12 major concepts. The transcultural assessment model is based on 6 phenomena. The health traditions model is predicated on holistic health

A 9-year-old child who has been followed in the same pediatric home since birth is at the healthcare center for a well-child visit. A nurse who measures the height and weight of the child documents 35th percentile for height and 90th percentile for weight. How should the nurse interpret these data? 1. The child is beginning a growth spurt. 2. The child is obese and needs dietary counseling. 3. The parents are most likely below the 50th percentile for height and weight. 4. As soon as the child begins the adolescent growth spurt, the height and weight measurements will normalize.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. These data show that the child is disproportionate in height and weight. This child's weight is very high in comparison to height. The child would appear obese. Dietary history and counseling are the first steps. This child may also need an endocrine evaluation. This is not a growth spurt since height is what is referred to as a growth spurt. No assumptions about the parents can be made from the data presented. The statement about the adolescent growth spurt is incorrect for a child of this age. 2. These data show that the child is disproportionate in height and weight. This child's weight is very high in comparison to height. The child would appear obese. Dietary history and counseling are the first steps. This child may also need an endocrine evaluation. This is not a growth spurt since height is what is referred to as a growth spurt. No assumptions about the parents can be made from the data presented. The statement about the adolescent growth spurt is incorrect for a child of this age. 3. These data show that the child is disproportionate in height and weight. This child's weight is very high in comparison to height. The child would appear obese. Dietary history and counseling are the first steps. This child may also need an endocrine evaluation. This is not a growth spurt since height is what is referred to as a growth spurt. No assumptions about the parents can be made from the data presented. The statement about the adolescent growth spurt is incorrect for a child of this age. 4. These data show that the child is disproportionate in height and weight. This child's weight is very high in comparison to height. The child would appear obese. Dietary history and counseling are the first steps. This child may also need an endocrine evaluation. This is not a growth spurt since height is what is referred to as a growth spurt. No assumptions about the parents can be made from the data presented. The statement about the adolescent growth spurt is incorrect for a child of this age.

The child was just transferred to the postanesthesia unit (PACU) and report given. The nurse has performed baseline vital signs, the child is stable and pain is under control. What should the nurse do next? 1. Document 2. Allow the parents to visit the child 3. Discharge the child 4. Look for signs of infection 5. Offer clear liquids

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. This is not the next task the nurse should perform. 2. If the child is stable and pain is under control, the nurse should allow the parents to visit with the child. 3. The child has just come to the PACU, the normal amount of time in the PACU is at least one hour. 4. The vital signs and operative area will be monitored throughout the child's time in PACU. 5. The child has just been transferred to PACU, the child will be offered liquids when fully awake.

A 27-month-old toddler who is in the pediatric office for a well-child visit begins to cry the moment he is placed on the examination table. The parent attempts to comfort the toddler; however, nothing is effective. Which of these actions by the nurse takes priority? 1. Instruct the father to hold the toddler down tightly to complete the examination. 2. Allow the toddler to sit on the parent's lap and begin the assessment. 3. Allow the toddler to stand on the floor until he stops crying. 4. Ask another nurse in the office to hold the toddler, because the parent is not able to control the toddler's behavior.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Toddlers are most comfortable when sitting with the parents. Much of the examination can be completed in this way. Allowing the toddler to stand on the floor is inappropriate. A nurse can assist if the parent is unable to hold the child during the examination of the throat and ears to prevent injury from movement. 2. Toddlers are most comfortable when sitting with the parents. Much of the examination can be completed in this way. Allowing the toddler to stand on the floor is inappropriate. A nurse can assist if the parent is unable to hold the child during the examination of the throat and ears to prevent injury from movement. 3. Toddlers are most comfortable when sitting with the parents. Much of the examination can be completed in this way. Allowing the toddler to stand on the floor is inappropriate. A nurse can assist if the parent is unable to hold the child during the examination of the throat and ears to prevent injury from movement. 4. Toddlers are most comfortable when sitting with the parents. Much of the examination can be completed in this way. Allowing the toddler to stand on the floor is inappropriate. A nurse can assist if the parent is unable to hold the child during the examination of the throat and ears to prevent injury from movement.

A child is on a ventilator in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Which nursing intervention would best meet the psychosocial needs of this child? 1. Allow the parents to remain at the bedside. 2. Touch and talk to the child often. 3. Provide the child with a blanket from home. 4. Provide consistent caregivers.

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Touch and verbal exchanges will aid in psychosocial support. The other responses provide a sense of security. 2. Touch and verbal exchanges will aid in psychosocial support. The other responses provide a sense of security. 3. Touch and verbal exchanges will aid in psychosocial support. The other responses provide a sense of security. 4. Touch and verbal exchanges will aid in psychosocial support. The other responses provide a sense of security.

The community-health nurse is planning an education session for recently hired teachers at a child-care center. Which item is priority for the community-health nurse to include in the educational session? 1. The schedule for immunizations 2. Principles of infection control 3. How to interpret healthcare records 4. How to take a temperature

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. While all of the information is nice to know, it is most essential that teachers know principles of infection control to decrease the spread of germs that can cause disease in young children. 2. While all of the information is nice to know, it is most essential that teachers know principles of infection control to decrease the spread of germs that can cause disease in young children. 3. While all of the information is nice to know, it is most essential that teachers know principles of infection control to decrease the spread of germs that can cause disease in young children. 4. While all of the information is nice to know, it is most essential that teachers know principles of infection control to decrease the spread of germs that can cause disease in young children.

The charge nurse on a hospital unit is developing plans of care related to separation anxiety. The charge nurse recognizes that which hospitalized child at highest risk to experience separation anxiety when parents cannot stay? 1. 6-month-old 2. 18-month-old 3. 3-year-old 4. 4-year-old

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. While all of these children can experience separation anxiety, the young toddler is at highest risk. Toddlers are the group most at risk for a stressful experience when hospitalized. Separation from parents increases this risk greatly. 2. While all of these children can experience separation anxiety, the young toddler is at highest risk. Toddlers are the group most at risk for a stressful experience when hospitalized. Separation from parents increases this risk greatly. 3. While all of these children can experience separation anxiety, the young toddler is at highest risk. Toddlers are the group most at risk for a stressful experience when hospitalized. Separation from parents increases this risk greatly. 4. While all of these children can experience separation anxiety, the young toddler is at highest risk. Toddlers are the group most at risk for a stressful experience when hospitalized. Separation from parents increases this risk greatly.

While working at a weekend "free clinic," the nurse is assessing a toddler when the mother of the child confides that it has been very difficult providing for her family of four children on her limited budget. She is not sure that she has enough money to buy food for the rest of the month and the antibiotic that is needed for the child's ear infection. Which intervention would be the most beneficial for this family? 1. Giving the mother enough free samples of the antibiotic for the recommended course of treatment 2. Putting the mother in contact with a local agency that provides food on a regular basis to needy families and helps them access other resources in the community 3. Talking with the mother about the factors that increase a child's risk of acquiring an ear infection 4. Talking with the mother about the importance of a balanced diet in the growth and development of children and providing her with a list of inexpensive, nutritious foods

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. While most of these are good interventions, putting the mother in contact with a local agency is most likely to meet the family's basic need for food and possibly connect the mother to a resource that could supply her with the antibiotic for her child. Also, many uncomplicated ear infections can resolve without antibiotic treatment. Giving antibiotics will only benefit the child, and the question asks what will benefit the child and family. 2. While most of these are good interventions, putting the mother in contact with a local agency is most likely to meet the family's basic need for food and possibly connect the mother to a resource that could supply her with the antibiotic for her child. Also, many uncomplicated ear infections can resolve without antibiotic treatment. Giving antibiotics will only benefit the child, and the question asks what will benefit the child and family. 3. While most of these are good interventions, putting the mother in contact with a local agency is most likely to meet the family's basic need for food and possibly connect the mother to a resource that could supply her with the antibiotic for her child. Also, many uncomplicated ear infections can resolve without antibiotic treatment. Giving antibiotics will only benefit the child, and the question asks what will benefit the child and family. 4. While most of these are good interventions, putting the mother in contact with a local agency is most likely to meet the family's basic need for food and possibly connect the mother to a resource that could supply her with the antibiotic for her child. Also, many uncomplicated ear infections can resolve without antibiotic treatment. Giving antibiotics will only benefit the child, and the question asks what will benefit the child and family

) A recently divorced mother who must return to work is concerned about the effects of placing her child in day care full time. In counseling the mother, which factor does the nurse share as the most influential in determining whether or not day care has a positive or negative effect on the child? 1. The ratio of day-care workers to children 2. The closeness of the parent-child relationship 3. The amount of time that the children spend playing outside 4. The cleanliness of the facility

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. While the ratio of child-care workers to the children, the cleanliness of the facility, and how much time the children are able to spend playing outdoors all can contribute to whether or not child care is a positive or negative experience, the closeness of the parent-child relationship is more likely to impact how resilient the child is, and this has a greater impact on the effects of the child-care experience. 2. While the ratio of child-care workers to the children, the cleanliness of the facility, and how much time the children are able to spend playing outdoors all can contribute to whether or not child care is a positive or negative experience, the closeness of the parent-child relationship is more likely to impact how resilient the child is, and this has a greater impact on the effects of the child-care experience. 3. While the ratio of child-care workers to the children, the cleanliness of the facility, and how much time the children are able to spend playing outdoors all can contribute to whether or not child care is a positive or negative experience, the closeness of the parent-child relationship is more likely to impact how resilient the child is, and this has a greater impact on the effects of the child-care experience. 4. While the ratio of child-care workers to the children, the cleanliness of the facility, and how much time the children are able to spend playing outdoors all can contribute to whether or not child care is a positive or negative experience, the closeness of the parent-child relationship is more likely to impact how resilient the child is, and this has a greater impact on the effects of the child-care experience

A nurse is administering an intramuscular vaccination to an infant diagnosed with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Which reaction is the infant more at risk for due to the diagnosis of WAS? 1. Pain at injection site 2. Bleeding at injection site 3. Redness and swelling at injection site 4. Mild rash at injection site

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia, with bleeding tendencies appearing during the neonatal period. The syndrome would not put the child at higher risk for pain, redness, swelling, or rash at the injection site. 2. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia, with bleeding tendencies appearing during the neonatal period. The syndrome would not put the child at higher risk for pain, redness, swelling, or rash at the injection site. 3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia, with bleeding tendencies appearing during the neonatal period. The syndrome would not put the child at higher risk for pain, redness, swelling, or rash at the injection site. 4. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia, with bleeding tendencies appearing during the neonatal period. The syndrome would not put the child at higher risk for pain, redness, swelling, or rash at the injection site

The nurse has set up a group discussion for several families with chronically ill children. The nurse informs these parents that they may face which ethical issue? 1. Normalization 2. Withholding and refusal of treatment 3. Repeated hospital admissions 4. Lack of proper dietary needs

Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. Withholding and refusal of treatment is an ethical issue involving the life and quality of life of the child. Normalization is a family process of adaptation as the family members cope with daily life with their child. Lack of dietary needs is not an ethical issue, nor is repeated hospital admissions. 2. Withholding and refusal of treatment is an ethical issue involving the life and quality of life of the child. Normalization is a family process of adaptation as the family members cope with daily life with their child. Lack of dietary needs is not an ethical issue, nor is repeated hospital admissions. 3. Withholding and refusal of treatment is an ethical issue involving the life and quality of life of the child. Normalization is a family process of adaptation as the family members cope with daily life with their child. Lack of dietary needs is not an ethical issue, nor is repeated hospital admissions. 4. Withholding and refusal of treatment is an ethical issue involving the life and quality of life of the child. Normalization is a family process of adaptation as the family members cope with daily life with their child. Lack of dietary needs is not an ethical issue, nor is repeated hospital admissions.

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 13-year-old regarding the behaviors they may encounter after telling the child about their plans to divorce. Which behaviors could the child demonstrate? Select all that apply. 1. Sorrow 2. Skipping school 3. Risk-taking 4. Withdraw from friends and activities 5. Temper tantrums

Answer: 2, 3 Explanation: 1. Preschool behaviors include: fear, anxiety, worry, self-blame, sorrow, grief, anger, regression, searching and questioning, temper tantrums, crankiness and aggression, loneliness, unhappiness, and depression. 2. Adolescent behaviors include: panic, fear, depression, guilt, risk-taking, fear of loneliness and abandonment, denial, anger, sadness, aggressiveness, skipping or dropping out of school, use of drugs and alcohol, and sexual acting out. 3. Adolescent behaviors include: panic, fear, depression, guilt, risk-taking, fear of loneliness and abandonment, denial, anger, sadness, aggressiveness, skipping or dropping out of school, use of drugs and alcohol, and sexual acting out. 4. School age behaviors include: worry, anxiety depression, sadness, insecurity, fantasy, grief, guilt, self-blame, inability to concentrate on schoolwork, lower academic achievement, regression, aggression, confusion, anger resentment, behavioral problems at school and home, manipulation of parents, withdrawal from friends and activities, fear, and loneliness. 5. Preschool behaviors include: fear, anxiety, worry, self-blame, sorrow, grief, anger, regression, searching and questioning, temper tantrums, crankiness and aggression, loneliness, unhappiness, and depression. Page Ref: 25, 2

The nurse is planning care for a school-age client and family who have expressed wanting to use complementary and alternative modalities (CAM) in the treatment plan. Which interventions can the nurse safely implement into the plan of care? Select all that apply. 1. Substituting an herbal remedy for a prescribed medication 2. Encouraging the parents to share which modalities they would like to implement 3. Educating on the benefits and risks for each modality 4. Using essential oils to decrease nausea 5. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for this client and family include encouraging the parents to share which modalities they want to implement, educating about the risks and benefits of each modality, and using modalities that are safe, such the use of essential oils to decrease nausea. An herbal remedy should not be substituted for a prescribed medication, but can be used if deemed safe with the prescribed medication. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies does not support the client and family who want to use CAM in the treatment plan. 2. Appropriate interventions for this client and family include encouraging the parents to share which modalities they want to implement, educating about the risks and benefits of each modality, and using modalities that are safe, such the use of essential oils to decrease nausea. An herbal remedy should not be substituted for a prescribed medication, but can be used if deemed safe with the prescribed medication. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies does not support the client and family who want to use CAM in the treatment plan. 3. Appropriate interventions for this client and family include encouraging the parents to share which modalities they want to implement, educating about the risks and benefits of each modality, and using modalities that are safe, such the use of essential oils to decrease nausea. An herbal remedy should not be substituted for a prescribed medication, but can be used if deemed safe with the prescribed medication. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies does not support the client and family who want to use CAM in the treatment plan. 4. Appropriate interventions for this client and family include encouraging the parents to share which modalities they want to implement, educating about the risks and benefits of each modality, and using modalities that are safe, such the use of essential oils to decrease nausea. An herbal remedy should not be substituted for a prescribed medication, but can be used if deemed safe with the prescribed medication. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies does not support the client and family who want to use CAM in the treatment plan. 5. Appropriate interventions for this client and family include encouraging the parents to share which modalities they want to implement, educating about the risks and benefits of each modality, and using modalities that are safe, such the use of essential oils to decrease nausea. An herbal remedy should not be substituted for a prescribed medication, but can be used if deemed safe with the prescribed medication. Discouraging the use of faith-based therapies does not support the client and family who want to use CAM in the treatment plan.

The nurse is assessing the toddler for early childhood caries. The nurse will teach the family which factors contribute to this condition? Select all that apply. 1. Inadequate activity 2. Inadequate dental care 3. Inadequate diet 4. Inadequate brushing 5. Inadequate pacifiers

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Early childhood caries is promoted by inadequate preventive care, which can include diet, brushing, feeding habits, and lack of dental care. ECC is serious because young children with the condition are more likely to have continuing dental problems that can influence speech, cause pain, and delay development. 2. Early childhood caries is promoted by inadequate preventive care, which can include diet, brushing, feeding habits, and lack of dental care. ECC is serious because young children with the condition are more likely to have continuing dental problems that can influence speech, cause pain, and delay development. 3. Early childhood caries is promoted by inadequate preventive care, which can include diet, brushing, feeding habits, and lack of dental care. ECC is serious because young children with the condition are more likely to have continuing dental problems that can influence speech, cause pain, and delay development. 4. Early childhood caries is promoted by inadequate preventive care, which can include diet, brushing, feeding habits, and lack of dental care. ECC is serious because young children with the condition are more likely to have continuing dental problems that can influence speech, cause pain, and delay development. 5. Early childhood caries is promoted by inadequate preventive care, which can include diet, brushing, feeding habits, and lack of dental care. ECC is serious because young children with the condition are more likely to have continuing dental problems that can influence speech, cause pain, and delay development.

In working with parents of children with chronic diseases, the nurse is concerned with helping the parents to protect themselves from compassion fatigue. Which activities are appropriate for the nurse to encourage? Select all that apply. 1. Sleeping more than 9 hours per 24-hour period 2. Exercising 3. Fostering social relationships 4. Developing a hobby 5. Moving away

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Exercising, fostering social relationships, and developing a hobby all contribute to physical, spiritual, social, and mental rest and restoration. Sleeping more than the body requires and moving away are avoidance behaviors that do not address exhaustion from overwhelming caregiving responsibilities. 2. Exercising, fostering social relationships, and developing a hobby all contribute to physical, spiritual, social, and mental rest and restoration. Sleeping more than the body requires and moving away are avoidance behaviors that do not address exhaustion from overwhelming caregiving responsibilities. 3. Exercising, fostering social relationships, and developing a hobby all contribute to physical, spiritual, social, and mental rest and restoration. Sleeping more than the body requires and moving away are avoidance behaviors that do not address exhaustion from overwhelming caregiving responsibilities. 4. Exercising, fostering social relationships, and developing a hobby all contribute to physical, spiritual, social, and mental rest and restoration. Sleeping more than the body requires and moving away are avoidance behaviors that do not address exhaustion from overwhelming caregiving responsibilities. 5. Exercising, fostering social relationships, and developing a hobby all contribute to physical, spiritual, social, and mental rest and restoration. Sleeping more than the body requires and moving away are avoidance behaviors that do not address exhaustion from overwhelming caregiving responsibilities. Page Ref: 258

A nurse is working with pediatric clients in a research facility. The nurse recognizes that federal guidelines are in place that delineate which pediatrics clients must give assent for participation in research trials. Based upon the client's age, the nurse would seek assent from which children? Select all that apply. 1. The precocious 4-year-old commencing as a cystic fibrosis research-study participant. 2. The 7-year-old leukemia client electing to receive a newly developed medication, now being researched. 3. The 10-year-old commencing in an investigative study for clients with precocious puberty. 4. The 13-year-old client commencing participation in a research program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatments.

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Federal guidelines mandate that research participants 7 years old and older must receive developmentally appropriate information about healthcare procedures and treatments and give assent. 2. Federal guidelines mandate that research participants 7 years old and older must receive developmentally appropriate information about healthcare procedures and treatments and give assent. 3. Federal guidelines mandate that research participants 7 years old and older must receive developmentally appropriate information about healthcare procedures and treatments and give assent. 4. Federal guidelines mandate that research participants 7 years old and older must receive developmentally appropriate information about healthcare procedures and treatments and give assent.

The nurse is planning care for an adolescent client who will be hospitalized for several weeks following a traumatic brain injury. Which interventions will enhance family-centered care for this client and family? Select all that apply. 1. Making all ADL decisions for the adolescent and family 2. Asking the adolescent what foods to include during meal time 3. Allowing the family time to pray each day with the adolescent 4. Encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours 5. Leaving all questions for the healthcare provider

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Interventions that will enhance family-centered care for this client and family include asking the adolescent to be an active member of care by making food choices, allowing the family to pray each day with the adolescent, and encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours. These interventions each promote the concepts of family-centered care. Making all decisions for the adolescent and family and leaving all questions for the healthcare provider do not promote the concepts of family-centered care. 2. Interventions that will enhance family-centered care for this client and family include asking the adolescent to be an active member of care by making food choices, allowing the family to pray each day with the adolescent, and encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours. These interventions each promote the concepts of family-centered care. Making all decisions for the adolescent and family and leaving all questions for the healthcare provider do not promote the concepts of family-centered care. 3. Interventions that will enhance family-centered care for this client and family include asking the adolescent to be an active member of care by making food choices, allowing the family to pray each day with the adolescent, and encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours. These interventions each promote the concepts of family-centered care. Making all decisions for the adolescent and family and leaving all questions for the healthcare provider do not promote the concepts of family-centered care. 4. Interventions that will enhance family-centered care for this client and family include asking the adolescent to be an active member of care by making food choices, allowing the family to pray each day with the adolescent, and encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours. These interventions each promote the concepts of family-centered care. Making all decisions for the adolescent and family and leaving all questions for the healthcare provider do not promote the concepts of family-centered care. 5. Interventions that will enhance family-centered care for this client and family include asking the adolescent to be an active member of care by making food choices, allowing the family to pray each day with the adolescent, and encouraging the adolescent's friends to visit during visiting hours. These interventions each promote the concepts of family-centered care. Making all decisions for the adolescent and family and leaving all questions for the healthcare provider do not promote the concepts of family-centered care.

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client with a documented immunodeficiency who is admitted to the general pediatric unit for intravenous medication administration. Which interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Institute droplet precautions. 2. Place in a positive-pressure room. 3. Avoid live vaccines. 4. Perform frequent handwashing. 5. Recommend fresh fruits brought in by the family.

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Pediatric clients with documented immunodeficiency require specific interventions to decrease their risk for developing infections while in the hospital environment. Appropriate interventions for this client include a positive-pressure room, avoiding live vaccines, and meticulous handwashing from staff and visitors. This client would require standard precautions, not droplet precautions. Because of the risk of infection with fresh fruit, the family would not be allowed to bring this to the client during their hospital stay. 2. Pediatric clients with documented immunodeficiency require specific interventions to decrease their risk for developing infections while in the hospital environment. Appropriate interventions for this client include a positive-pressure room, avoiding live vaccines, and meticulous handwashing from staff and visitors. This client would require standard precautions, not droplet precautions. Because of the risk of infection with fresh fruit, the family would not be allowed to bring this to the client during their hospital stay. 3. Pediatric clients with documented immunodeficiency require specific interventions to decrease their risk for developing infections while in the hospital environment. Appropriate interventions for this client include a positive-pressure room, avoiding live vaccines, and meticulous handwashing from staff and visitors. This client would require standard precautions, not droplet precautions. Because of the risk of infection with fresh fruit, the family would not be allowed to bring this to the client during their hospital stay. 4. Pediatric clients with documented immunodeficiency require specific interventions to decrease their risk for developing infections while in the hospital environment. Appropriate interventions for this client include a positive-pressure room, avoiding live vaccines, and meticulous handwashing from staff and visitors. This client would require standard precautions, not droplet precautions. Because of the risk of infection with fresh fruit, the family would not be allowed to bring this to the client during their hospital stay. 5. Pediatric clients with documented immunodeficiency require specific interventions to decrease their risk for developing infections while in the hospital environment. Appropriate interventions for this client include a positive-pressure room, avoiding live vaccines, and meticulous handwashing from staff and visitors. This client would require standard precautions, not droplet precautions. Because of the risk of infection with fresh fruit, the family would not be allowed to bring this to the client during their hospital stay.

The nurse is providing care to an adolescent child who is at risk for developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease. Which teaching points will decrease the adolescent's risk? Select all that apply. 1. Encourage a decrease in smoking. 2. Limit fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of intake. 3. Encourage participation in vigorous exercise for at least 30 minutes. 4. Maintain a normal weight. 5. Include high-fat dairy products in the daily diet

Answer: 2, 3, 4 Explanation: 1. Teaching points that will decrease the adolescent's risk of developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease include: limiting fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total daily intake; encouraging the participation in vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes each day; and maintaining a normal weight. The adolescent and family members should be encouraged to stop smoking, not just to decrease smoking. The family should be educated to include low-fat dairy products in the daily diet. 2. Teaching points that will decrease the adolescent's risk of developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease include: limiting fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total daily intake; encouraging the participation in vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes each day; and maintaining a normal weight. The adolescent and family members should be encouraged to stop smoking, not just to decrease smoking. The family should be educated to include low-fat dairy products in the daily diet. 3. Teaching points that will decrease the adolescent's risk of developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease include: limiting fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total daily intake; encouraging the participation in vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes each day; and maintaining a normal weight. The adolescent and family members should be encouraged to stop smoking, not just to decrease smoking. The family should be educated to include low-fat dairy products in the daily diet. 4. Teaching points that will decrease the adolescent's risk of developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease include: limiting fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total daily intake; encouraging the participation in vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes each day; and maintaining a normal weight. The adolescent and family members should be encouraged to stop smoking, not just to decrease smoking. The family should be educated to include low-fat dairy products in the daily diet. 5. Teaching points that will decrease the adolescent's risk of developing adult-onset cardiovascular disease include: limiting fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total daily intake; encouraging the participation in vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes each day; and maintaining a normal weight. The adolescent and family members should be encouraged to stop smoking, not just to decrease smoking. The family should be educated to include low-fat dairy products in the daily diet.

A nurse working in a pediatric clinic is responsible for monitoring and maintaining the vaccinations on site. Which actions are appropriate for this nurse to implement? Select all that apply. 1. Fluctuate refrigerator and freezer temperatures each day. 2. Store vaccines in the center of the unit. 3. Check and record the temperature of the unit twice each day. 4. Have a plan for power outages. 5. Place bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent.

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Appropriate interventions for the nurse to implement in order to maintain the potency of vaccines include storing the vaccines in the center of the unit, checking and recording the temperature of the storage unit twice a day, having a plan for power outages, and placing bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent. The temperature of the refrigerator and freezer should be consistent and not fluctuate. 2. Appropriate interventions for the nurse to implement in order to maintain the potency of vaccines include storing the vaccines in the center of the unit, checking and recording the temperature of the storage unit twice a day, having a plan for power outages, and placing bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent. The temperature of the refrigerator and freezer should be consistent and not fluctuate. 3. Appropriate interventions for the nurse to implement in order to maintain the potency of vaccines include storing the vaccines in the center of the unit, checking and recording the temperature of the storage unit twice a day, having a plan for power outages, and placing bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent. The temperature of the refrigerator and freezer should be consistent and not fluctuate. 4. Appropriate interventions for the nurse to implement in order to maintain the potency of vaccines include storing the vaccines in the center of the unit, checking and recording the temperature of the storage unit twice a day, having a plan for power outages, and placing bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent. The temperature of the refrigerator and freezer should be consistent and not fluctuate. 5. Appropriate interventions for the nurse to implement in order to maintain the potency of vaccines include storing the vaccines in the center of the unit, checking and recording the temperature of the storage unit twice a day, having a plan for power outages, and placing bottles of water in each unit to help keep temperatures consistent. The temperature of the refrigerator and freezer should be consistent and not fluctuate

The child and family come to the clinic requesting information about causes of cardiac defects. The father has high incidence of cardiac defects in his family, and the child is frequently cyanotic around the lips. What causes should the nurse tell the family about? Select all that apply. 1. Decreased maternal age 2. Chromosomal abnormalities 3. Fetal exposure to maternal drugs 4. Maternal viral infections 5. Maternal metabolic disorders

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Cardiac defects may result from fetal exposure to maternal drugs, increased maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, and multifactorial genetic factors. 2. Cardiac defects may result from fetal exposure to maternal drugs, increased maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, and multifactorial genetic factors. 3. Cardiac defects may result from fetal exposure to maternal drugs, increased maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, and multifactorial genetic factors. 4. Cardiac defects may result from fetal exposure to maternal drugs, increased maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, and multifactorial genetic factors. 5. Cardiac defects may result from fetal exposure to maternal drugs, increased maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal viral infections, maternal metabolic disorders, and multifactorial genetic factors.

The nurse is preparing to discharge an infant with a congenital heart defect. The infant will be cared for at home by the parents until surgery. Which items will the nurse include in the discharge teaching for this infant and family? Select all that apply. 1. Allow the infant to feed for 60 minutes. 2. Hold the infant at a 45-degree angle. 3. Encourage frequent hand hygiene. 4. Notify the health care provider for fever. 5. Pump the breasts and feed with a bottle if weight gain is an issue.

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Children are often managed at home until surgery. The parents should hold the infant at a 45-degree angle to decrease tachypnea. The parents should also encourage frequent hand hygiene to decrease the risk of infection. It is important to notify the health care provider for a fever, as the infant will be at risk for dehydration and digoxin toxicity. If the mother is breastfeeding and the infant is losing weight, the mother should be encouraged to pump the milk and feed the infant from a bottle, but each feeding should be limited to 30 minutes. Tube feedings may be needed for this infant to conserve calories expenditure. 2. Children are often managed at home until surgery. The parents should hold the infant at a 45-degree angle to decrease tachypnea. The parents should also encourage frequent hand hygiene to decrease the risk of infection. It is important to notify the health care provider for a fever, as the infant will be at risk for dehydration and digoxin toxicity. If the mother is breastfeeding and the infant is losing weight, the mother should be encouraged to pump the milk and feed the infant from a bottle, but each feeding should be limited to 30 minutes. Tube feedings may be needed for this infant to conserve calories expenditure. 3. Children are often managed at home until surgery. The parents should hold the infant at a 45-degree angle to decrease tachypnea. The parents should also encourage frequent hand hygiene to decrease the risk of infection. It is important to notify the health care provider for a fever, as the infant will be at risk for dehydration and digoxin toxicity. If the mother is breastfeeding and the infant is losing weight, the mother should be encouraged to pump the milk and feed the infant from a bottle, but each feeding should be limited to 30 minutes. Tube feedings may be needed for this infant to conserve calories expenditure. 4. Children are often managed at home until surgery. The parents should hold the infant at a 45-degree angle to decrease tachypnea. The parents should also encourage frequent hand hygiene to decrease the risk of infection. It is important to notify the health care provider for a fever, as the infant will be at risk for dehydration and digoxin toxicity. If the mother is breastfeeding and the infant is losing weight, the mother should be encouraged to pump the milk and feed the infant from a bottle, but each feeding should be limited to 30 minutes. Tube feedings may be needed for this infant to conserve calories expenditure. 5. Children are often managed at home until surgery. The parents should hold the infant at a 45-degree angle to decrease tachypnea. The parents should also encourage frequent hand hygiene to decrease the risk of infection. It is important to notify the health care provider for a fever, as the infant will be at risk for dehydration and digoxin toxicity. If the mother is breastfeeding and the infant is losing weight, the mother should be encouraged to pump the milk and feed the infant from a bottle, but each feeding should be limited to 30 minutes. Tube feedings may be needed for this infant to conserve calories expenditure.

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infant care. Under which circumstances should the nurse emphasize that parents should call their healthcare provider immediately? Select all that apply. 1. Child 4 months old, received a DTaP immunization yesterday, and has a temperature of 38.0°C (100.4°F) 2. Child under 3 months old and has a temperature over 40.1°C (104.2°F) 3. Child difficult to awaken and has a pulsing fontanel 4. Child has purple spots on the skin and is lethargic. 5. Child has a stiff neck and has been irritable for three days

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Infants under 3 months of age have limited ability to develop antibodies to fight infection, and a fever as high as 40.1°C indicates a serious infection. Difficulty to awaken and a pulsing fontanel, purple spots on the skin and lethargy, a stiff neck and irritability for 3 days in infants and children of any age may indicate meningitis. A mild fever of 38.0°C (100.4°F) in the 4-month-old who received a DTaP immunization yesterday is incorrect because the mild fever is expected as the body develops antibodies in response to antigens in the immunization. 2. Infants under 3 months of age have limited ability to develop antibodies to fight infection, and a fever as high as 40.1°C indicates a serious infection. Difficulty to awaken and a pulsing fontanel, purple spots on the skin and lethargy, a stiff neck and irritability for 3 days in infants and children of any age may indicate meningitis. A mild fever of 38.0°C (100.4°F) in the 4-month-old who received a DTaP immunization yesterday is incorrect because the mild fever is expected as the body develops antibodies in response to antigens in the immunization. 3. Infants under 3 months of age have limited ability to develop antibodies to fight infection, and a fever as high as 40.1°C indicates a serious infection. Difficulty to awaken and a pulsing fontanel, purple spots on the skin and lethargy, a stiff neck and irritability for 3 days in infants and children of any age may indicate meningitis. A mild fever of 38.0°C (100.4°F) in the 4-month-old who received a DTaP immunization yesterday is incorrect because the mild fever is expected as the body develops antibodies in response to antigens in the immunization. 4. Infants under 3 months of age have limited ability to develop antibodies to fight infection, and a fever as high as 40.1°C indicates a serious infection. Difficulty to awaken and a pulsing fontanel, purple spots on the skin and lethargy, a stiff neck and irritability for 3 days in infants and children of any age may indicate meningitis. A mild fever of 38.0°C (100.4°F) in the 4-month-old who received a DTaP immunization yesterday is incorrect because the mild fever is expected as the body develops antibodies in response to antigens in the immunization. 5. Infants under 3 months of age have limited ability to develop antibodies to fight infection, and a fever as high as 40.1°C indicates a serious infection. Difficulty to awaken and a pulsing fontanel, purple spots on the skin and lethargy, a stiff neck and irritability for 3 days in infants and children of any age may indicate meningitis. A mild fever of 38.0°C (100.4°F) in the 4-month-old who received a DTaP immunization yesterday is incorrect because the mild fever is expected as the body develops antibodies in response to antigens in the immunization.

When completing a pedigree, which factors should be included? Select all that apply. 1. Full siblings only 2. Begin with the proband 3. Mark each generation with a Roman numeral 4. Include at least three generations 5. Use only standard pedigree symbols

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. It is important to include half-siblings in addition to full siblings, as half-siblings have half the genetic history that the full siblings do. The other answers are all important to include in a pedigree. 2. It is important to include half-siblings in addition to full siblings, as half-siblings have half the genetic history that the full siblings do. The other answers are all important to include in a pedigree. 3. It is important to include half-siblings in addition to full siblings, as half-siblings have half the genetic history that the full siblings do. The other answers are all important to include in a pedigree. 4. It is important to include half-siblings in addition to full siblings, as half-siblings have half the genetic history that the full siblings do. The other answers are all important to include in a pedigree. 5. It is important to include half-siblings in addition to full siblings, as half-siblings have half the genetic history that the full siblings do. The other answers are all important to include in a pedigree.

Which of these developmental milestones should the nurse expect to find in children who are between 2 and 3 years old? Select all that apply. 1. Always feeds self 2. Scribbles and draws on paper 3. Kicks a ball 4. Throws ball overhand 5. Goes up and down stairs

Answer: 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years can scribble and draw on paper, kick a ball, and go up and down the stairs. Children who are between the ages of 3 and 4 years can feed themselves. Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years can throw a ball overhand. 2. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years can scribble and draw on paper, kick a ball, and go up and down the stairs. Children who are between the ages of 3 and 4 years can feed themselves. Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years can throw a ball overhand. 3. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years can scribble and draw on paper, kick a ball, and go up and down the stairs. Children who are between the ages of 3 and 4 years can feed themselves. Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years can throw a ball overhand. 4. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years can scribble and draw on paper, kick a ball, and go up and down the stairs. Children who are between the ages of 3 and 4 years can feed themselves. Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years can throw a ball overhand. 5. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 years can scribble and draw on paper, kick a ball, and go up and down the stairs. Children who are between the ages of 3 and 4 years can feed themselves. Children between the ages of 4 and 5 years can throw a ball overhand.

A nurse and the family of an 8-year-old with acute renal failure are reviewing family strengths helpful in managing stressors. Which family strengths should the nurse recommend this family utilize? Select all that apply. 1. Meeting member needs 2. Support by extended family 3. Effective communication 4. Receiving and giving love 5. Prior life experiences

Answer: 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Meeting member needs is one of the roles of a family. Strengths that enable families to develop and adapt to stressors include: education, prior experiences, finances, effective communication, collaborative problem solving, emotional awareness, emotional stability and developing shared meaning about the experience. 2. Support by extended family is one of the family strengths. 3. Effective communication is one of the family strengths. 4. Receiving and giving love is one of the roles of a family. Strengths that enable families to develop and adapt to stressors include: education, prior experiences, finances, effective communication, collaborative problem solving, emotional awareness, emotional stability and developing shared meaning about the experience. 5. Prior life experiences are one of the family strengths

The nurse is caring for the adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What nursing diagnoses would the nurse address? Select all that apply. 1. Activity intolerance 2. Risk for impaired skin integrity 3. Body image disturbed 4. Ineffective breathing pattern 5. Risk for infection

Answer: 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Nursing diagnoses that may apply to the adolescent with SLE are: risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, risk for infection, acute pain, and ineffective family therapeutic regimen management. 2. Nursing diagnoses that may apply to the adolescent with SLE are: risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, risk for infection, acute pain, and ineffective family therapeutic regimen management. 3. Nursing diagnoses that may apply to the adolescent with SLE are: risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, risk for infection, acute pain, and ineffective family therapeutic regimen management. 4. Nursing diagnoses that may apply to the adolescent with SLE are: risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, risk for infection, acute pain, and ineffective family therapeutic regimen management. 5. Nursing diagnoses that may apply to the adolescent with SLE are: risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for activity intolerance, disturbed body image, risk for infection, acute pain, and ineffective family therapeutic regimen management

The nurse educator is preparing an in-service for new RNs hired on a general pediatric unit regarding normal fluid and electrolyte status for children at various ages. Which statements will the educator include about normal fluid and electrolyte status of an infant? Select all that apply. 1. The infant has 75 percent total body water. 2. The extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant. 3. A high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant. 4. The infant's kidneys are mature and able to conserve water and electrolytes. 5. The infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss

Answer: 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. The nurse educator would include the following statements in the in-service: the extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant; a high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant; and the infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss. All of these statements are true and accurate. The newborn, not the infant, has 75 percent total body water. All clients under the age of two years have immature kidney and are unable to conserve water and electrolytes. 2. The nurse educator would include the following statements in the in-service: the extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant; a high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant; and the infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss. All of these statements are true and accurate. The newborn, not the infant, has 75 percent total body water. All clients under the age of two years have immature kidney and are unable to conserve water and electrolytes. 3. The nurse educator would include the following statements in the in-service: the extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant; a high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant; and the infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss. All of these statements are true and accurate. The newborn, not the infant, has 75 percent total body water. All clients under the age of two years have immature kidney and are unable to conserve water and electrolytes. 4. The nurse educator would include the following statements in the in-service: the extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant; a high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant; and the infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss. All of these statements are true and accurate. The newborn, not the infant, has 75 percent total body water. All clients under the age of two years have immature kidney and are unable to conserve water and electrolytes. 5. The nurse educator would include the following statements in the in-service: the extracellular fluid accounts for 25 percent of total body water in the infant; a high metabolic rate requires generous fluid intake for the infant; and the infant's high body surface area promotes fluid loss. All of these statements are true and accurate. The newborn, not the infant, has 75 percent total body water. All clients under the age of two years have immature kidney and are unable to conserve water and electrolytes.

The nurse is assessing a school-age child's extraocular movements. The nurse recognizes which cranial nerves that involve testing extraocular movements? Select all that apply. 1. VII 2. III 3. IV 4. XII 5. VI

Answer: 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. VII is the facial nerve and is not involved in testing extraocular movements. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI dominate eye movements and pupil constriction. Cranial nerve VII dominates the person's ability to smile and frown and cranial nerve XII dominates tongue movements. 2. III is the nerve and is involved in testing extraocular movements. 3. IV is the nerve and is involved in testing extraocular movements. 4. XII is the hypoglossal nerve and is not involved in testing extraocular movements. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI dominate eye movements and pupil constriction. Cranial nerve VII dominates the person's ability to smile and frown and cranial nerve XII dominates tongue movements. 5. VI is the nerve and is involved in testing extraocular movements.

A nurse from a pediatric clinic performs assignments and counsels parents. Which families should the nurse refer for genetic counseling? Select all that apply. 1. Female with hypoactive thyroid disease 2. Couple with multiple stillbirths 3. Couple with family history of heart disease 4. Couple with three years of infertility 5. Child born with ophthalmia neonatorum

Answer: 2, 4 Explanation: 1. A female with hypoactive thyroid disease should not be referred for genetic counseling. 2. A couple with multiple stillbirths should be referred for genetic counseling. 3. A couple with family history of heart disease should not be referred for genetic counseling. 4. The couple with three years of infertility should be referred for genetic counseling. 5. The family with a child born with a child born with ophthalmia neonatorum should not be referred for genetic counseling

The nurse is preparing to assess a toddler client. Which activities would gain cooperation from the toddler? Select all that apply. 1. Asking the parents to wait outside 2. Allowing the client to sit in the parent's lap 3. Administering vaccinations prior to the assessment 4. Handing the client a stethoscope while taking the health history 5. Making a game out of the assessment process

Answer: 2, 4 Explanation: 1. Allowing the client to stay on the parents lap and allowing the client to play with instruments that will be used in the assessment process are activities the nurse can implement to gain the toddler's cooperation during the assessment process. Asking the parents to wait outside may cause the toddler to become fearful. Vaccinations should be administered at the end of the visit. While making a game out of the assessment process may be appropriate for older children, this is not an appropriate strategy for a toddler client. 2. Allowing the client to stay on the parents lap and allowing the client to play with instruments that will be used in the assessment process are activities the nurse can implement to gain the toddler's cooperation during the assessment process. Asking the parents to wait outside may cause the toddler to become fearful. Vaccinations should be administered at the end of the visit. While making a game out of the assessment process may be appropriate for older children, this is not an appropriate strategy for a toddler client. 3. Allowing the client to stay on the parents lap and allowing the client to play with instruments that will be used in the assessment process are activities the nurse can implement to gain the toddler's cooperation during the assessment process. Asking the parents to wait outside may cause the toddler to become fearful. Vaccinations should be administered at the end of the visit. While making a game out of the assessment process may be appropriate for older children, this is not an appropriate strategy for a toddler client. 4. Allowing the client to stay on the parents lap and allowing the client to play with instruments that will be used in the assessment process are activities the nurse can implement to gain the toddler's cooperation during the assessment process. Asking the parents to wait outside may cause the toddler to become fearful. Vaccinations should be administered at the end of the visit. While making a game out of the assessment process may be appropriate for older children, this is not an appropriate strategy for a toddler client. 5. Allowing the client to stay on the parents lap and allowing the client to play with instruments that will be used in the assessment process are activities the nurse can implement to gain the toddler's cooperation during the assessment process. Asking the parents to wait outside may cause the toddler to become fearful. Vaccinations should be administered at the end of the visit. While making a game out of the assessment process may be appropriate for older children, this is not an appropriate strategy for a toddler client.

The nurse is teaching the mothers of three-month-olds about oral health. Which of the following should the nurse include? Select all that apply. 1. Include iron vitamins once a day. 2. Avoid breastfeeding or drinking from a bottle when sleeping. 3. Allow to drink from a bottle at will during the day. 4. Cleanse gums 1 to 2 times a day. 5. Put baby to bed with a bottle of 2 percent milk only.

Answer: 2, 4 Explanation: 1. The parents should wipe the infant's gums with soft moist gauze once or twice daily. Families are also cautioned to avoid having the infant breastfeed when sleeping, to avoid use of bottles in bed, and not to allow the infant to drink at will from a bottle during the day. These practices are linked to early childhood caries and can lead to tooth decay. 2. The parents should wipe the infant's gums with soft moist gauze once or twice daily. Families are also cautioned to avoid having the infant breastfeed when sleeping, to avoid use of bottles in bed, and not to allow the infant to drink at will from a bottle during the day. These practices are linked to early childhood caries and can lead to tooth decay. 3. The parents should wipe the infant's gums with soft moist gauze once or twice daily. Families are also cautioned to avoid having the infant breastfeed when sleeping, to avoid use of bottles in bed, and not to allow the infant to drink at will from a bottle during the day. These practices are linked to early childhood caries and can lead to tooth decay. 4. The parents should wipe the infant's gums with soft moist gauze once or twice daily. Families are also cautioned to avoid having the infant breastfeed when sleeping, to avoid use of bottles in bed, and not to allow the infant to drink at will from a bottle during the day. These practices are linked to early childhood caries and can lead to tooth decay. 5. The parents should wipe the infant's gums with soft moist gauze once or twice daily. Families are also cautioned to avoid having the infant breastfeed when sleeping, to avoid use of bottles in bed, and not to allow the infant to drink at will from a bottle during the day. These practices are linked to early childhood caries and can lead to tooth decay.

Which health promotion activities can the nurse recommend to the parents of a preschool-age child in order to enhance the child's self-concept? Select all that apply. 1. Encourage a play date with a school-age child. 2. Praise the child for staying dry at night. 3. Tell the child there will be a punishment for bathroom accidents. 4. Set aside time for the child each day. 5. Discuss appropriate activities to engage in with the daycare provider.

Answer: 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Health promotion activities focus on development of a healthy self-concept in the toddler and young child by helping parents to set up successful play experiences, to praise the child for successes, to use effective limit-setting techniques, and to realize and appreciate the child's unique characteristics. Health maintenance seeks to avoid the poor self-image that can occur with constant criticism or expectations not in alignment with the toddler's or preschooler's developmental capabilities. 2. Health promotion activities focus on development of a healthy self-concept in the toddler and young child by helping parents to set up successful play experiences, to praise the child for successes, to use effective limit-setting techniques, and to realize and appreciate the child's unique characteristics. Health maintenance seeks to avoid the poor self-image that can occur with constant criticism or expectations not in alignment with the toddler's or preschooler's developmental capabilities. 3. Health promotion activities focus on development of a healthy self-concept in the toddler and young child by helping parents to set up successful play experiences, to praise the child for successes, to use effective limit-setting techniques, and to realize and appreciate the child's unique characteristics. Health maintenance seeks to avoid the poor self-image that can occur with constant criticism or expectations not in alignment with the toddler's or preschooler's developmental capabilities. 4. Health promotion activities focus on development of a healthy self-concept in the toddler and young child by helping parents to set up successful play experiences, to praise the child for successes, to use effective limit-setting techniques, and to realize and appreciate the child's unique characteristics. Health maintenance seeks to avoid the poor self-image that can occur with constant criticism or expectations not in alignment with the toddler's or preschooler's developmental capabilities. 5. Health promotion activities focus on development of a healthy self-concept in the toddler and young child by helping parents to set up successful play experiences, to praise the child for successes, to use effective limit-setting techniques, and to realize and appreciate the child's unique characteristics. Health maintenance seeks to avoid the poor self-image that can occur with constant criticism or expectations not in alignment with the toddler's or preschooler's developmental capabilities.

Which nursing interventions would be best for the nursing diagnosis of Powerlessness Related to Relinquishing Control to the Healthcare Team? Select all that apply. 1. Provide a primary nursing care model. 2. Prepare the child in advance for procedures. 3. Provide optimal pain relief. 4. Explain procedures in developmentally appropriate terms. 5. Incorporate home rituals when possible.

Answer: 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Preparation in advance—and in terms that are developmentally appropriate—and incorporating home rituals provide some degree of control, and might reduce the feeling of powerlessness. Providing a primary nursing care model will help decrease anxiety, and providing pain relief will decrease pain. 2. Preparation in advance—and in terms that are developmentally appropriate—and incorporating home rituals provide some degree of control, and might reduce the feeling of powerlessness. Providing a primary nursing care model will help decrease anxiety, and providing pain relief will decrease pain. 3. Preparation in advance—and in terms that are developmentally appropriate—and incorporating home rituals provide some degree of control, and might reduce the feeling of powerlessness. Providing a primary nursing care model will help decrease anxiety, and providing pain relief will decrease pain. 4. Preparation in advance—and in terms that are developmentally appropriate—and incorporating home rituals provide some degree of control, and might reduce the feeling of powerlessness. Providing a primary nursing care model will help decrease anxiety, and providing pain relief will decrease pain. 5. Preparation in advance—and in terms that are developmentally appropriate—and incorporating home rituals provide some degree of control, and might reduce the feeling of powerlessness. Providing a primary nursing care model will help decrease anxiety, and providing pain relief will decrease pain.

What are some common health problems associated with the poor and/or homeless child? Select all that apply. 1. Asthma 2. Sexually transmitted infections 3. Good dentition 4. Mental illness 5. Tuberculosis

Answer: 2, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. This is not a common health problem in children who are poor and/or homeless. Common health problems among children who are poor and/or homeless include: lack of immunizations, common infectious diseases, sleep deficits, vision and hearing deficits, nutritional deficits, dental care problems, injuries, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental illness. 2. This is a common health problem in children who are poor and/or homeless. Common health problems among children who are poor and/or homeless include: lack of immunizations, common infectious diseases, sleep deficits, vision and hearing deficits, nutritional deficits, dental care problems, injuries, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental illness. 3. This is not a common health problem in children who are poor and/or homeless. Common health problems among children who are poor and/or homeless include: lack of immunizations, common infectious diseases, sleep deficits, vision and hearing deficits, nutritional deficits, dental care problems, injuries, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental illness. 4. This is a common health problem in children who are poor and/or homeless. Common health problems among children who are poor and/or homeless include: lack of immunizations, common infectious diseases, sleep deficits, vision and hearing deficits, nutritional deficits, dental care problems, injuries, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental illness. 5. This is a common health problem in children who are poor and/or homeless. Common health problems among children who are poor and/or homeless include: lack of immunizations, common infectious diseases, sleep deficits, vision and hearing deficits, nutritional deficits, dental care problems, injuries, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental illness.

A child with hives weighing 40 pounds is prescribed diphenhydramine (Benadryl), 5 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. How many milligrams should the nurse give for each dose?

Answer: 22.75 mg/dose Explanation: Convert 40 pounds to kilograms (18.18) multiply by 5 mg = 90.9 divided by 4 doses = 22.75 mg/dose

The nurse is taking a health history from a family of a 3-year-old child. Which statement by the nurse would most likely establish rapport and elicit an accurate response from the family? 1. "Does any member of your family have a history of asthma, heart disease, or diabetes?" 2. "Hello, I would like to talk with you and get some information on you and your child." 3. "Tell me about the concerns that brought you to the clinic today." 4. "You will need to fill out these forms; make sure that the information is as complete as possible."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Asking the parents to talk about their concerns is an open-ended question and one which is more likely to establish rapport and an understanding of the parent's perceptions. Giving the family a list of items to answer at once may be confusing to the parents. Giving an introduction before asking the parents for information is likely to establish rapport, but giving an explanation of why the information would be needed would be even more effective at establishing rapport and also for getting more accurate, pertinent information. Simply asking the parents to fill out forms is very impersonal, and more information is likely to be obtained and clarified if the nurse is directing the interview. Asking the parents to talk about their concerns is an open-ended question and one which is more likely to establish rapport and an understanding of the parent's perceptions. Giving the family a list of items to answer at once may be confusing to the parents. Giving an introduction before asking the parents for information is likely to establish rapport, but giving an explanation of why the information would be needed would be even more effective at establishing rapport and also for getting more accurate, pertinent information. Simply asking the parents to fill out forms is very impersonal, and more information is likely to be obtained and clarified if the nurse is directing the interview. 3. Asking the parents to talk about their concerns is an open-ended question and one which is more likely to establish rapport and an understanding of the parent's perceptions. Giving the family a list of items to answer at once may be confusing to the parents. Giving an introduction before asking the parents for information is likely to establish rapport, but giving an explanation of why the information would be needed would be even more effective at establishing rapport and also for getting more accurate, pertinent information. Simply asking the parents to fill out forms is very impersonal, and more information is likely to be obtained and clarified if the nurse is directing the interview. 4. Asking the parents to talk about their concerns is an open-ended question and one which is more likely to establish rapport and an understanding of the parent's perceptions. Giving the family a list of items to answer at once may be confusing to the parents. Giving an introduction before asking the parents for information is likely to establish rapport, but giving an explanation of why the information would be needed would be even more effective at establishing rapport and also for getting more accurate, pertinent information. Simply asking the parents to fill out forms is very impersonal, and more information is likely to be obtained and clarified if the nurse is directing the interview.

In counseling an adolescent female about safe sex practices, which question is the most appropriate for the nurse to ask? 1. "Do you and your boyfriend use a condom every time you have sex?" 2. "Do you have a boyfriend, and if so, are you sexually active?" 3. "Do you have one or more sexual partners?" 4. "Have you and your boyfriend ever had unprotected sex?"

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. "Do you have one or more sexual partners?" provides the adolescent an opportunity to discuss sexual practices in a homosexual or alternative relationship if this applies to her. All of the other questions assume that the adolescent is involved in heterosexual relationships. 2. "Do you have one or more sexual partners?" provides the adolescent an opportunity to discuss sexual practices in a homosexual or alternative relationship if this applies to her. All of the other questions assume that the adolescent is involved in heterosexual relationships. 3. "Do you have one or more sexual partners?" provides the adolescent an opportunity to discuss sexual practices in a homosexual or alternative relationship if this applies to her. All of the other questions assume that the adolescent is involved in heterosexual relationships. 4. "Do you have one or more sexual partners?" provides the adolescent an opportunity to discuss sexual practices in a homosexual or alternative relationship if this applies to her. All of the other questions assume that the adolescent is involved in heterosexual relationships

The parents of a 1-year-old infant are concerned that this baby seems more shy and scared of new situations than their other child and ask the nurse if this is normal. The nurse knows that the infant is exhibiting a characteristic of the "slow-to-warm-up." Which statement to the parents is most appropriate by the nurse? 1. "Your infant is showing a regularity in patterns of eating." 2. "Your infant displays a predominately negative mood." 3. "Your infant initially reacts to new situations by withdrawing." 4. "Your infant has intense reactions to the environment."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. "Slow-to-warm-up" children adapt slowly to new situations and initially will withdraw. Showing regularity in patterns of eating is a characteristic of an "easy" child, and displaying a predominately negative mood and commonly having intense reactions to the environment are characteristics of "difficult" children. 2. "Slow-to-warm-up" children adapt slowly to new situations and initially will withdraw. Showing regularity in patterns of eating is a characteristic of an "easy" child, and displaying a predominately negative mood and commonly having intense reactions to the environment are characteristics of "difficult" children. 3. "Slow-to-warm-up" children adapt slowly to new situations and initially will withdraw. Showing regularity in patterns of eating is a characteristic of an "easy" child, and displaying a predominately negative mood and commonly having intense reactions to the environment are characteristics of "difficult" children. 4. "Slow-to-warm-up" children adapt slowly to new situations and initially will withdraw. Showing regularity in patterns of eating is a characteristic of an "easy" child, and displaying a predominately negative mood and commonly having intense reactions to the environment are characteristics of "difficult" children.

The nurse needs to administer a medication to a preschool-age child. The medication is only available in tablet form. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Place the tablet on the child's tongue and give the child a drink of water. 2. Break the tablet in small pieces and ask the child to swallow the pieces one by one. 3. Crush the tablet and mix it in a teaspoon of applesauce. 4. Crush the table and mix it in a cup of juice.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A 4-year-old is not mature enough to swallow a pill or pieces of a pill. The medication should be crushed and mixed with a very small amount of food, not juice. 2. A 4-year-old is not mature enough to swallow a pill or pieces of a pill. The medication should be crushed and mixed with a very small amount of food, not juice. 3. A 4-year-old is not mature enough to swallow a pill or pieces of a pill. The medication should be crushed and mixed with a very small amount of food, not juice. 4. A 4-year-old is not mature enough to swallow a pill or pieces of a pill. The medication should be crushed and mixed with a very small amount of food, not juice.

The school nurse is preparing a plan of care specific to several children in the school who have asthma. What is the initial action on the plan of care? 1. Call 911 to request emergency medical assistance. 2. Call the child's parents to come and pick up the child. 3. Have the child use his or her metered-dose inhaler. 4. Have the child lie down to see if the symptoms subside.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A child with a history of asthma may have episodes of wheezing that can be controlled by prompt use of the child's rescue inhaler. An inhaler should be readily available in the school setting for a child previously diagnosed with asthma. This should be tried first. Emergency personnel should be notified if the inhaler does not provide relief and the child is in respiratory distress. Parents may be notified if the child does not feel well, but this is not the initial action. Having the child lie down will likely worsen his condition. 2. A child with a history of asthma may have episodes of wheezing that can be controlled by prompt use of the child's rescue inhaler. An inhaler should be readily available in the school setting for a child previously diagnosed with asthma. This should be tried first. Emergency personnel should be notified if the inhaler does not provide relief and the child is in respiratory distress. Parents may be notified if the child does not feel well, but this is not the initial action. Having the child lie down will likely worsen his condition. 3. A child with a history of asthma may have episodes of wheezing that can be controlled by prompt use of the child's rescue inhaler. An inhaler should be readily available in the school setting for a child previously diagnosed with asthma. This should be tried first. Emergency personnel should be notified if the inhaler does not provide relief and the child is in respiratory distress. Parents may be notified if the child does not feel well, but this is not the initial action. Having the child lie down will likely worsen his condition. 4. A child with a history of asthma may have episodes of wheezing that can be controlled by prompt use of the child's rescue inhaler. An inhaler should be readily available in the school setting for a child previously diagnosed with asthma. This should be tried first. Emergency personnel should be notified if the inhaler does not provide relief and the child is in respiratory distress. Parents may be notified if the child does not feel well, but this is not the initial action. Having the child lie down will likely worsen his condition.

The nurse is providing care to a preschool-age client who is diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In planning the client's care, which vaccine is inappropriate for the client to receive? 1. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) 2. Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB conjugate vaccine) 3. Varicella vaccine 4. Hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B)

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A child with an immune disorder should not be immunized with a live varicella vaccine because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations are not live vaccines and should be given on schedule. 2. A child with an immune disorder should not be immunized with a live varicella vaccine because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations are not live vaccines and should be given on schedule. 3. A child with an immune disorder should not be immunized with a live varicella vaccine because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations are not live vaccines and should be given on schedule. 4. A child with an immune disorder should not be immunized with a live varicella vaccine because of the risk of contracting the disease. DTaP, HIB, and hepatitis B vaccinations are not live vaccines and should be given on schedule.

Which client in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) would most benefit from palliative care? 1. A child with end-stage leukemia 2. A child with a broken arm after a motor vehicle accident 3. A child with burn injuries to the legs 4. A child with recurrent asthma

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A child with burn injuries to the legs will benefit most from palliative care to help control pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and so on. The child with end-stage leukemia will benefit from hospice care. The child with a broken arm or recurrent asthma will not need palliative care. 2. A child with burn injuries to the legs will benefit most from palliative care to help control pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and so on. The child with end-stage leukemia will benefit from hospice care. The child with a broken arm or recurrent asthma will not need palliative care. 3. A child with burn injuries to the legs will benefit most from palliative care to help control pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and so on. The child with end-stage leukemia will benefit from hospice care. The child with a broken arm or recurrent asthma will not need palliative care. 4. A child with burn injuries to the legs will benefit most from palliative care to help control pain, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and so on. The child with end-stage leukemia will benefit from hospice care. The child with a broken arm or recurrent asthma will not need palliative care.

Which athletic activity can the nurse recommend for a school-age client with pulmonary-artery hypertension? 1. Cross-country running 2. Soccer 3. Golf 4. Basketball

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A child with pulmonary-artery hypertension should have exercise tailored to avoid dyspnea. Golf would require less exertion than soccer, basketball, or cross-country running. 2. A child with pulmonary-artery hypertension should have exercise tailored to avoid dyspnea. Golf would require less exertion than soccer, basketball, or cross-country running. 3. A child with pulmonary-artery hypertension should have exercise tailored to avoid dyspnea. Golf would require less exertion than soccer, basketball, or cross-country running. 4. A child with pulmonary-artery hypertension should have exercise tailored to avoid dyspnea. Golf would require less exertion than soccer, basketball, or cross-country running

A father is a known carrier of an X-linked condition, and asks when he will know whether his newborn son has the condition he carries. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Genetic studies have been ordered, and they will take about a week to determine the results." 2. "We plan to run additional tests this afternoon, and should have results by the end of the day." 3. "Your son cannot have the condition because the condition is X-linked and cannot be passed on to him." 4. "There is a 50 percent chance you passed it on, but further tests are not recommended until he is a month old."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. A male child does not inherit any X chromosome from the father; therefore, the male child will not have the condition. 2. A male child does not inherit any X chromosome from the father; therefore, the male child will not have the condition. 3. A male child does not inherit any X chromosome from the father; therefore, the male child will not have the condition. 4. A male child does not inherit any X chromosome from the father; therefore, the male child will not have the condition.

A child is prescribed rifampicin for treatment of tuberculosis. For which length of time will the nurse tell the parents that this child must remain on the medication? 1. 2 months 2. 4 months 3. 6 months 4. 8 months

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Active and latent TB are treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Therapy for active TB usually involves a 6-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first 2 months and isoniazid and rifampicin for the remaining 4 months. Therefore, the child will remain on rifampicin for a total of 6 months. 2. Active and latent TB are treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Therapy for active TB usually involves a 6-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first 2 months and isoniazid and rifampicin for the remaining 4 months. Therefore, the child will remain on rifampicin for a total of 6 months. 3. Active and latent TB are treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Therapy for active TB usually involves a 6-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first 2 months and isoniazid and rifampicin for the remaining 4 months. Therefore, the child will remain on rifampicin for a total of 6 months. 4. Active and latent TB are treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Therapy for active TB usually involves a 6-month regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first 2 months and isoniazid and rifampicin for the remaining 4 months. Therefore, the child will remain on rifampicin for a total of 6 months

A 12-year-old child is admitted to the unit for a surgical procedure. The child is accompanied by two parents and a younger sibling. What is the level of involvement in treatment decision making for this child? 1. Emancipated minor 2. Mature minor 3. Assent 4. None

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Assent requires the ability to generally understand what procedure and treatments are planned, to understand what participation is required, and to make a statement of agreement or disagreement with the plan. Usually, in Piaget's stage of formal operations, 11- to 13-year-olds should be able to problem solve using abstract concepts and are able to give valid assent when parents sign the informed consent. An emancipated minor is a self-supporting adolescent who is not subject to the control of a parent or guardian. A mature minor is a 14- or 15-year-old whom the state law designates as being able to understand medical risks and who is thus permitted to give informed consent for treatment. 2. Assent requires the ability to generally understand what procedure and treatments are planned, to understand what participation is required, and to make a statement of agreement or disagreement with the plan. Usually, in Piaget's stage of formal operations, 11- to 13-year-olds should be able to problem solve using abstract concepts and are able to give valid assent when parents sign the informed consent. An emancipated minor is a self-supporting adolescent who is not subject to the control of a parent or guardian. A mature minor is a 14- or 15-year-old whom the state law designates as being able to understand medical risks and who is thus permitted to give informed consent for treatment. 3. Assent requires the ability to generally understand what procedure and treatments are planned, to understand what participation is required, and to make a statement of agreement or disagreement with the plan. Usually, in Piaget's stage of formal operations, 11- to 13-year-olds should be able to problem solve using abstract concepts and are able to give valid assent when parents sign the informed consent. An emancipated minor is a self-supporting adolescent who is not subject to the control of a parent or guardian. A mature minor is a 14- or 15-year-old whom the state law designates as being able to understand medical risks and who is thus permitted to give informed consent for treatment. 4. Assent requires the ability to generally understand what procedure and treatments are planned, to understand what participation is required, and to make a statement of agreement or disagreement with the plan. Usually, in Piaget's stage of formal operations, 11- to 13-year-olds should be able to problem solve using abstract concepts and are able to give valid assent when parents sign the informed consent. An emancipated minor is a self-supporting adolescent who is not subject to the control of a parent or guardian. A mature minor is a 14- or 15-year-old whom the state law designates as being able to understand medical risks and who is thus permitted to give informed consent for treatment.

An adolescent female presents at a nurse practitioner's office and requests a signature for working papers. The nurse reviews her chart and notes that the last physical examination was two years ago. In addition to providing the signature for the working papers, what else should the nurse use this visit? 1. An opportunity to discuss birth-control measures 2. A time to discuss exercise and sports participation 3. A health-supervision opportunity 4. A chance to discuss the importance of pursuing post-secondary education

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. All visits should be used as health-promotion and health-supervision visits. While discussing birth control, exercise, and future plans is important, these can be included in the overall health-supervision protocols. 2. All visits should be used as health-promotion and health-supervision visits. While discussing birth control, exercise, and future plans is important, these can be included in the overall health-supervision protocols. 3. All visits should be used as health-promotion and health-supervision visits. While discussing birth control, exercise, and future plans is important, these can be included in the overall health-supervision protocols. 4. All visits should be used as health-promotion and health-supervision visits. While discussing birth control, exercise, and future plans is important, these can be included in the overall health-supervision protocols.

) The nurse is conducting a health promotion class for adolescents. In counseling an adolescent about lifestyle choices, what should the adolescent eliminate in order to decrease the risk of the most preventable cause of adult death? 1. Alcohol use 2. Obesity 3. Tobacco use 4. Cocaine use

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Although all of these factors are preventable causes of mortality in the United States, tobacco use accounts for 438,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of adult death. 2. Although all of these factors are preventable causes of mortality in the United States, tobacco use accounts for 438,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of adult death. 3. Although all of these factors are preventable causes of mortality in the United States, tobacco use accounts for 438,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of adult death. 4. Although all of these factors are preventable causes of mortality in the United States, tobacco use accounts for 438,000 deaths annually and is the most preventable cause of adult death

The nurse is working in an adolescent medical clinic. What can the nurse anticipate when comparing adolescents in the clinic with chronic conditions to their peers? 1. A high level self-esteem 2. A concern for their parents 3. An altered body image 4. A decreased concern about their appearance

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. As adolescents develop a sense of identity, they are focused on themselves and the present. They have a heightened concern about their appearance but may have inaccurate assessments of their body image and low self-esteem when comparing their bodies with those of their peers. 2. As adolescents develop a sense of identity, they are focused on themselves and the present. They have a heightened concern about their appearance but may have inaccurate assessments of their body image and low self-esteem when comparing their bodies with those of their peers. 3. As adolescents develop a sense of identity, they are focused on themselves and the present. They have a heightened concern about their appearance but may have inaccurate assessments of their body image and low self-esteem when comparing their bodies with those of their peers. 4. As adolescents develop a sense of identity, they are focused on themselves and the present. They have a heightened concern about their appearance but may have inaccurate assessments of their body image and low self-esteem when comparing their bodies with those of their peers.

During an examination, a nurse asks a 5-year-old child to repeat his address. What is the nurse evaluating with this action? 1. Recent memory 2. Language development 3. Remote memory 4. Social-skill development

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Asking children to remember addresses, phone numbers, and dates assesses remote-memory development. To evaluate recent memory, the nurse would have the child name something and then ask him to name it again in 10 to 15 minutes. Listening to how the child talks and his sentence structure evaluates the child's language development, and assessing how he interacts with others evaluates social-skill development. 2. Asking children to remember addresses, phone numbers, and dates assesses remote-memory development. To evaluate recent memory, the nurse would have the child name something and then ask him to name it again in 10 to 15 minutes. Listening to how the child talks and his sentence structure evaluates the child's language development, and assessing how he interacts with others evaluates social-skill development. 3. Asking children to remember addresses, phone numbers, and dates assesses remote-memory development. To evaluate recent memory, the nurse would have the child name something and then ask him to name it again in 10 to 15 minutes. Listening to how the child talks and his sentence structure evaluates the child's language development, and assessing how he interacts with others evaluates social-skill development. 4. Asking children to remember addresses, phone numbers, and dates assesses remote-memory development. To evaluate recent memory, the nurse would have the child name something and then ask him to name it again in 10 to 15 minutes. Listening to how the child talks and his sentence structure evaluates the child's language development, and assessing how he interacts with others evaluates social-skill development.

The nurse is working on parenting skills with a mother of three children. The nurse demonstrates a strategy that uses reward to increase positive behavior. Which strategy will the nurse document in the medical record based on this description? 1. Time out 2. Reasoning 3. Behavior modification 4. Experiencing consequences of misbehavior

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Behavior modification identifies and gives rewards for desired behaviors. Time out and experiencing consequences of misbehavior show the child that unacceptable behavior brings undesirable outcomes. Reasoning attempts to use explanation to end misbehavior. 2. Behavior modification identifies and gives rewards for desired behaviors. Time out and experiencing consequences of misbehavior show the child that unacceptable behavior brings undesirable outcomes. Reasoning attempts to use explanation to end misbehavior. 3. Behavior modification identifies and gives rewards for desired behaviors. Time out and experiencing consequences of misbehavior show the child that unacceptable behavior brings undesirable outcomes. Reasoning attempts to use explanation to end misbehavior. 4. Behavior modification identifies and gives rewards for desired behaviors. Time out and experiencing consequences of misbehavior show the child that unacceptable behavior brings undesirable outcomes. Reasoning attempts to use explanation to end misbehavior

The nurse is instructing a parent of a newborn on the foods that are to be started based on age. The nurse instructs the parent that the first food given to a newborn is rice cereal. What statement by the parent suggests appropriate understanding of the next food that can be introduced? 1. "Chicken can be given next." 2. "Eggs can be given next." 3. "Fruits should be given next." 4. "Whole milk should be started."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Chicken is not given until 8 to 10 months, eggs are not given until 12 months, whole milk is given at 12 months. Fruits are given after rice cereal. 2. Chicken is not given until 8 to 10 months, eggs are not given until 12 months, whole milk is given at 12 months. Fruits are given after rice cereal. 3. Chicken is not given until 8 to 10 months, eggs are not given until 12 months, whole milk is given at 12 months. Fruits are given after rice cereal. 4. Chicken is not given until 8 to 10 months, eggs are not given until 12 months, whole milk is given at 12 months. Fruits are given after rice cereal.

A nurse is assessing language development in all the infants presenting at the doctor's office for well-child visits. At which age range would the nurse expect a child to verbalize the words "dada" and "mama"? 1. 3 and 5 months 2. 6 and 8 months 3. 9 and 12 months 4. 13 and 18 months

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Children should be able to verbalize "mama" or "dada" to identify their parents by 1 year of age. 2. Children should be able to verbalize "mama" or "dada" to identify their parents by 1 year of age. 3. Children should be able to verbalize "mama" or "dada" to identify their parents by 1 year of age. 4. Children should be able to verbalize "mama" or "dada" to identify their parents by 1 year of age.

A school-age client, recently diagnosed with asthma, also has a peanut allergy. The nurse instructs the family to not only avoid peanuts but also to carefully check food label ingredients for peanut products and to make sure dishes and utensils are adequately washed prior to food preparation. The mother asks why this is specific for her child. Based on the client's history, the nurse knows that this client is at an increased risk for which complication? 1. Urticaria 2. Diarrhea 3. Anaphylaxis 4. Headache

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Children with food allergies may experience all of the above reactions to a particular food, but the child who also has asthma is most at risk for death secondary to anaphylaxis caused by a food allergy. 2. Children with food allergies may experience all of the above reactions to a particular food, but the child who also has asthma is most at risk for death secondary to anaphylaxis caused by a food allergy. 3. Children with food allergies may experience all of the above reactions to a particular food, but the child who also has asthma is most at risk for death secondary to anaphylaxis caused by a food allergy. 4. Children with food allergies may experience all of the above reactions to a particular food, but the child who also has asthma is most at risk for death secondary to anaphylaxis caused by a food allergy.

Which genetic test would be best for the prospective father who recently had a positive screen for a genetic condition? 1. Carrier testing 2. Predictive testing 3. Diagnostic testing 4. Prenatal testing

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Diagnostic testing is best for an individual who has a positive screen for a genetic disorder. Prenatal testing would be done with a pregnancy. Carrier testing is done with an asymptomatic individual who wishes to know whether he or she is a carrier of a condition. Predictive testing predicts the likelihood of a condition later in life. 2. Diagnostic testing is best for an individual who has a positive screen for a genetic disorder. Prenatal testing would be done with a pregnancy. Carrier testing is done with an asymptomatic individual who wishes to know whether he or she is a carrier of a condition. Predictive testing predicts the likelihood of a condition later in life. 3. Diagnostic testing is best for an individual who has a positive screen for a genetic disorder. Prenatal testing would be done with a pregnancy. Carrier testing is done with an asymptomatic individual who wishes to know whether he or she is a carrier of a condition. Predictive testing predicts the likelihood of a condition later in life. 4. Diagnostic testing is best for an individual who has a positive screen for a genetic disorder. Prenatal testing would be done with a pregnancy. Carrier testing is done with an asymptomatic individual who wishes to know whether he or she is a carrier of a condition. Predictive testing predicts the likelihood of a condition later in life

A child is prescribed Didanosine (Videx), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which lab value will the nurse monitor closely for this child? 1. Potassium 2. Sodium 3. RBC count 4. Glucose

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Didanosine (Videx) causes bone-marrow suppression with resulting anemia. RBC counts are monitored at least monthly for changes. Potassium and sodium are electrolytes, and glucose is a laboratory test for checking diabetes. Didanosine (Videx) does not affect these values. 2. Didanosine (Videx) causes bone-marrow suppression with resulting anemia. RBC counts are monitored at least monthly for changes. Potassium and sodium are electrolytes, and glucose is a laboratory test for checking diabetes. Didanosine (Videx) does not affect these values. 3. Didanosine (Videx) causes bone-marrow suppression with resulting anemia. RBC counts are monitored at least monthly for changes. Potassium and sodium are electrolytes, and glucose is a laboratory test for checking diabetes. Didanosine (Videx) does not affect these values. 4. Didanosine (Videx) causes bone-marrow suppression with resulting anemia. RBC counts are monitored at least monthly for changes. Potassium and sodium are electrolytes, and glucose is a laboratory test for checking diabetes. Didanosine (Videx) does not affect these values.

At the conclusion of teaching parents about cerebral palsy, the nurse asks, "What is your hope for your toddler with cerebral palsy?" Which reply from a parent best indicates an understanding of a realistic achievement for the child? 1. "I hope my child qualifies for the Winter Olympics like I did." 2. "I hope my child just enjoys life." 3. "I hope my child will attend our neighborhood school." 4. "I hope my child is liked and accepted by other children."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Expecting a child with cerebral palsy to do well in the local school is a realistic hope that the child can possibly achieve. A child with cerebral palsy does not have the gross motor skills to qualify for the Olympics; thus, this is unrealistic. A hope for the child to enjoy life is realistic, but is not an achievement for the child. A hope that the child is liked and accepted by other children is realistic, but this hope is also dependent on other children. 2. Expecting a child with cerebral palsy to do well in the local school is a realistic hope that the child can possibly achieve. A child with cerebral palsy does not have the gross motor skills to qualify for the Olympics; thus, this is unrealistic. A hope for the child to enjoy life is realistic, but is not an achievement for the child. A hope that the child is liked and accepted by other children is realistic, but this hope is also dependent on other children. 3. Expecting a child with cerebral palsy to do well in the local school is a realistic hope that the child can possibly achieve. A child with cerebral palsy does not have the gross motor skills to qualify for the Olympics; thus, this is unrealistic. A hope for the child to enjoy life is realistic, but is not an achievement for the child. A hope that the child is liked and accepted by other children is realistic, but this hope is also dependent on other children. 4. Expecting a child with cerebral palsy to do well in the local school is a realistic hope that the child can possibly achieve. A child with cerebral palsy does not have the gross motor skills to qualify for the Olympics; thus, this is unrealistic. A hope for the child to enjoy life is realistic, but is not an achievement for the child. A hope that the child is liked and accepted by other children is realistic, but this hope is also dependent on other children.

A nurse obtains a nutritional health history from a 10-year-old child. Which of these food selections, if consumed on a regular basis, should lead the nurse to become concerned about the need for improving oral hygiene? 1. Peanuts and crackers 2. Sorbet and yogurt 3. Gummy bears and licorice 4. Fluoridated water

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Food items that stick to the teeth lead to dental caries. Items such as gummy bears and licorice all stick to the teeth and lead to dental caries. Foods such as peanut butter, crackers, sorbet, and yogurt do not stick to the teeth and are not considered foods that increase dental caries. Fluoridated water has been shown to decrease the incidence of dental caries. 2. Food items that stick to the teeth lead to dental caries. Items such as gummy bears and licorice all stick to the teeth and lead to dental caries. Foods such as peanut butter, crackers, sorbet, and yogurt do not stick to the teeth and are not considered foods that increase dental caries. Fluoridated water has been shown to decrease the incidence of dental caries. 3. Food items that stick to the teeth lead to dental caries. Items such as gummy bears and licorice all stick to the teeth and lead to dental caries. Foods such as peanut butter, crackers, sorbet, and yogurt do not stick to the teeth and are not considered foods that increase dental caries. Fluoridated water has been shown to decrease the incidence of dental caries. 4. Food items that stick to the teeth lead to dental caries. Items such as gummy bears and licorice all stick to the teeth and lead to dental caries. Foods such as peanut butter, crackers, sorbet, and yogurt do not stick to the teeth and are not considered foods that increase dental caries. Fluoridated water has been shown to decrease the incidence of dental caries.

A child is admitted to the hospital for hypercalcemia and is placed on diuretic therapy. Which diuretic would the nurse expect to give? 1. Hydrochlorothiazide (Aquazide) 2. Spironolactone (Aldactone) 3. Furosemide (Lasix) 4. Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Furosemide (Lasix) is the diuretic used to aid in excretion of calcium. Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) decrease calcium excretion and should not be given to the hypercalcemic client. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is a diuretic used to decrease cerebral edema and is not routinely used to aid in excretion of calcium. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and would not be effective for excretion of calcium. 2. Furosemide (Lasix) is the diuretic used to aid in excretion of calcium. Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) decrease calcium excretion and should not be given to the hypercalcemic client. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is a diuretic used to decrease cerebral edema and is not routinely used to aid in excretion of calcium. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and would not be effective for excretion of calcium. 3. Furosemide (Lasix) is the diuretic used to aid in excretion of calcium. Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) decrease calcium excretion and should not be given to the hypercalcemic client. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is a diuretic used to decrease cerebral edema and is not routinely used to aid in excretion of calcium. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and would not be effective for excretion of calcium. 4. Furosemide (Lasix) is the diuretic used to aid in excretion of calcium. Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) decrease calcium excretion and should not be given to the hypercalcemic client. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is a diuretic used to decrease cerebral edema and is not routinely used to aid in excretion of calcium. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and would not be effective for excretion of calcium

The nurse is caring for a client in the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU). The parents have expressed anger over the nursing care their child is receiving. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate based on the situation? 1. Ask the physician to talk with the family. 2. Explain to the parents that their anger is affecting their child so they will not be allowed to visit the child until they calm down. 3. Acknowledge the parents' concerns and collaborate with them regarding the care of their child. 4. Call the chaplain to sit with the family.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Hospitalization of the child in a pediatric intensive-care unit is a great stressor for parents. If the parents feel that they are not informed or involved in the care of their child, they may become angry and upset. Calling the physician or chaplain may be appropriate at some point, but the nurse must assume the role of supporter in this situation to promote a sense of trust. Telling the parents that they cannot visit their child will only increase their anger. 2. Hospitalization of the child in a pediatric intensive-care unit is a great stressor for parents. If the parents feel that they are not informed or involved in the care of their child, they may become angry and upset. Calling the physician or chaplain may be appropriate at some point, but the nurse must assume the role of supporter in this situation to promote a sense of trust. Telling the parents that they cannot visit their child will only increase their anger. 3. Hospitalization of the child in a pediatric intensive-care unit is a great stressor for parents. If the parents feel that they are not informed or involved in the care of their child, they may become angry and upset. Calling the physician or chaplain may be appropriate at some point, but the nurse must assume the role of supporter in this situation to promote a sense of trust. Telling the parents that they cannot visit their child will only increase their anger. 4. Hospitalization of the child in a pediatric intensive-care unit is a great stressor for parents. If the parents feel that they are not informed or involved in the care of their child, they may become angry and upset. Calling the physician or chaplain may be appropriate at some point, but the nurse must assume the role of supporter in this situation to promote a sense of trust. Telling the parents that they cannot visit their child will only increase their anger.

Parents of a child admitted with respiratory distress are concerned because the child won't lie down and wants to sit in a chair leaning forward. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "This helps the child feel in control of his situation." 2. "The child needs to be encouraged to lie flat in bed." 3. "This position helps keep the airway open." 4. "This confirms the child has asthma."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Leaning forward helps keep the airway open. The child is not in control just because he is leaning forward. Lying flat in bed will increase the respiratory distress. This position does not confirm asthma. 2. Leaning forward helps keep the airway open. The child is not in control just because he is leaning forward. Lying flat in bed will increase the respiratory distress. This position does not confirm asthma. 3. Leaning forward helps keep the airway open. The child is not in control just because he is leaning forward. Lying flat in bed will increase the respiratory distress. This position does not confirm asthma. 4. Leaning forward helps keep the airway open. The child is not in control just because he is leaning forward. Lying flat in bed will increase the respiratory distress. This position does not confirm asthma

) A nurse begins an infusion of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) to a child who has combined immunodeficiency disease. Which assessment finding indicates that the nurse should stop the infusion? 1. A mild headache 2. Clear yellow urine 3. Severe shaking, chills, and fever 4. Complaints of being "thirsty

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Hypersensitivity reaction can be seen with IVIG. The infusion should be started slowly and increased if there is no reaction. Shaking, chills, and fever can indicate a reaction. A mild headache is an adverse side effect of IVIG but not a severe reaction. Thirst is not an indication of a reaction. Voiding clear yellow urine is a normal finding. 2. Hypersensitivity reaction can be seen with IVIG. The infusion should be started slowly and increased if there is no reaction. Shaking, chills, and fever can indicate a reaction. A mild headache is an adverse side effect of IVIG but not a severe reaction. Thirst is not an indication of a reaction. Voiding clear yellow urine is a normal finding. 3. Hypersensitivity reaction can be seen with IVIG. The infusion should be started slowly and increased if there is no reaction. Shaking, chills, and fever can indicate a reaction. A mild headache is an adverse side effect of IVIG but not a severe reaction. Thirst is not an indication of a reaction. Voiding clear yellow urine is a normal finding. 4. Hypersensitivity reaction can be seen with IVIG. The infusion should be started slowly and increased if there is no reaction. Shaking, chills, and fever can indicate a reaction. A mild headache is an adverse side effect of IVIG but not a severe reaction. Thirst is not an indication of a reaction. Voiding clear yellow urine is a normal finding.

A school-age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the nurse's office with superficial bleeding above the knee. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Apply a warm, moist pack to the area. 2. Perform some passive range of motion to the affected leg. 3. Apply pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. 4. Keep the affected extremity in a dependent position

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. If a hemophiliac child experiences a bleeding episode, superficial bleeding should be controlled by applying pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. Ice should be applied, not heat. The extremity should be immobilized and elevated, so passive range of motion and keeping the extremity in a dependent position would not be appropriate interventions at this time. 2. If a hemophiliac child experiences a bleeding episode, superficial bleeding should be controlled by applying pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. Ice should be applied, not heat. The extremity should be immobilized and elevated, so passive range of motion and keeping the extremity in a dependent position would not be appropriate interventions at this time. 3. If a hemophiliac child experiences a bleeding episode, superficial bleeding should be controlled by applying pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. Ice should be applied, not heat. The extremity should be immobilized and elevated, so passive range of motion and keeping the extremity in a dependent position would not be appropriate interventions at this time. 4. If a hemophiliac child experiences a bleeding episode, superficial bleeding should be controlled by applying pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. Ice should be applied, not heat. The extremity should be immobilized and elevated, so passive range of motion and keeping the extremity in a dependent position would not be appropriate interventions at this time

Despite the availability of Children's Health Insurance Programs (CHIP), many eligible children are not enrolled. Which nursing intervention would be the most appropriate to help children become enrolled in CHIP? 1. Assess details of the family's income and expenditures 2. Case management to limit costly, unnecessary duplication of services 3. Advocate for the child by encouraging the family to investigate SCHIP eligibility 4. Educate the family about the need for keeping regular well-child-visit appointments

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. In the role of an advocate, a nurse will advance the interests of another; by suggesting the family investigate its CHIP eligibility, the nurse is directing their action toward the child's best interest. Financial assessment is more commonly the function of a social worker. The case-management activity mentioned will not provide a source of funding nor will the educational effort described. 2. In the role of an advocate, a nurse will advance the interests of another; by suggesting the family investigate its CHIP eligibility, the nurse is directing their action toward the child's best interest. Financial assessment is more commonly the function of a social worker. The case-management activity mentioned will not provide a source of funding nor will the educational effort described. 3. In the role of an advocate, a nurse will advance the interests of another; by suggesting the family investigate its CHIP eligibility, the nurse is directing their action toward the child's best interest. Financial assessment is more commonly the function of a social worker. The case-management activity mentioned will not provide a source of funding nor will the educational effort described. 4. In the role of an advocate, a nurse will advance the interests of another; by suggesting the family investigate its CHIP eligibility, the nurse is directing their action toward the child's best interest. Financial assessment is more commonly the function of a social worker. The case-management activity mentioned will not provide a source of funding nor will the educational effort described.

A nurse asks the mother of a 4-month-old infant to undress the infant. The nurse observes the mother taking off several layers of clothing and knows that the outdoor temperature is 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate in this situation? 1. "My, you are dressing your infant warmly today." 2. "Did you think it was cold when you left your home this morning?" 3. "I see that you have many layers of clothing on your baby. This may cause your baby's temperature to rise." 4. "When you leave the office, only put one layer of clothing on your baby."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. In this scenario, the mother has overdressed the infant. The nurse needs to gently inform the mother of this problem and to provide information to the mother on why it is a problem. Just making a statement on how warmly the child is dressed will not accomplish this goal or just telling the mother to only put one layer of clothing on the child does not provide a rationale for the mother to make a better decision the next time, so this statement also is not helpful to the mother. 2. In this scenario, the mother has overdressed the infant. The nurse needs to gently inform the mother of this problem and to provide information to the mother on why it is a problem. Just making a statement on how warmly the child is dressed will not accomplish this goal or just telling the mother to only put one layer of clothing on the child does not provide a rationale for the mother to make a better decision the next time, so this statement also is not helpful to the mother. 3. In this scenario, the mother has overdressed the infant. The nurse needs to gently inform the mother of this problem and to provide information to the mother on why it is a problem. Just making a statement on how warmly the child is dressed will not accomplish this goal or just telling the mother to only put one layer of clothing on the child does not provide a rationale for the mother to make a better decision the next time, so this statement also is not helpful to the mother. 4. In this scenario, the mother has overdressed the infant. The nurse needs to gently inform the mother of this problem and to provide information to the mother on why it is a problem. Just making a statement on how warmly the child is dressed will not accomplish this goal or just telling the mother to only put one layer of clothing on the child does not provide a rationale for the mother to make a better decision the next time, so this statement also is not helpful to the mother.

A mother asks which developmental milestones she can expect when her baby is 6 months old. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Lifts head momentarily when prone 2. Has well-developed pincer grasp 3. Transfers objects from one hand to the other 4. Rolls from front to back

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Lifting head when prone is a milestone at 1 month. A well-developed pincer grasp is a milestone at 12 months. Transferring objects from one hand to the other is a milestone at 6 months. Rolling from front to back is a milestone at 4 months. 2. Lifting head when prone is a milestone at 1 month. A well-developed pincer grasp is a milestone at 12 months. Transferring objects from one hand to the other is a milestone at 6 months. Rolling from front to back is a milestone at 4 months. 3. Lifting head when prone is a milestone at 1 month. A well-developed pincer grasp is a milestone at 12 months. Transferring objects from one hand to the other is a milestone at 6 months. Rolling from front to back is a milestone at 4 months. 4. Lifting head when prone is a milestone at 1 month. A well-developed pincer grasp is a milestone at 12 months. Transferring objects from one hand to the other is a milestone at 6 months. Rolling from front to back is a milestone at 4 months.

Injury prevention is an important aspect of parent teaching. Which injury prevention strategy would reduce the risk of suffocation? 1. Measure crib slat spacing at 2-3/8 inches or less. 2. Never leave an infant alone in a bath. 3. Position the infant on her back to sleep. 4. Use only approved restraint systems.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Measuring crib slats will reduce strangulation. Not leaving an infant alone in a bath will reduce drowning. Positioning an infant on her back will reduce suffocation. Using approved restraint systems will reduce motor vehicle injury. 2. Measuring crib slats will reduce strangulation. Not leaving an infant alone in a bath will reduce drowning. Positioning an infant on her back will reduce suffocation. Using approved restraint systems will reduce motor vehicle injury. 3. Measuring crib slats will reduce strangulation. Not leaving an infant alone in a bath will reduce drowning. Positioning an infant on her back will reduce suffocation. Using approved restraint systems will reduce motor vehicle injury. 4. Measuring crib slats will reduce strangulation. Not leaving an infant alone in a bath will reduce drowning. Positioning an infant on her back will reduce suffocation. Using approved restraint systems will reduce motor vehicle injury.

1) Concerned parents call the school nurse because of changes in their 15-year-old adolescent's behavior. Which behavior would the nurse indicate as indicative of adolescent substance abuse? 1. Buying baggy, oversized clothing at thrift shops and dying her hair black 2. Becoming very involved with friends and in activities related to the basketball team that she is on; never seeming to be home; and, when she is home, preferring to be in her room with the door shut 3. Receiving numerous detentions lately from teachers for sleeping in class 4. Becoming very moody, dramatically crying and weeping one minute and then being cheerful and excited the next

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Mood swings, experimenting with clothes and hair, periodically distancing themselves from their parents, and preferring involvement with their peers are all normal adolescent behaviors. Even though most teens do prefer staying up late, they are not usually so tired that they would fall asleep during the day, especially while engaged in classroom activities. This behavior is abnormal and may indicate involvement with substance abuse or an underlying pathology. 2. Mood swings, experimenting with clothes and hair, periodically distancing themselves from their parents, and preferring involvement with their peers are all normal adolescent behaviors. Even though most teens do prefer staying up late, they are not usually so tired that they would fall asleep during the day, especially while engaged in classroom activities. This behavior is abnormal and may indicate involvement with substance abuse or an underlying pathology. 3. Mood swings, experimenting with clothes and hair, periodically distancing themselves from their parents, and preferring involvement with their peers are all normal adolescent behaviors. Even though most teens do prefer staying up late, they are not usually so tired that they would fall asleep during the day, especially while engaged in classroom activities. This behavior is abnormal and may indicate involvement with substance abuse or an underlying pathology. 4. Mood swings, experimenting with clothes and hair, periodically distancing themselves from their parents, and preferring involvement with their peers are all normal adolescent behaviors. Even though most teens do prefer staying up late, they are not usually so tired that they would fall asleep during the day, especially while engaged in classroom activities. This behavior is abnormal and may indicate involvement with substance abuse or an underlying pathology

A newborn is suspected of having cystic fibrosis. As the child is being prepared for transfer to a pediatric hospital, the mother asks the nurse which symptoms made the practitioner suspect cystic fibrosis. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Steatorrheic stools 2. Constipation 3. Meconium ileus 4. Rectal prolapse

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Newborns with cystic fibrosis may present in the first 48 hours with meconium ileus. Steatorrhea, constipation, and rectal prolapse may be signs of cystic fibrosis seen in an older infant or child. 2. Newborns with cystic fibrosis may present in the first 48 hours with meconium ileus. Steatorrhea, constipation, and rectal prolapse may be signs of cystic fibrosis seen in an older infant or child. 3. Newborns with cystic fibrosis may present in the first 48 hours with meconium ileus. Steatorrhea, constipation, and rectal prolapse may be signs of cystic fibrosis seen in an older infant or child. 4. Newborns with cystic fibrosis may present in the first 48 hours with meconium ileus. Steatorrhea, constipation, and rectal prolapse may be signs of cystic fibrosis seen in an older infant or child

The nurse is caring for a newly-admitted infant diagnosed with "failure to thrive." The nurse begins to implement the healthcare provider prescribed orders by taking blood pressures in all four extremities. Which congenital cardiac defect does the nurse anticipate based on the prescribed order? 1. Tetralogy of Fallot 2. Pulmonary atresia 3. Coarctation of the aorta 4. Ventricular septal defect

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Normally, blood pressures in the lower extremities are the same as or higher than upper-extremity blood pressures. But in coarctation of the aorta, the narrowing of the aorta causes decreased blood flow to the lower extremities and thus lower-extremity blood-pressure readings are significantly lower than upper-extremity readings. There are minimal differences between upper and lower blood-pressure readings in tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect. 2. Normally, blood pressures in the lower extremities are the same as or higher than upper-extremity blood pressures. But in coarctation of the aorta, the narrowing of the aorta causes decreased blood flow to the lower extremities and thus lower-extremity blood-pressure readings are significantly lower than upper-extremity readings. There are minimal differences between upper and lower blood-pressure readings in tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect. 3. Normally, blood pressures in the lower extremities are the same as or higher than upper-extremity blood pressures. But in coarctation of the aorta, the narrowing of the aorta causes decreased blood flow to the lower extremities and thus lower-extremity blood-pressure readings are significantly lower than upper-extremity readings. There are minimal differences between upper and lower blood-pressure readings in tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect. 4. Normally, blood pressures in the lower extremities are the same as or higher than upper-extremity blood pressures. But in coarctation of the aorta, the narrowing of the aorta causes decreased blood flow to the lower extremities and thus lower-extremity blood-pressure readings are significantly lower than upper-extremity readings. There are minimal differences between upper and lower blood-pressure readings in tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defect.

The school health nurse is evaluating the home environment of several children as it relates to child safety. The nurse visits the home of each child and gathers the following data. Which activity places a child at greatest risk for bodily harm? 1. The parents are in a methadone program. 2. The parents consume alcohol on a daily basis. 3. The child is permitted to target practice with a revolver, unsupervised. 4. The child is a latchkey child.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Of all the activities mentioned, the child who is playing with guns is most at risk for injury. The inappropriate behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use or past use, also place the child at risk, but the use of firearms is more risky. A latchkey child needs special attention but in regard to the situations given is not at the greatest risk of injury. 2. Of all the activities mentioned, the child who is playing with guns is most at risk for injury. The inappropriate behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use or past use, also place the child at risk, but the use of firearms is more risky. A latchkey child needs special attention but in regard to the situations given is not at the greatest risk of injury. 3. Of all the activities mentioned, the child who is playing with guns is most at risk for injury. The inappropriate behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use or past use, also place the child at risk, but the use of firearms is more risky. A latchkey child needs special attention but in regard to the situations given is not at the greatest risk of injury. 4. Of all the activities mentioned, the child who is playing with guns is most at risk for injury. The inappropriate behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use or past use, also place the child at risk, but the use of firearms is more risky. A latchkey child needs special attention but in regard to the situations given is not at the greatest risk of injury.

Two 3-year-olds are playing in a hospital playroom together. One is working on a puzzle while the other is stacking blocks. Which type of play are these children exhibiting? 1. Cooperative play 2. Associative play 3. Parallel play 4. Solitary play

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Parallel play describes when two or more children play together, each engaging in their own activities. Cooperative play happens when children demonstrate the ability to cooperate with others and play a part in order to contribute to a unified whole. Associative play is characterized by children interacting in groups and participating in similar activities. In solitary play, a child plays alone. 2. Parallel play describes when two or more children play together, each engaging in their own activities. Cooperative play happens when children demonstrate the ability to cooperate with others and play a part in order to contribute to a unified whole. Associative play is characterized by children interacting in groups and participating in similar activities. In solitary play, a child plays alone. 3. Parallel play describes when two or more children play together, each engaging in their own activities. Cooperative play happens when children demonstrate the ability to cooperate with others and play a part in order to contribute to a unified whole. Associative play is characterized by children interacting in groups and participating in similar activities. In solitary play, a child plays alone. 4. Parallel play describes when two or more children play together, each engaging in their own activities. Cooperative play happens when children demonstrate the ability to cooperate with others and play a part in order to contribute to a unified whole. Associative play is characterized by children interacting in groups and participating in similar activities. In solitary play, a child plays alone.

The nurse is evaluating the car seat of a 3-year-old who weighs 42 pounds. Which recommendation should the nurse make about the car seat to the parents? 1. Convertible, rear-facing seat 2. Belt-positioning booster seat 3. A car seat with a harness approved for higher weights and heights 4. A regular seat with lap and shoulder strap

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Highway Safety Administration recommend booster seats for children over 40 pounds and 4 years of age. A 3-year-old should be in a regular car seat with approved harness for higher-weight/height children so that the child is protected from injury. Rear-facing seats and regular seat with lap and shoulder strap are not appropriate for a 3-year-old. 2. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Highway Safety Administration recommend booster seats for children over 40 pounds and 4 years of age. A 3-year-old should be in a regular car seat with approved harness for higher-weight/height children so that the child is protected from injury. Rear-facing seats and regular seat with lap and shoulder strap are not appropriate for a 3-year-old. 3. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Highway Safety Administration recommend booster seats for children over 40 pounds and 4 years of age. A 3-year-old should be in a regular car seat with approved harness for higher-weight/height children so that the child is protected from injury. Rear-facing seats and regular seat with lap and shoulder strap are not appropriate for a 3-year-old. 4. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Highway Safety Administration recommend booster seats for children over 40 pounds and 4 years of age. A 3-year-old should be in a regular car seat with approved harness for higher-weight/height children so that the child is protected from injury. Rear-facing seats and regular seat with lap and shoulder strap are not appropriate for a 3-year-old.

The nurse in the pediatric clinic observes a parental lack of warmth and interest toward the child. Which parental style will the nurse most likely document in this situation? 1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative 3. Indifferent 4. Permissive

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Parents displaying the indifferent parental style fail to demonstrate consistent warmth and interest in their children. Parents who favor the authoritarian style may exhibit a punitive attitude toward the child who is misbehaving but are not disinterested. Parents employing the authoritative style and the permissive style have children who report that "my parent loves me and shows affection regularly." 2. Parents displaying the indifferent parental style fail to demonstrate consistent warmth and interest in their children. Parents who favor the authoritarian style may exhibit a punitive attitude toward the child who is misbehaving but are not disinterested. Parents employing the authoritative style and the permissive style have children who report that "my parent loves me and shows affection regularly." 3. Parents displaying the indifferent parental style fail to demonstrate consistent warmth and interest in their children. Parents who favor the authoritarian style may exhibit a punitive attitude toward the child who is misbehaving but are not disinterested. Parents employing the authoritative style and the permissive style have children who report that "my parent loves me and shows affection regularly." 4. Parents displaying the indifferent parental style fail to demonstrate consistent warmth and interest in their children. Parents who favor the authoritarian style may exhibit a punitive attitude toward the child who is misbehaving but are not disinterested. Parents employing the authoritative style and the permissive style have children who report that "my parent loves me and shows affection regularly."

A school-age child with congenital heart block codes in the emergency department (ED). The parents witness this and stare at the resuscitation scene unfolding before them. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate in this situation? 1. Ask the parents to leave until the child has stabilized. 2. Ask the parents to call the family to come into watch the resuscitation. 3. Ask the parents to sit near the child's face and hold her hand. 4. Ask the parents to stand at the foot of the cart to watch

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Parents should be helped to support their child through emergency procedures, if they are able. Parents should never be asked to take part in emergency efforts unless absolutely necessary. Merely watching the resuscitation serves no purpose for the child. If the parents interfere with resuscitation efforts or they are unable to tolerate the situation, they can be asked to leave later. 2. Parents should be helped to support their child through emergency procedures, if they are able. Parents should never be asked to take part in emergency efforts unless absolutely necessary. Merely watching the resuscitation serves no purpose for the child. If the parents interfere with resuscitation efforts or they are unable to tolerate the situation, they can be asked to leave later. 3. Parents should be helped to support their child through emergency procedures, if they are able. Parents should never be asked to take part in emergency efforts unless absolutely necessary. Merely watching the resuscitation serves no purpose for the child. If the parents interfere with resuscitation efforts or they are unable to tolerate the situation, they can be asked to leave later. 4. Parents should be helped to support their child through emergency procedures, if they are able. Parents should never be asked to take part in emergency efforts unless absolutely necessary. Merely watching the resuscitation serves no purpose for the child. If the parents interfere with resuscitation efforts or they are unable to tolerate the situation, they can be asked to leave later

The nurse is providing care to an adolescent client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which action by the client indicates acceptance of body changes associated with SLE? 1. She refuses to attend school. 2. She doesn't want to attend any social functions. 3. She discusses the body changes with a peer. 4. She discusses the body changes with healthcare personnel only.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Peer interaction is important to the teen. Being able to discuss the changes to her body with a peer indicates acceptance of the change in body image. Discussing changes only with healthcare personnel does not indicate the teen has adjusted to body-image changes. Refusing to go to school or not going to social functions indicates nonacceptance of the changes to body image. 2. Peer interaction is important to the teen. Being able to discuss the changes to her body with a peer indicates acceptance of the change in body image. Discussing changes only with healthcare personnel does not indicate the teen has adjusted to body-image changes. Refusing to go to school or not going to social functions indicates nonacceptance of the changes to body image. 3. Peer interaction is important to the teen. Being able to discuss the changes to her body with a peer indicates acceptance of the change in body image. Discussing changes only with healthcare personnel does not indicate the teen has adjusted to body-image changes. Refusing to go to school or not going to social functions indicates nonacceptance of the changes to body image. 4. Peer interaction is important to the teen. Being able to discuss the changes to her body with a peer indicates acceptance of the change in body image. Discussing changes only with healthcare personnel does not indicate the teen has adjusted to body-image changes. Refusing to go to school or not going to social functions indicates nonacceptance of the changes to body image.

A preschool-age client is seen in the clinic for a sore throat. In this child's mind, what is the most likely causative agent for the sore throat? 1. Was exposed to someone else with a sore throat. 2. Did not eat the right foods. 3. Yelled at his brother. 4. Did not take his vitamins.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Preschool-age children understand some concepts of being sick but not the cause of illness. They are likely to think that they are sick as a result of something that they have done. They will frequently view illness as punishment. A child of this age does not yet understand that he can become sick from exposure to someone else who is sick. The other two answers, while not causes of sore throat, can be factors in some illnesses but are beyond the thinking of a 4-year-old. 2. Preschool-age children understand some concepts of being sick but not the cause of illness. They are likely to think that they are sick as a result of something that they have done. They will frequently view illness as punishment. A child of this age does not yet understand that he can become sick from exposure to someone else who is sick. The other two answers, while not causes of sore throat, can be factors in some illnesses but are beyond the thinking of a 4-year-old. 3. Preschool-age children understand some concepts of being sick but not the cause of illness. They are likely to think that they are sick as a result of something that they have done. They will frequently view illness as punishment. A child of this age does not yet understand that he can become sick from exposure to someone else who is sick. The other two answers, while not causes of sore throat, can be factors in some illnesses but are beyond the thinking of a 4-year-old. 4. Preschool-age children understand some concepts of being sick but not the cause of illness. They are likely to think that they are sick as a result of something that they have done. They will frequently view illness as punishment. A child of this age does not yet understand that he can become sick from exposure to someone else who is sick. The other two answers, while not causes of sore throat, can be factors in some illnesses but are beyond the thinking of a 4-year-old.

A nurse is planning to teach school-age children about the common cold. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? 1. Vaccinations can prevent contraction of a nasopharyngitis virus. 2. Antibiotics will eliminate the nasopharyngitis virus. 3. Proper handwashing can prevent the spread of the infection. 4. Aspirin should be taken for alleviation of fever if the "common cold" is contracted

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Proper handwashing should be taught to school-age children to reduce the spread of the "common cold" virus. No vaccine can prevent the common cold. Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections. Aspirin should not be taken for fever because of its association with Reye syndrome. 2. Proper handwashing should be taught to school-age children to reduce the spread of the "common cold" virus. No vaccine can prevent the common cold. Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections. Aspirin should not be taken for fever because of its association with Reye syndrome. 3. Proper handwashing should be taught to school-age children to reduce the spread of the "common cold" virus. No vaccine can prevent the common cold. Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections. Aspirin should not be taken for fever because of its association with Reye syndrome. 4. Proper handwashing should be taught to school-age children to reduce the spread of the "common cold" virus. No vaccine can prevent the common cold. Antibiotics are not used to treat viral infections. Aspirin should not be taken for fever because of its association with Reye syndrome.

n adolescent client with cystic fibrosis suddenly becomes noncompliant with the medication regime. Which intervention by the nurse will most likely improve compliance for this client? 1. Give the child a computer-animated game that presents information on the management of cystic fibrosis. 2. Arrange for the physician to sit down and talk to the child about the risks related to noncompliance with medications. 3. Set up a meeting with some older teens with cystic fibrosis who have been managing their disease effectively. 4. Discuss with the child's parents the privileges that can be taken away, such as cell phone, if compliance fails to improve.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Providing an adolescent with positive role models who are in his peer group is the intervention most likely to improve compliance. Interest in games may begin to wane, adults' opinions may be viewed negatively and challenged, and threatening punishment may further incite rebellion. 2. Providing an adolescent with positive role models who are in his peer group is the intervention most likely to improve compliance. Interest in games may begin to wane, adults' opinions may be viewed negatively and challenged, and threatening punishment may further incite rebellion. 3. Providing an adolescent with positive role models who are in his peer group is the intervention most likely to improve compliance. Interest in games may begin to wane, adults' opinions may be viewed negatively and challenged, and threatening punishment may further incite rebellion. 4. Providing an adolescent with positive role models who are in his peer group is the intervention most likely to improve compliance. Interest in games may begin to wane, adults' opinions may be viewed negatively and challenged, and threatening punishment may further incite rebellion.

A preschool-age client is hospitalized following surgery for a ruptured appendix. During assessment of the child, the nurse notes that the child is sleeping. Vital signs are as follows: temperature 97.8 degrees F axillary, pulse 90, respirations 12, and blood pressure 100/60. Which conclusion by the nurse is appropriate based on the assessment findings? 1. The client is comfortable and the pain is controlled. 2. The client is in shock secondary to blood loss during surgery. 3. The client is experiencing respiratory depression secondary to opioid administration for postoperative pain. 4. The client issleeping to avoid pain associated with surgery

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Respiratory depression secondary to opioid use is most likely to occur when the child is sleeping. A respiratory rate of 12 is well below normal for a preschool-age client. The other vital signs are within normal limits for a sleeping preschool-age client. 2. Respiratory depression secondary to opioid use is most likely to occur when the child is sleeping. A respiratory rate of 12 is well below normal for a preschool-age client. The other vital signs are within normal limits for a sleeping preschool-age client. 3. Respiratory depression secondary to opioid use is most likely to occur when the child is sleeping. A respiratory rate of 12 is well below normal for a preschool-age client. The other vital signs are within normal limits for a sleeping preschool-age client. 4. Respiratory depression secondary to opioid use is most likely to occur when the child is sleeping. A respiratory rate of 12 is well below normal for a preschool-age client. The other vital signs are within normal limits for a sleeping preschool-age client

The nurse can instruct parents to expect children in which age group to begin to assume more independent responsibility for their own management of a chronic condition, such as blood-glucose monitoring, insulin administration, intermittent self-catheterization, and appropriate inhaler use? 1. Toddlers 2. Preschool-age 3. School-age 4. Adolescents

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and can begin assuming responsibility for self-care. Toddlers and preschool-age children do not have the cognitive and psychomotor skills for these tasks. Adolescents should already be well accomplished at self-care. 2. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and can begin assuming responsibility for self-care. Toddlers and preschool-age children do not have the cognitive and psychomotor skills for these tasks. Adolescents should already be well accomplished at self-care. 3. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and can begin assuming responsibility for self-care. Toddlers and preschool-age children do not have the cognitive and psychomotor skills for these tasks. Adolescents should already be well accomplished at self-care. 4. School-age children are developing a sense of industry and can begin assuming responsibility for self-care. Toddlers and preschool-age children do not have the cognitive and psychomotor skills for these tasks. Adolescents should already be well accomplished at self-care.

Cultures have many different childrearing practices. Which culture is known to value the male child more than the female child, and often teaches children to avoid displaying emotion? 1. Mexican 2. Amish 3. Chinese 4. Navajo

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The Chinese culture values the male child more than the female child, and often teaches children to avoid showing emotion. The other cultures do not have this component. 2. The Chinese culture values the male child more than the female child, and often teaches children to avoid showing emotion. The other cultures do not have this component. 3. The Chinese culture values the male child more than the female child, and often teaches children to avoid showing emotion. The other cultures do not have this component. 4. The Chinese culture values the male child more than the female child, and often teaches children to avoid showing emotion. The other cultures do not have this component

Some nursing students are discussing job options. One of the student states that a position as a school nurse sounds interesting. What is an important role of the school nurse? 1. Screening for congenital heart disease 2. Prescribing antibiotics for streptococcal pharyngitis 3. Developing a plan for emergency care of injured children 4. Diagnosing an ear infection

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Screening of students for certain conditions; educating students, teachers, and staff; and developing emergency plans are all roles of the school nurse. Diagnosing acute illness and prescribing medication for a new illness are beyond the scope of practice for the school nurse unless the nurse is licensed as an advance-practice nurse. 2. Screening of students for certain conditions; educating students, teachers, and staff; and developing emergency plans are all roles of the school nurse. Diagnosing acute illness and prescribing medication for a new illness are beyond the scope of practice for the school nurse unless the nurse is licensed as an advance-practice nurse. 3. Screening of students for certain conditions; educating students, teachers, and staff; and developing emergency plans are all roles of the school nurse. Diagnosing acute illness and prescribing medication for a new illness are beyond the scope of practice for the school nurse unless the nurse is licensed as an advance-practice nurse. 4. Screening of students for certain conditions; educating students, teachers, and staff; and developing emergency plans are all roles of the school nurse. Diagnosing acute illness and prescribing medication for a new illness are beyond the scope of practice for the school nurse unless the nurse is licensed as an advance-practice nurse.

The nurse is caring for a child who is in a sickle cell crisis and has severe pain. Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate for this child? 1. Giving comfort measures, such as back rubs 2. Suggesting diversional activities, such as coloring 3. Administering pain medication 4. Preparing the child for painful procedures

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Severe pain requires administration of pain medication for pain relief. Comfort measures and diversional activities are not effective against severe pain in children. Comfort measures should be given to every child and can be used after pain medication is given. A child in severe pain is not capable of participating in or enjoying diversional activities. Preparing the child for painful procedures is not appropriate when the child is already in pain. 2. Severe pain requires administration of pain medication for pain relief. Comfort measures and diversional activities are not effective against severe pain in children. Comfort measures should be given to every child and can be used after pain medication is given. A child in severe pain is not capable of participating in or enjoying diversional activities. Preparing the child for painful procedures is not appropriate when the child is already in pain. 3. Severe pain requires administration of pain medication for pain relief. Comfort measures and diversional activities are not effective against severe pain in children. Comfort measures should be given to every child and can be used after pain medication is given. A child in severe pain is not capable of participating in or enjoying diversional activities. Preparing the child for painful procedures is not appropriate when the child is already in pain. 4. Severe pain requires administration of pain medication for pain relief. Comfort measures and diversional activities are not effective against severe pain in children. Comfort measures should be given to every child and can be used after pain medication is given. A child in severe pain is not capable of participating in or enjoying diversional activities. Preparing the child for painful procedures is not appropriate when the child is already in pain.

) A school-age child diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse to recommend an exercise activity. Which activity is most appropriate for this child? 1. Softball 2. Football 3. Swimming 4. Basketball

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Swimming helps to exercise all of the extremities without putting undue stress on joints. Softball, football, and basketball could exacerbate joint discomfort. 2. Swimming helps to exercise all of the extremities without putting undue stress on joints. Softball, football, and basketball could exacerbate joint discomfort. 3. Swimming helps to exercise all of the extremities without putting undue stress on joints. Softball, football, and basketball could exacerbate joint discomfort. 4. Swimming helps to exercise all of the extremities without putting undue stress on joints. Softball, football, and basketball could exacerbate joint discomfort

A child has been admitted to the hospital unit in congestive heart failure (CHF). Which symptom would the nurse anticipate upon assessment of the child? 1. Weight loss 2. Bradycardia 3. Tachycardia 4. Increased blood pressure

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Tachycardia is a sign of congestive heart failure because the heart attempts to improve cardiac output by beating faster. Bradycardia is a serious sign and can indicate impending cardiac arrest. Blood pressure does not increase in CHF, and the weight, instead of decreasing, increases because of retention of fluids. 2. Tachycardia is a sign of congestive heart failure because the heart attempts to improve cardiac output by beating faster. Bradycardia is a serious sign and can indicate impending cardiac arrest. Blood pressure does not increase in CHF, and the weight, instead of decreasing, increases because of retention of fluids. 3. Tachycardia is a sign of congestive heart failure because the heart attempts to improve cardiac output by beating faster. Bradycardia is a serious sign and can indicate impending cardiac arrest. Blood pressure does not increase in CHF, and the weight, instead of decreasing, increases because of retention of fluids. 4. Tachycardia is a sign of congestive heart failure because the heart attempts to improve cardiac output by beating faster. Bradycardia is a serious sign and can indicate impending cardiac arrest. Blood pressure does not increase in CHF, and the weight, instead of decreasing, increases because of retention of fluids.

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client has the highest risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity? 1. 30-week-gestation infant who was in an Oxy-Hood for 12 hours and weighed 1800 g. 2. 32-week-gestation infant who needed no oxygen and weighed 1850 g. 3. 28-week-gestation infant who has been on long-term oxygen and weighed 1400 g. 4. 28-week-gestation infant who was on short-term oxygen and weighed 1420 g

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The 28-week-gestation infant on oxygen weighing 1400 g has the highest risk of retinopathy of prematurity because of gestational age (28 weeks or less), weight (less than 1500 g), and oxygen therapy. The other neonates have fewer risk factors. 2. The 28-week-gestation infant on oxygen weighing 1400 g has the highest risk of retinopathy of prematurity because of gestational age (28 weeks or less), weight (less than 1500 g), and oxygen therapy. The other neonates have fewer risk factors. 3. The 28-week-gestation infant on oxygen weighing 1400 g has the highest risk of retinopathy of prematurity because of gestational age (28 weeks or less), weight (less than 1500 g), and oxygen therapy. The other neonates have fewer risk factors. 4. The 28-week-gestation infant on oxygen weighing 1400 g has the highest risk of retinopathy of prematurity because of gestational age (28 weeks or less), weight (less than 1500 g), and oxygen therapy. The other neonates have fewer risk factors.

A family desires genetic testing for their adolescent. What response by the clinic nurse is appropriate? 1. "The child is a minor and cannot give consent." 2. "It is not advisable because insurance does not pay for this test." 3. "Let me discuss this with the adolescent and then we can discuss it more fully." 4. "There is a chance the adolescent might be discriminated against because of the test."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The adolescent is old enough to understand the pros and cons of testing. It would be advisable to discuss the matter with the adolescent and then more fully with the parents. That the minor is not able to give consent is true, but this answer cuts off discussion and is not appropriate. Insurance and discrimination can play a role in the decision, but still are not the appropriate answers because they do not address the issue of the request for testing. 2. The adolescent is old enough to understand the pros and cons of testing. It would be advisable to discuss the matter with the adolescent and then more fully with the parents. That the minor is not able to give consent is true, but this answer cuts off discussion and is not appropriate. Insurance and discrimination can play a role in the decision, but still are not the appropriate answers because they do not address the issue of the request for testing. 3. The adolescent is old enough to understand the pros and cons of testing. It would be advisable to discuss the matter with the adolescent and then more fully with the parents. That the minor is not able to give consent is true, but this answer cuts off discussion and is not appropriate. Insurance and discrimination can play a role in the decision, but still are not the appropriate answers because they do not address the issue of the request for testing. 4. The adolescent is old enough to understand the pros and cons of testing. It would be advisable to discuss the matter with the adolescent and then more fully with the parents. That the minor is not able to give consent is true, but this answer cuts off discussion and is not appropriate. Insurance and discrimination can play a role in the decision, but still are not the appropriate answers because they do not address the issue of the request for testing

A new mother is worried about a "soft spot" on the top of her newborn infant's head. The nurse informs her that this is a normal physical finding called the anterior fontanel. At what age will the nurse educate the mother that the soft spot will close? 1. 2 to 3 months of age 2. 6 to 9 months of age 3. 12 to 18 months of age 4. Approximately 2 years of age

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The anterior fontanel is located at the top of the head and is the opening at the intersection of the suture lines. As the infant grows, the suture lines begin to fuse, and the anterior fontanel closes at 12 to 18 months of age. 2. The anterior fontanel is located at the top of the head and is the opening at the intersection of the suture lines. As the infant grows, the suture lines begin to fuse, and the anterior fontanel closes at 12 to 18 months of age. 3. The anterior fontanel is located at the top of the head and is the opening at the intersection of the suture lines. As the infant grows, the suture lines begin to fuse, and the anterior fontanel closes at 12 to 18 months of age. 4. The anterior fontanel is located at the top of the head and is the opening at the intersection of the suture lines. As the infant grows, the suture lines begin to fuse, and the anterior fontanel closes at 12 to 18 months of age.

A nurse observes the parent/child interaction during the 4-year-old well-child checkup and notes that the parent speaks harshly to the child and uses negative remarks when speaking with the nurse. Which statement by the nurse would be most beneficial? 1. "Perhaps you should leave the room so that I can speak with your child privately." 2. "I am going to refer you for counseling since your interactions with your child seem so negative." 3. "Let's talk privately. Let's discuss the way you speak with your child and possible ways to be more positive." 4. Addressing the child, the nurse says, "Are you unhappy when Mommy talks to you like this?"

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The best approach to this encounter would be for the nurse to discuss concerns with the parent privately, since the nurse wants to help the parent develop a good relationship with the child. The child should not be a part of this conversation. Because the child is only 4 years old, it would be difficult to ask the parent to leave the room. If the nurse also wants to speak alone with the child, the nurse perhaps would escort the child to another area and speak briefly with the child. Referring to counseling without a discussion with the parent is not appropriate. The nurse should not ask the child if she is "unhappy" with the parent. 2. The best approach to this encounter would be for the nurse to discuss concerns with the parent privately, since the nurse wants to help the parent develop a good relationship with the child. The child should not be a part of this conversation. Because the child is only 4 years old, it would be difficult to ask the parent to leave the room. If the nurse also wants to speak alone with the child, the nurse perhaps would escort the child to another area and speak briefly with the child. Referring to counseling without a discussion with the parent is not appropriate. The nurse should not ask the child if she is "unhappy" with the parent. 3. The best approach to this encounter would be for the nurse to discuss concerns with the parent privately, since the nurse wants to help the parent develop a good relationship with the child. The child should not be a part of this conversation. Because the child is only 4 years old, it would be difficult to ask the parent to leave the room. If the nurse also wants to speak alone with the child, the nurse perhaps would escort the child to another area and speak briefly with the child. Referring to counseling without a discussion with the parent is not appropriate. The nurse should not ask the child if she is "unhappy" with the parent. 4. The best approach to this encounter would be for the nurse to discuss concerns with the parent privately, since the nurse wants to help the parent develop a good relationship with the child. The child should not be a part of this conversation. Because the child is only 4 years old, it would be difficult to ask the parent to leave the room. If the nurse also wants to speak alone with the child, the nurse perhaps would escort the child to another area and speak briefly with the child. Referring to counseling without a discussion with the parent is not appropriate. The nurse should not ask the child if she is "unhappy" with the parent.

A mother of a school-age client who recently had surgery for the removal of tonsils and adenoids complains that the child has begun sucking his thumb again. Which coping mechanisms is the child using to cope with the surgery and hospitalization? 1. Repression 2. Rationalization 3. Regression 4. Fantasy

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The correct answer is regression, which is a return to an earlier behavior. Repression is the involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations, rationalization is an attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable, and fantasy is a creation of the mind to help deal with an unacceptable fear. 2. The correct answer is regression, which is a return to an earlier behavior. Repression is the involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations, rationalization is an attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable, and fantasy is a creation of the mind to help deal with an unacceptable fear. 3. The correct answer is regression, which is a return to an earlier behavior. Repression is the involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations, rationalization is an attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable, and fantasy is a creation of the mind to help deal with an unacceptable fear. 4. The correct answer is regression, which is a return to an earlier behavior. Repression is the involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations, rationalization is an attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable, and fantasy is a creation of the mind to help deal with an unacceptable fear.

The nurse notes some dysmorphic facial features when examining a toddler in the well-child clinic. Which measurement taken by the nurse would not be considered when looking at dysmorphic facial features? 1. Interpupillary distance 2. Intercanthal distance 3. The distance from the outer canthus to the pinna 4. Outer cantus distance

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The distance from the outer canthus to the pinna does not apply to the face. The other measurements would be necessary when evaluating facial dysmorphic features. 2. The distance from the outer canthus to the pinna does not apply to the face. The other measurements would be necessary when evaluating facial dysmorphic features. 3. The distance from the outer canthus to the pinna does not apply to the face. The other measurements would be necessary when evaluating facial dysmorphic features. 4. The distance from the outer canthus to the pinna does not apply to the face. The other measurements would be necessary when evaluating facial dysmorphic features.

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate when providing education to the pediatric client and family? 1. Giving primary care for high-risk children who are in hospital settings 2. Giving primary care for healthy children 3. Working toward the goal of informed choices with the family 4. Obtaining a physician consultation for any technical procedures at delivery

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The educator works with the family toward the goal of making informed choices through education and explanation. 2. The educator works with the family toward the goal of making informed choices through education and explanation. 3. The educator works with the family toward the goal of making informed choices through education and explanation. 4. The educator works with the family toward the goal of making informed choices through education and explanation

During a well-child physical, an adolescent female has a normal history and physical except for an excessive amount of tooth enamel erosion, a greater-than-normal number of filled cavities, and calluses on the back of her hand. Her body mass index is in the 50th to 75th percentile for her age. Which disorder is the nurse concerned about based on the assessment findings? 1. Anorexia nervosa 2. Kwashiorkor 3. Bulimia nervosa 4. Marasmus.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The erosion of tooth enamel, dental caries, and calluses on the back of her hand all most likely are due to frequent vomiting of gastric acids, which is common with bulimia nervosa as part of a binge-purge cycle. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where adolescents literally starve themselves to prevent weight gain; they also exercise excessively and use laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Anorexia usually manifests as extreme weight loss and an obsession with food. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency, usually from malnutrition, that manifests as generalized edema. Marasmus is a lack of energy-producing calories that can be seen in anorexia, and this causes emaciation, decreased energy levels, and retarded development. 2. The erosion of tooth enamel, dental caries, and calluses on the back of her hand all most likely are due to frequent vomiting of gastric acids, which is common with bulimia nervosa as part of a binge-purge cycle. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where adolescents literally starve themselves to prevent weight gain; they also exercise excessively and use laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Anorexia usually manifests as extreme weight loss and an obsession with food. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency, usually from malnutrition, that manifests as generalized edema. Marasmus is a lack of energy-producing calories that can be seen in anorexia, and this causes emaciation, decreased energy levels, and retarded development. 3. The erosion of tooth enamel, dental caries, and calluses on the back of her hand all most likely are due to frequent vomiting of gastric acids, which is common with bulimia nervosa as part of a binge-purge cycle. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where adolescents literally starve themselves to prevent weight gain; they also exercise excessively and use laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Anorexia usually manifests as extreme weight loss and an obsession with food. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency, usually from malnutrition, that manifests as generalized edema. Marasmus is a lack of energy-producing calories that can be seen in anorexia, and this causes emaciation, decreased energy levels, and retarded development. 4. The erosion of tooth enamel, dental caries, and calluses on the back of her hand all most likely are due to frequent vomiting of gastric acids, which is common with bulimia nervosa as part of a binge-purge cycle. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where adolescents literally starve themselves to prevent weight gain; they also exercise excessively and use laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Anorexia usually manifests as extreme weight loss and an obsession with food. Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency, usually from malnutrition, that manifests as generalized edema. Marasmus is a lack of energy-producing calories that can be seen in anorexia, and this causes emaciation, decreased energy levels, and retarded development

Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate prior to giving an intramuscular injection to a 2-1/2-year-old child? 1. "We will give you your shot when your mommy comes back." 2. "This is medicine that will make you better. First we will hold your leg, then I will wipe it off with this magic cloth that kills the germs on your leg right here, then I will hold the needle like this and say 'one, two, three . . . go' and give you your shot. Are you ready?" 3. "It is all right to cry, I know that this hurts. After we are done you can go to the box and pick out your favorite sticker." 4. "This is a magic sword that will give you your medicine and make you all better."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The most appropriate response would be to acknowledge the child's feelings and give her something to look forward to (picking out a sticker). Waiting for the mother to come back would be inappropriate because toddlers do not have an understanding of time. Giving elaborate descriptions and using colorful language are inappropriate. The instructions should not end with a "are you ready" statement because the toddler will say no. You also don't want to frighten and/or confuse the child by using statements such as use of a magic sword. 2. The most appropriate response would be to acknowledge the child's feelings and give her something to look forward to (picking out a sticker). Waiting for the mother to come back would be inappropriate because toddlers do not have an understanding of time. Giving elaborate descriptions and using colorful language are inappropriate. The instructions should not end with a "are you ready" statement because the toddler will say no. You also don't want to frighten and/or confuse the child by using statements such as use of a magic sword. 3. The most appropriate response would be to acknowledge the child's feelings and give her something to look forward to (picking out a sticker). Waiting for the mother to come back would be inappropriate because toddlers do not have an understanding of time. Giving elaborate descriptions and using colorful language are inappropriate. The instructions should not end with a "are you ready" statement because the toddler will say no. You also don't want to frighten and/or confuse the child by using statements such as use of a magic sword. 4. The most appropriate response would be to acknowledge the child's feelings and give her something to look forward to (picking out a sticker). Waiting for the mother to come back would be inappropriate because toddlers do not have an understanding of time. Giving elaborate descriptions and using colorful language are inappropriate. The instructions should not end with a "are you ready" statement because the toddler will say no. You also don't want to frighten and/or confuse the child by using statements such as use of a magic sword

) A nurse in the outpatient pediatric clinic is reviewing the records of a preschool-age child and notes that because the parents often miss routine healthcare visits the child has not received the second measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate in this situation? 1. Speak firmly with the parents about the importance of being compliant. 2. Notify the physician that the child's immunizations are no longer up to date. 3. Call the parents and encourage them to bring the child for recommended care. 4. Plan to discuss the principles of health supervision at the next scheduled visit.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The nurse in the pediatric healthcare setting is responsible for reviewing the health supervision of the child. Partnering with the parents and encouraging the parents to follow health-supervision guidelines are the best strategies to use. Speaking firmly with the parents about compliance will alienate the parents at this time. A discussion of the principles of health supervision without an intervention at this visit would mean a delay in needed healthcare for the child in this example. Discussing with the physician that the immunizations are not up to date is not necessary in an outpatient clinic. Immunizations are given per schedule. 2. The nurse in the pediatric healthcare setting is responsible for reviewing the health supervision of the child. Partnering with the parents and encouraging the parents to follow health-supervision guidelines are the best strategies to use. Speaking firmly with the parents about compliance will alienate the parents at this time. A discussion of the principles of health supervision without an intervention at this visit would mean a delay in needed healthcare for the child in this example. Discussing with the physician that the immunizations are not up to date is not necessary in an outpatient clinic. Immunizations are given per schedule. 3. The nurse in the pediatric healthcare setting is responsible for reviewing the health supervision of the child. Partnering with the parents and encouraging the parents to follow health-supervision guidelines are the best strategies to use. Speaking firmly with the parents about compliance will alienate the parents at this time. A discussion of the principles of health supervision without an intervention at this visit would mean a delay in needed healthcare for the child in this example. Discussing with the physician that the immunizations are not up to date is not necessary in an outpatient clinic. Immunizations are given per schedule. 4. The nurse in the pediatric healthcare setting is responsible for reviewing the health supervision of the child. Partnering with the parents and encouraging the parents to follow health-supervision guidelines are the best strategies to use. Speaking firmly with the parents about compliance will alienate the parents at this time. A discussion of the principles of health supervision without an intervention at this visit would mean a delay in needed healthcare for the child in this example. Discussing with the physician that the immunizations are not up to date is not necessary in an outpatient clinic. Immunizations are given per schedule.

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client and family. The family, which consists of two parents and 4 children, live in a one-bedroom apartment. The father recently lost his job and the mother stays at home with the children. Which community resources would most benefit this family? Select all that apply. 1. Play groups 2. Parenting programs 3. Social services programs 4. Job skills training 5. Respite care

Answer: 3, 4 Explanation: 1. This family is currently living in a one-bedroom apartment and the sole income earner recently lost his job. This family would most benefit from social services programs for monetary assistance and job skills training which would allow the parents to learn a trade and become employed. Play groups, parenting programs, and respite care are not applicable to this family's situation. 2. This family is currently living in a one-bedroom apartment and the sole income earner recently lost his job. This family would most benefit from social services programs for monetary assistance and job skills training which would allow the parents to learn a trade and become employed. Play groups, parenting programs, and respite care are not applicable to this family's situation. 3. This family is currently living in a one-bedroom apartment and the sole income earner recently lost his job. This family would most benefit from social services programs for monetary assistance and job skills training which would allow the parents to learn a trade and become employed. Play groups, parenting programs, and respite care are not applicable to this family's situation. 4. This family is currently living in a one-bedroom apartment and the sole income earner recently lost his job. This family would most benefit from social services programs for monetary assistance and job skills training which would allow the parents to learn a trade and become employed. Play groups, parenting programs, and respite care are not applicable to this family's situation. 5. This family is currently living in a one-bedroom apartment and the sole income earner recently lost his job. This family would most benefit from social services programs for monetary assistance and job skills training which would allow the parents to learn a trade and become employed. Play groups, parenting programs, and respite care are not applicable to this family's situation.

An obese adolescent who adamantly denies sexual activity has a positive pregnancy test, which was performed in the adolescent clinic. Which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate in this situation? 1. "Tell me how you feel about your body image." 2. "When was your last menstrual period (LMP)?" 3. "Let's discuss some activities that you have done within the past few months that could possibly lead to pregnancy." 4. "Were you involved in a date rape and are you hesitant to speak about it?"

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The nurse must help the adolescent realize that previous behaviors have led to a positive pregnancy test. The only response by the nurse that will accomplish this goal is for the nurse to ask a direct question in which the nurse and client search for an answer. 2. The nurse must help the adolescent realize that previous behaviors have led to a positive pregnancy test. The only response by the nurse that will accomplish this goal is for the nurse to ask a direct question in which the nurse and client search for an answer. 3. The nurse must help the adolescent realize that previous behaviors have led to a positive pregnancy test. The only response by the nurse that will accomplish this goal is for the nurse to ask a direct question in which the nurse and client search for an answer. 4. The nurse must help the adolescent realize that previous behaviors have led to a positive pregnancy test. The only response by the nurse that will accomplish this goal is for the nurse to ask a direct question in which the nurse and client search for an answer.

The community health nurse is assessing several families for various strengths and needs in regard to after-school and backup childcare arrangements. Which family type will benefit the most from this assessment and subsequent interventions? 1. The binuclear family 2. The extended family 3. The single-parent family 4. The traditional nuclear family

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. The single-parent family most typically lacks social, emotional, and financial resources. Nursing considerations for such families should include referrals to options that will enable the parent to fulfill work commitments while providing the child with access to resources that can support the child's growth and development. The binuclear family, the extended family, and the traditional nuclear family generally have at least two adults who can share in the care and the nurturing of its children. 2. The single-parent family most typically lacks social, emotional, and financial resources. Nursing considerations for such families should include referrals to options that will enable the parent to fulfill work commitments while providing the child with access to resources that can support the child's growth and development. The binuclear family, the extended family, and the traditional nuclear family generally have at least two adults who can share in the care and the nurturing of its children. 3. The single-parent family most typically lacks social, emotional, and financial resources. Nursing considerations for such families should include referrals to options that will enable the parent to fulfill work commitments while providing the child with access to resources that can support the child's growth and development. The binuclear family, the extended family, and the traditional nuclear family generally have at least two adults who can share in the care and the nurturing of its children. 4. The single-parent family most typically lacks social, emotional, and financial resources. Nursing considerations for such families should include referrals to options that will enable the parent to fulfill work commitments while providing the child with access to resources that can support the child's growth and development. The binuclear family, the extended family, and the traditional nuclear family generally have at least two adults who can share in the care and the nurturing of its children.

While assessing a 10-month-old African American infant, the nurse notices that the sclerae have a yellowish tint. Which organ system should the nurse further evaluate to determine an ongoing disease process? 1. Cardiac 2. Respiratory 3. Gastrointestinal 4. Genitourinary

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. This infant's sclerae are showing signs of jaundice, which most likely is secondary to a failure or malfunction of the liver in the gastrointestinal system. Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes is generally a sign of problems with the cardiac and/or respiratory system. Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes could be a sign of dehydration, and edema could be a sign of fluid overload. Both of these conditions could be secondary to problems with functioning of the genitourinary system. 2. This infant's sclerae are showing signs of jaundice, which most likely is secondary to a failure or malfunction of the liver in the gastrointestinal system. Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes is generally a sign of problems with the cardiac and/or respiratory system. Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes could be a sign of dehydration, and edema could be a sign of fluid overload. Both of these conditions could be secondary to problems with functioning of the genitourinary system. 3. This infant's sclerae are showing signs of jaundice, which most likely is secondary to a failure or malfunction of the liver in the gastrointestinal system. Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes is generally a sign of problems with the cardiac and/or respiratory system. Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes could be a sign of dehydration, and edema could be a sign of fluid overload. Both of these conditions could be secondary to problems with functioning of the genitourinary system. 4. This infant's sclerae are showing signs of jaundice, which most likely is secondary to a failure or malfunction of the liver in the gastrointestinal system. Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes is generally a sign of problems with the cardiac and/or respiratory system. Tenting of the skin and dry mucous membranes could be a sign of dehydration, and edema could be a sign of fluid overload. Both of these conditions could be secondary to problems with functioning of the genitourinary system.

) A social service coordinator is consulted to arrange for a phototherapy blanket at discharge for an infant/family with multiple social difficulties. Which social difficulty is more than likely to have the greatest influence on discharge? 1. Cultural practices and rituals 2. Financial difficulties 3. The family is homeless 4. The family does not have a healthcare provider 5. Religious beliefs

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. This is not the greatest influence on discharge. The greatest impact on discharge is the fact that the family is homeless, all other aspects of care depend on homelessness. 2. This is not the greatest influence on discharge. The greatest impact on discharge is the fact that the family is homeless, all other aspects of care depend on homelessness. 3. The greatest impact on discharge is the fact that the family is homeless, all other aspects of care depend on homelessness. 4. This is not the greatest influence on discharge. The greatest impact on discharge is the fact that the family is homeless, all other aspects of care depend on homelessness. 5. This is not the greatest influence on discharge. The greatest impact on discharge is the fact that the family is homeless, all other aspects of care depend on homelessness.

The mother of a toddler is concerned because her child does not seem interested in eating. The child is drinking 5 to 6 cups of whole milk per day and one cup of fruit juice. When the weight-to-height percentile is calculated, the child is in the 90th to 95th percentile. What is the best advice the nurse can provide to the mother? 1. Eliminate the fruit juice from the child's diet. 2. Offer healthy snacks, presented in a creative manner, and let the child choose what he wants to eat without pressure from the parents. 3. Change from whole milk to 2 percent milk and decrease milk consumption to three to four cups per day and the fruit juice to a half cup per day, offering water if the child is still thirsty in between. 4. Make sure that the child is getting adequate opportunities for exercise, as this will increase his appetite and help lower the child's weight-to-height percentile.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Toddlers require a maximum of about 1 L of milk per day. This toddler is consuming most of his or her calories from the milk and thus is not hungry. The high fat content of the milk and the high sugar content of the fruit juice are also contributing to the child's higher weight-to-height percentile. Decreasing the amount and fat content of the milk and decreasing the intake of fruit juice will decrease calories and thus make the child hungry for other foods. The other advice is also appropriate but did not address the problem of excessive milk consumption. 2. Toddlers require a maximum of about 1 L of milk per day. This toddler is consuming most of his or her calories from the milk and thus is not hungry. The high fat content of the milk and the high sugar content of the fruit juice are also contributing to the child's higher weight-to-height percentile. Decreasing the amount and fat content of the milk and decreasing the intake of fruit juice will decrease calories and thus make the child hungry for other foods. The other advice is also appropriate but did not address the problem of excessive milk consumption. 3. Toddlers require a maximum of about 1 L of milk per day. This toddler is consuming most of his or her calories from the milk and thus is not hungry. The high fat content of the milk and the high sugar content of the fruit juice are also contributing to the child's higher weight-to-height percentile. Decreasing the amount and fat content of the milk and decreasing the intake of fruit juice will decrease calories and thus make the child hungry for other foods. The other advice is also appropriate but did not address the problem of excessive milk consumption. 4. Toddlers require a maximum of about 1 L of milk per day. This toddler is consuming most of his or her calories from the milk and thus is not hungry. The high fat content of the milk and the high sugar content of the fruit juice are also contributing to the child's higher weight-to-height percentile. Decreasing the amount and fat content of the milk and decreasing the intake of fruit juice will decrease calories and thus make the child hungry for other foods. The other advice is also appropriate but did not address the problem of excessive milk consumption

The parents of an 8-year-old state that their son seems very interested in trying new activities. When the parents ask for suggested activities for this age child, the nurse recommends scouts as an activity that will foster growth and development. In which stage of Erikson's "psychosocial stages of development" is this child? 1. Trust versus mistrust 2. Initiative versus guilt 3. Industry versus inferiority 4. Identity versus role confusion

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)—The task of the first year of life is to establish trust in the people providing care. Trust is fostered by provision of food, clean clothing, touch, and comfort. If basic needs are not met, the infant will eventually learn to mistrust others. Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)—The young child initiates new activities and considers new ideas. This interest in exploring the world creates a child who is involved and busy. Constant criticism, on the other hand, leads to feelings of guilt and a lack of purpose. Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)—In adolescence, as the body matures and thought processes become more complex, a new sense of identity or self is established. The self, family, peer group, and community are all examined and redefined. The adolescent who is unable to establish a meaningful definition of self will experience confusion in one or more roles of life. Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)—The middle years of childhood are characterized by development of new interests and by involvement in activities. The child takes pride in accomplishments in sports, school, home, and community. If the child cannot accomplish what is expected, however, the result will be a sense of inferiority. 2. Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)—The task of the first year of life is to establish trust in the people providing care. Trust is fostered by provision of food, clean clothing, touch, and comfort. If basic needs are not met, the infant will eventually learn to mistrust others. Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)—The young child initiates new activities and considers new ideas. This interest in exploring the world creates a child who is involved and busy. Constant criticism, on the other hand, leads to feelings of guilt and a lack of purpose. Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)—In adolescence, as the body matures and thought processes become more complex, a new sense of identity or self is established. The self, family, peer group, and community are all examined and redefined. The adolescent who is unable to establish a meaningful definition of self will experience confusion in one or more roles of life. Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)—The middle years of childhood are characterized by development of new interests and by involvement in activities. The child takes pride in accomplishments in sports, school, home, and community. If the child cannot accomplish what is expected, however, the result will be a sense of inferiority. 3. Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)—The task of the first year of life is to establish trust in the people providing care. Trust is fostered by provision of food, clean clothing, touch, and comfort. If basic needs are not met, the infant will eventually learn to mistrust others. Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)—The young child initiates new activities and considers new ideas. This interest in exploring the world creates a child who is involved and busy. Constant criticism, on the other hand, leads to feelings of guilt and a lack of purpose. Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)—In adolescence, as the body matures and thought processes become more complex, a new sense of identity or self is established. The self, family, peer group, and community are all examined and redefined. The adolescent who is unable to establish a meaningful definition of self will experience confusion in one or more roles of life. Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)—The middle years of childhood are characterized by development of new interests and by involvement in activities. The child takes pride in accomplishments in sports, school, home, and community. If the child cannot accomplish what is expected, however, the result will be a sense of inferiority. 4. Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)—The task of the first year of life is to establish trust in the people providing care. Trust is fostered by provision of food, clean clothing, touch, and comfort. If basic needs are not met, the infant will eventually learn to mistrust others. Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)—The young child initiates new activities and considers new ideas. This interest in exploring the world creates a child who is involved and busy. Constant criticism, on the other hand, leads to feelings of guilt and a lack of purpose. Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)—In adolescence, as the body matures and thought processes become more complex, a new sense of identity or self is established. The self, family, peer group, and community are all examined and redefined. The adolescent who is unable to establish a meaningful definition of self will experience confusion in one or more roles of life. Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)—The middle years of childhood are characterized by development of new interests and by involvement in activities. The child takes pride in accomplishments in sports, school, home, and community. If the child cannot accomplish what is expected, however, the result will be a sense of inferiority.

A 1-month-old client is admitted to the emergency room with severe diarrhea. Which assessment suggests the client is severely dehydrated? 1. Skin moist and flushed; mucous membranes dry 2. Low specific gravity of urine; skin color pale 3. Fontanels depressed; capillary refill greater than three seconds 4. High specific gravity of urine; moist mucous membranes

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Two signs of severe dehydration are depressed fontanels and capillary refill time greater than three seconds. Moist, flushed skin; moist mucous membranes; and low specific gravity of urine are not signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes and pale skin color are signs of mild dehydration, not severe. 2. Two signs of severe dehydration are depressed fontanels and capillary refill time greater than three seconds. Moist, flushed skin; moist mucous membranes; and low specific gravity of urine are not signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes and pale skin color are signs of mild dehydration, not severe. 3. Two signs of severe dehydration are depressed fontanels and capillary refill time greater than three seconds. Moist, flushed skin; moist mucous membranes; and low specific gravity of urine are not signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes and pale skin color are signs of mild dehydration, not severe. 4. Two signs of severe dehydration are depressed fontanels and capillary refill time greater than three seconds. Moist, flushed skin; moist mucous membranes; and low specific gravity of urine are not signs of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes and pale skin color are signs of mild dehydration, not severe

A high school student calls to ask the nurse for advice on how to care for a new navel piercing. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Apply warm soaks to the area for the first two days to minimize swelling." 2. "Do not move or turn the jewelry for the first 3 days." 3. "Avoid contact with another person's bodily fluids until the area is well healed." 4. "Apply lotion to the area, rubbing gently, to prevent skin from becoming dry and irritated."

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Until the piercing has healed, it is a nonintact area of skin that has potential for infection, especially from contact with bodily fluids from someone else. Ice, not warm soaks, should be applied to the area for the first two days to minimize the swelling. The jewelry needs to be gently rotated several times per day to aid with healing. Lotion can provide a medium for bacteria, and rubbing at the site can cause irritation to the area. 2. Until the piercing has healed, it is a nonintact area of skin that has potential for infection, especially from contact with bodily fluids from someone else. Ice, not warm soaks, should be applied to the area for the first two days to minimize the swelling. The jewelry needs to be gently rotated several times per day to aid with healing. Lotion can provide a medium for bacteria, and rubbing at the site can cause irritation to the area. 3. Until the piercing has healed, it is a nonintact area of skin that has potential for infection, especially from contact with bodily fluids from someone else. Ice, not warm soaks, should be applied to the area for the first two days to minimize the swelling. The jewelry needs to be gently rotated several times per day to aid with healing. Lotion can provide a medium for bacteria, and rubbing at the site can cause irritation to the area. 4. Until the piercing has healed, it is a nonintact area of skin that has potential for infection, especially from contact with bodily fluids from someone else. Ice, not warm soaks, should be applied to the area for the first two days to minimize the swelling. The jewelry needs to be gently rotated several times per day to aid with healing. Lotion can provide a medium for bacteria, and rubbing at the site can cause irritation to the area.

) At a routine healthcare visit, a nurse measures a toddler and plots the height and weight on the growth charts. The nurse documents that the toddler is above the 95th percentile for weight and is at the 5th percentile for height. How should the nurse interpret these data? 1. The toddler is proportionate for the age. 2. The toddler needs to eat more at each feeding. 3. The height and weight are disproportionate, and the toddler needs further evaluation. 4. The family is most likely short.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Usually height and weight are at approximately the same percentile. When the weight of a child is found to be at the 95th percentile, the child's height is also greater than the 50th percentile. The height and weight for the child described in this question are a concern, and the child may need further endocrine testing. 2. Usually height and weight are at approximately the same percentile. When the weight of a child is found to be at the 95th percentile, the child's height is also greater than the 50th percentile. The height and weight for the child described in this question are a concern, and the child may need further endocrine testing. 3. Usually height and weight are at approximately the same percentile. When the weight of a child is found to be at the 95th percentile, the child's height is also greater than the 50th percentile. The height and weight for the child described in this question are a concern, and the child may need further endocrine testing. 4. Usually height and weight are at approximately the same percentile. When the weight of a child is found to be at the 95th percentile, the child's height is also greater than the 50th percentile. The height and weight for the child described in this question are a concern, and the child may need further endocrine testing.

A toddler recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder will be discharged home on an anticonvulsant. Which action by the mother best demonstrates understanding of how to give the medication? 1. Verbalizing how to give the medication 2. Acknowledging understanding of written instructions 3. Drawing up the medication correctly in an oral syringe and administering it to the child 4. Observing the nurse draw up the medication and administering it to the child.

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Verbalization of how to give the medication and acknowledging understanding of written instructions are methods that might be used, but they do not actually demonstrate understanding. Observing the nurse draw up and administer the medication may be used in the teaching process. The best way for the mother to demonstrate understanding is to actually draw up and give the medication. 2. Verbalization of how to give the medication and acknowledging understanding of written instructions are methods that might be used, but they do not actually demonstrate understanding. Observing the nurse draw up and administer the medication may be used in the teaching process. The best way for the mother to demonstrate understanding is to actually draw up and give the medication. 3. Verbalization of how to give the medication and acknowledging understanding of written instructions are methods that might be used, but they do not actually demonstrate understanding. Observing the nurse draw up and administer the medication may be used in the teaching process. The best way for the mother to demonstrate understanding is to actually draw up and give the medication. 4. Verbalization of how to give the medication and acknowledging understanding of written instructions are methods that might be used, but they do not actually demonstrate understanding. Observing the nurse draw up and administer the medication may be used in the teaching process. The best way for the mother to demonstrate understanding is to actually draw up and give the medication.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a school-age client who was recently diagnosed with a latex allergy. Which product will the nurse educate the client and family to avoid? 1. Plastic bottles 2. Footballs 3. Chewing gum 4. Paper bags

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. When a child is diagnosed with a latex allergy, it is essential for the nurse to educate both the child and the family regarding sources of latex within the home and the community. The child and family should be educated to avoid chewing gum as it contains latex. The other items do not contain latex and do not pose a risk for this child in the community. 2. When a child is diagnosed with a latex allergy, it is essential for the nurse to educate both the child and the family regarding sources of latex within the home and the community. The child and family should be educated to avoid chewing gum as it contains latex. The other items do not contain latex and do not pose a risk for this child in the community. 3. When a child is diagnosed with a latex allergy, it is essential for the nurse to educate both the child and the family regarding sources of latex within the home and the community. The child and family should be educated to avoid chewing gum as it contains latex. The other items do not contain latex and do not pose a risk for this child in the community. 4. When a child is diagnosed with a latex allergy, it is essential for the nurse to educate both the child and the family regarding sources of latex within the home and the community. The child and family should be educated to avoid chewing gum as it contains latex. The other items do not contain latex and do not pose a risk for this child in the community.

A child is being discharged from the hospital after a 3-week stay following a motor vehicle accident. The mother expresses concern about caring for the child's wounds at home. She has demonstrated appropriate technique with medication administration and wound care. Which nursing diagnosis is the priority in this situation? 1. Knowledge Deficit of Home Care 2. Altered Family Processes Related to Hospitalization 3. Parental Anxiety Related to Care of the Child at Home 4. Risk for Infection Related to Presence of Healing Wounds

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. While all of the diagnoses might have been appropriate at some point, the current focus is the mother's anxiety about caring for the child at home. The priority of the nurse is relieving this anxiety. 2. While all of the diagnoses might have been appropriate at some point, the current focus is the mother's anxiety about caring for the child at home. The priority of the nurse is relieving this anxiety. 3. While all of the diagnoses might have been appropriate at some point, the current focus is the mother's anxiety about caring for the child at home. The priority of the nurse is relieving this anxiety. 4. While all of the diagnoses might have been appropriate at some point, the current focus is the mother's anxiety about caring for the child at home. The priority of the nurse is relieving this anxiety.

Which aspect of an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is most indicative that EMS providers are prepared to provide emergency care to children? 1. Placement of small stretchers in emergency vehicles 2. Lists of hospitals in the area that treat children 3. Staff education related to assessment and treatment of children of all ages 4. Pediatric-sized equipment and supplies

Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. While size-appropriate equipment and lists of hospitals that treat children are essential parts of an EMS system, the aspect that is most indicative that EMS providers are actually prepared to take care of children is evidence of education related to assessment and emergency treatment. 2. While size-appropriate equipment and lists of hospitals that treat children are essential parts of an EMS system, the aspect that is most indicative that EMS providers are actually prepared to take care of children is evidence of education related to assessment and emergency treatment. 3. While size-appropriate equipment and lists of hospitals that treat children are essential parts of an EMS system, the aspect that is most indicative that EMS providers are actually prepared to take care of children is evidence of education related to assessment and emergency treatment. 4. While size-appropriate equipment and lists of hospitals that treat children are essential parts of an EMS system, the aspect that is most indicative that EMS providers are actually prepared to take care of children is evidence of education related to assessment and emergency treatment.

The nurse is caring for the 5-year-old just diagnosed with von Willebrand disease after a tooth extraction with increased bleeding. The family asks the nurse how the signs and symptoms of von Willebrand disease are manifested. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply. 1. Decreased partial thromboplastin time 2. Factor VI deficiency 3. Frequent nosebleeds 4. Bleeding from mucous membranes 5. Frequent bruising

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Characteristic manifestations are prolonged and excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, in children this is exhibited through gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bruising, and minor wounds or lacerations. 2. Characteristic manifestations are prolonged and excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, in children this is exhibited through gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bruising, and minor wounds or lacerations. 3. Characteristic manifestations are prolonged and excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, in children this is exhibited through gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bruising, and minor wounds or lacerations. 4. Characteristic manifestations are prolonged and excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, in children this is exhibited through gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bruising, and minor wounds or lacerations. 5. Characteristic manifestations are prolonged and excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, in children this is exhibited through gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia, bruising, and minor wounds or lacerations.

The student nurse is learning a lesson about communicable diseases and how they are spread. On a quiz the next day the nurse uses the information learned in this lesson and demonstrates learning. For a communicable disease to occur what factors must be in place? Select all that apply. 1. Antibodies 2. Toxoid 3. Pathogen 4. Transmission 5. Hos

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. For a communicable disease to occur, three factors need to be in place: an infectious agent or pathogen, means of transmission, and a host. This is not a factor needed for communicable disease to occur. 2. For a communicable disease to occur, three factors need to be in place: an infectious agent or pathogen, means of transmission, and a host. This is not a factor needed for communicable disease to occur. 3. For a communicable disease to occur, three factors need to be in place: an infectious agent or pathogen, means of transmission, and a host. This is a factor needed for communicable disease to occur. 4. For a communicable disease to occur, three factors need to be in place: an infectious agent or pathogen, means of transmission, and a host. This is a factor needed for communicable disease to occur. 5. For a communicable disease to occur, three factors need to be in place: an infectious agent or pathogen, means of transmission, and a host. This is a factor needed for communicable disease to occur

The nurse is providing care to a school-age client who is admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. Which interventions are appropriate to prepare this client and family for their hospital stay? Select all that apply. 1. A hospital tour 2. A health fair brochure 3. An orientation to the unit 4. An age-appropriate explanation of procedures 5. A child life program consultation

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Interventions that are appropriate for this client and family are those that occur as the result of an unplanned hospital admission. The nurse would orient the client and family to the unit and provide age-appropriate explanation for all procedures. It is also appropriate for the nurse to consult with the child life program. A hospital tour and a health fair brochure are appropriate interventions for a planned hospitalization. 2. Interventions that are appropriate for this client and family are those that occur as the result of an unplanned hospital admission. The nurse would orient the client and family to the unit and provide age-appropriate explanation for all procedures. It is also appropriate for the nurse to consult with the child life program. A hospital tour and a health fair brochure are appropriate interventions for a planned hospitalization. 3. Interventions that are appropriate for this client and family are those that occur as the result of an unplanned hospital admission. The nurse would orient the client and family to the unit and provide age-appropriate explanation for all procedures. It is also appropriate for the nurse to consult with the child life program. A hospital tour and a health fair brochure are appropriate interventions for a planned hospitalization. 4. Interventions that are appropriate for this client and family are those that occur as the result of an unplanned hospital admission. The nurse would orient the client and family to the unit and provide age-appropriate explanation for all procedures. It is also appropriate for the nurse to consult with the child life program. A hospital tour and a health fair brochure are appropriate interventions for a planned hospitalization. 5. Interventions that are appropriate for this client and family are those that occur as the result of an unplanned hospital admission. The nurse would orient the client and family to the unit and provide age-appropriate explanation for all procedures. It is also appropriate for the nurse to consult with the child life program. A hospital tour and a health fair brochure are appropriate interventions for a planned hospitalization.

The nurse is assessing a 14-year-old and notes signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa. Which assessments led the nurse to this conclusion? Select all that apply. 1. Pale skin 2. Dry, splitting hair 3. Erosion of tooth enamel 4. Calluses on back of hand 5. Gum recession

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Pale skin is not a sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa. 2. Dry, splitting hair is not a sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa. 3. Erosion of tooth enamel is a sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa. 4. Calluses on back of hand is a sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa. 5. Gum recession is a sign and symptom of bulimia nervosa.

The nurse educator is presenting a lecture about risks to developmental progression. Which items will the educator include in the lecture? Select all that apply. 1. Family support 2. Access to the Internet 3. Recent loss of employment 4. Terminal illness of a family member 5. Hazards within the home environment

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Risk factors that can inhibit developmental progression include financial problems, stresses and worries, family and job instability, neighborhood and home hazards, and lack of resources. Family support and access to the Internet are both considered protective factors. 2. Risk factors that can inhibit developmental progression include financial problems, stresses and worries, family and job instability, neighborhood and home hazards, and lack of resources. Family support and access to the Internet are both considered protective factors. 3. Risk factors that can inhibit developmental progression include financial problems, stresses and worries, family and job instability, neighborhood and home hazards, and lack of resources. Family support and access to the Internet are both considered protective factors. 4. Risk factors that can inhibit developmental progression include financial problems, stresses and worries, family and job instability, neighborhood and home hazards, and lack of resources. Family support and access to the Internet are both considered protective factors. 5. Risk factors that can inhibit developmental progression include financial problems, stresses and worries, family and job instability, neighborhood and home hazards, and lack of resources. Family support and access to the Internet are both considered protective factors.

The school nurse is trying to prevent the spread of a flu virus through the school. Which infection-control strategies can be employed to prevent the spread of the flu virus? Select all that apply. 1. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage 2. Withholding immunizations for children with compromised immune systems 3. Sanitizing toys, telephones, and door knobs to kill pathogens 4. Separating children with infections from children who are well 5. Teaching children to wash their hands after using the bathroom

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, microorganisms must be killed or their growth controlled. Sanitizing toys and all contact surfaces, separating children with infections, and teaching children to wash their hands all control the growth and spread of microorganisms. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage is another tool to prevent the spread of microorganisms but is not related to the flu virus. Immunizations should not be withheld from immunocompromised children; this is not an infection-control strategy. 2. To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, microorganisms must be killed or their growth controlled. Sanitizing toys and all contact surfaces, separating children with infections, and teaching children to wash their hands all control the growth and spread of microorganisms. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage is another tool to prevent the spread of microorganisms but is not related to the flu virus. Immunizations should not be withheld from immunocompromised children; this is not an infection-control strategy. 3. To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, microorganisms must be killed or their growth controlled. Sanitizing toys and all contact surfaces, separating children with infections, and teaching children to wash their hands all control the growth and spread of microorganisms. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage is another tool to prevent the spread of microorganisms but is not related to the flu virus. Immunizations should not be withheld from immunocompromised children; this is not an infection-control strategy. 4. To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, microorganisms must be killed or their growth controlled. Sanitizing toys and all contact surfaces, separating children with infections, and teaching children to wash their hands all control the growth and spread of microorganisms. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage is another tool to prevent the spread of microorganisms but is not related to the flu virus. Immunizations should not be withheld from immunocompromised children; this is not an infection-control strategy. 5. To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, microorganisms must be killed or their growth controlled. Sanitizing toys and all contact surfaces, separating children with infections, and teaching children to wash their hands all control the growth and spread of microorganisms. Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage is another tool to prevent the spread of microorganisms but is not related to the flu virus. Immunizations should not be withheld from immunocompromised children; this is not an infection-control strategy.

The nurse is assessing an infant client and parents during a routine health supervision visit at 2 months of age. Which items will the nurse assess to determine if the infant's mental health needs are being addressed? Select all that apply. 1. Immunization record 2. Newborn screen results 3. Temperament during the visit 4. Feeding schedule 5. Sleep-wake patterns

Answer: 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 1. When addressing mental health issues, the nurse would assess the infant's temperament during the visit, feeding schedule, and sleep-wake patterns. The infant's mental health is related to early experiences, inborn characteristics such as temperament and resilience, and relationships with caregivers. The first year of life provides many opportunities for the infant to develop positive mental health; interventions during this important period can enhance the child's future mental status. The immunization record and the newborn screen results will not provide the needed information for the nurse in terms of whether the infant's mental health needs are being addressed. 2. When addressing mental health issues, the nurse would assess the infant's temperament during the visit, feeding schedule, and sleep-wake patterns. The infant's mental health is related to early experiences, inborn characteristics such as temperament and resilience, and relationships with caregivers. The first year of life provides many opportunities for the infant to develop positive mental health; interventions during this important period can enhance the child's future mental status. The immunization record and the newborn screen results will not provide the needed information for the nurse in terms of whether the infant's mental health needs are being addressed. 3. When addressing mental health issues, the nurse would assess the infant's temperament during the visit, feeding schedule, and sleep-wake patterns. The infant's mental health is related to early experiences, inborn characteristics such as temperament and resilience, and relationships with caregivers. The first year of life provides many opportunities for the infant to develop positive mental health; interventions during this important period can enhance the child's future mental status. The immunization record and the newborn screen results will not provide the needed information for the nurse in terms of whether the infant's mental health needs are being addressed. 4. When addressing mental health issues, the nurse would assess the infant's temperament during the visit, feeding schedule, and sleep-wake patterns. The infant's mental health is related to early experiences, inborn characteristics such as temperament and resilience, and relationships with caregivers. The first year of life provides many opportunities for the infant to develop positive mental health; interventions during this important period can enhance the child's future mental status. The immunization record and the newborn screen results will not provide the needed information for the nurse in terms of whether the infant's mental health needs are being addressed.

While being comforted in the emergency department, a young school-age sibling of a pediatric trauma victim blurts out to the nurse, "It's my fault! When we were fighting yesterday, I told him I wished he was dead!" Which response is most appropriate by the nurse? 1. Asking the child if she would like to sit down and drink some water 2. Sitting the child down in an empty room with markers and paper so that she can draw a picture 3. Calmly discussing the catheters, tubes, and equipment that the patient requires and explaining to the sibling why the patient needs them 4. Reassuring the child that it is normal to get angry and say things that we do not mean but that we have no control over whether or not an accident happens

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. "Magical thinking" is the belief that events occur because of one's thoughts or actions, and the most therapeutic way to respond to this is to correct any misconceptions that children may have and reassure them that they are not to blame for any accidents or illness. 2. "Magical thinking" is the belief that events occur because of one's thoughts or actions, and the most therapeutic way to respond to this is to correct any misconceptions that children may have and reassure them that they are not to blame for any accidents or illness. 3. "Magical thinking" is the belief that events occur because of one's thoughts or actions, and the most therapeutic way to respond to this is to correct any misconceptions that children may have and reassure them that they are not to blame for any accidents or illness. 4. "Magical thinking" is the belief that events occur because of one's thoughts or actions, and the most therapeutic way to respond to this is to correct any misconceptions that children may have and reassure them that they are not to blame for any accidents or illness.

The nurse is providing care to a pediatric client recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which food choice indicates appropriate understanding of the material presented? 1. Pizza with milk 2. Spaghetti and meat sauce with juice 3. Hot dog on a bun with a shake 4. Fruit plate with Gatorade

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A child with celiac disease needs a gluten-free diet. Included on the list are fruits, meats, rice, and vegetables, including corn. Excluded are bread, cake, doughnuts, cookies, crackers, and many processed foods that may contain hidden gluten. Therefore, the child would be allowed to have the fruit plate with Gatorade. 2. A child with celiac disease needs a gluten-free diet. Included on the list are fruits, meats, rice, and vegetables, including corn. Excluded are bread, cake, doughnuts, cookies, crackers, and many processed foods that may contain hidden gluten. Therefore, the child would be allowed to have the fruit plate with Gatorade. 3. A child with celiac disease needs a gluten-free diet. Included on the list are fruits, meats, rice, and vegetables, including corn. Excluded are bread, cake, doughnuts, cookies, crackers, and many processed foods that may contain hidden gluten. Therefore, the child would be allowed to have the fruit plate with Gatorade. 4. A child with celiac disease needs a gluten-free diet. Included on the list are fruits, meats, rice, and vegetables, including corn. Excluded are bread, cake, doughnuts, cookies, crackers, and many processed foods that may contain hidden gluten. Therefore, the child would be allowed to have the fruit plate with Gatorade.

The nurse is preparing a three-generation family pedigree. A student asks the nurse the significance of the darkened circles. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Males unaffected by the disease." 2. "Males affected by the disease." 3. "Females unaffected by the disease." 4. "Females affected by the disease."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A circle is the standard symbol for a female, and darkening the circle represents a female affected by a disease. A male is represented by a square. 2. A circle is the standard symbol for a female, and darkening the circle represents a female affected by a disease. A male is represented by a square. 3. A circle is the standard symbol for a female, and darkening the circle represents a female affected by a disease. A male is represented by a square. 4. A circle is the standard symbol for a female, and darkening the circle represents a female affected by a disease. A male is represented by a square

The mother of an infant born prematurely at 32 weeks expresses the desire to breastfeed her child. The nurse correctly responds with which statement when the mother asks how long she should breastfeed her baby? 1. "Until the child begins solid foods." 2. "Many breastfeed for 2 years." 3. "It is recommended that mothers of preterm infants breastfeed at least a month." 4. "Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months, and should continue until 12 months even after solid foods are introduced. 2. Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months, and should continue until 12 months even after solid foods are introduced. 3. Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months, and should continue until 12 months even after solid foods are introduced. 4. Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months, and should continue until 12 months even after solid foods are introduced.

A child is being prepared for an invasive procedure. The mother of the child has legal custody but is not present. After details of the procedure are explained, who can provide legal consent on behalf of a minor child for treatment? 1. The divorced parent without custody 2. A cohabitating boyfriend of the child's mother 3. A grandparent who lives in the home with the child 4. A babysitter with written proxy

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A parent may grant proxy consent in writing to another adult so that children are not denied necessary healthcare. In the case of divorced parents, the parent with custody may be the only parent allowed by some states to give informed consent. Residence in the same household with a child does not authorize an adult to sign consent for treatment. 2. A parent may grant proxy consent in writing to another adult so that children are not denied necessary healthcare. In the case of divorced parents, the parent with custody may be the only parent allowed by some states to give informed consent. Residence in the same household with a child does not authorize an adult to sign consent for treatment. 3. A parent may grant proxy consent in writing to another adult so that children are not denied necessary healthcare. In the case of divorced parents, the parent with custody may be the only parent allowed by some states to give informed consent. Residence in the same household with a child does not authorize an adult to sign consent for treatment. 4. A parent may grant proxy consent in writing to another adult so that children are not denied necessary healthcare. In the case of divorced parents, the parent with custody may be the only parent allowed by some states to give informed consent. Residence in the same household with a child does not authorize an adult to sign consent for treatment.

During the newborn examination, the nurse assesses the infant for signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip. A finding that would strongly indicate this disorder would be: 1. soles are flat with prominent fat pads. 2. positive Babinski reflex. 3. metatarsus varus. 4. asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A positive Babinski reflex and flat soles are normal newborn findings. Metatarsus varus is an in-toeing of the feet that usually occurs secondary to intra-uterine positioning and frequently resolves on its own, but approximately 10 percent of infants with metatarsus varus also have developmental dysplasia of the hip. Asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds are a positive finding for developmental dysplasia of the hip requiring follow-up with ultrasound. 2. A positive Babinski reflex and flat soles are normal newborn findings. Metatarsus varus is an in-toeing of the feet that usually occurs secondary to intra-uterine positioning and frequently resolves on its own, but approximately 10 percent of infants with metatarsus varus also have developmental dysplasia of the hip. Asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds are a positive finding for developmental dysplasia of the hip requiring follow-up with ultrasound. 3. A positive Babinski reflex and flat soles are normal newborn findings. Metatarsus varus is an in-toeing of the feet that usually occurs secondary to intra-uterine positioning and frequently resolves on its own, but approximately 10 percent of infants with metatarsus varus also have developmental dysplasia of the hip. Asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds are a positive finding for developmental dysplasia of the hip requiring follow-up with ultrasound. 4. A positive Babinski reflex and flat soles are normal newborn findings. Metatarsus varus is an in-toeing of the feet that usually occurs secondary to intra-uterine positioning and frequently resolves on its own, but approximately 10 percent of infants with metatarsus varus also have developmental dysplasia of the hip. Asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds are a positive finding for developmental dysplasia of the hip requiring follow-up with ultrasound.

1) Which nursing role is not directly involved when providing family-centered approach to the pediatric population? 1. Advocacy 2. Case management 3. Patient education 4. Researcher

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A researcher is not involved in the family-centered approach to patient care of children and their families. Advocacy, case management, and patient education are all roles directly involved in the care of children and their families. 2. A researcher is not involved in the family-centered approach to patient care of children and their families. Advocacy, case management, and patient education are all roles directly involved in the care of children and their families. 3. A researcher is not involved in the family-centered approach to patient care of children and their families. Advocacy, case management, and patient education are all roles directly involved in the care of children and their families. 4. A researcher is not involved in the family-centered approach to patient care of children and their families. Advocacy, case management, and patient education are all roles directly involved in the care of children and their families.

A school bus carrying children in grades K-12 crashed into a ravine. The critically injured children were transported by ambulance and admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU). The nurse is concerned about calming the frightened children. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to achieve the goal of calming the frightened children? 1. Tell the children that the physicians are competent. 2. Assure the children that the nurses are caring. 3. Explain that the PICU equipment is state of the art. 4. Call the children's parents to come into the PICU.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. A sense of physical and psychological security is best achieved by the presence of parents. Children at all developmental levels look first to their parents or whoever acts as their parents for safety and security. Healthcare providers, no matter how competent or caring, cannot substitute for parents. Children often neither recognize nor care about state-of-the-art equipment. 2. A sense of physical and psychological security is best achieved by the presence of parents. Children at all developmental levels look first to their parents or whoever acts as their parents for safety and security. Healthcare providers, no matter how competent or caring, cannot substitute for parents. Children often neither recognize nor care about state-of-the-art equipment. 3. A sense of physical and psychological security is best achieved by the presence of parents. Children at all developmental levels look first to their parents or whoever acts as their parents for safety and security. Healthcare providers, no matter how competent or caring, cannot substitute for parents. Children often neither recognize nor care about state-of-the-art equipment. 4. A sense of physical and psychological security is best achieved by the presence of parents. Children at all developmental levels look first to their parents or whoever acts as their parents for safety and security. Healthcare providers, no matter how competent or caring, cannot substitute for parents. Children often neither recognize nor care about state-of-the-art equipment.

The number of serious injuries in children has doubled in the past year. Based on this information, which is the most appropriate community nursing diagnosis? 1. Noncompliance Related to Inappropriate Use of Child Safety Seats 2. Risk for Injury Related to Inadequate Use of Bicycle Helmets 3. Altered Family Processes Related to Hospitalization of an Injured Child 4. Knowledge Deficit Related to Injury Prevention in Children

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. All of these diagnoses might be appropriate in specific situations, but Knowledge Deficit Related to Injury Prevention in Children is the only one that is general to the problem as a whole and is therefore the most appropriate community nursing diagnosis. 2. All of these diagnoses might be appropriate in specific situations, but Knowledge Deficit Related to Injury Prevention in Children is the only one that is general to the problem as a whole and is therefore the most appropriate community nursing diagnosis. 3. All of these diagnoses might be appropriate in specific situations, but Knowledge Deficit Related to Injury Prevention in Children is the only one that is general to the problem as a whole and is therefore the most appropriate community nursing diagnosis. 4. All of these diagnoses might be appropriate in specific situations, but Knowledge Deficit Related to Injury Prevention in Children is the only one that is general to the problem as a whole and is therefore the most appropriate community nursing diagnosis.

Parents of a child who experienced a moderately severe allergic reaction after eating peanuts ask the nurse what they can do to help if it happens again. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "If it happens again, I will teach you what to do." 2. "You should have an antihistamine like Benadryl with you at all times." 3. "We can start a desensitization process to take the allergy away." 4. "I will teach you how to use an Epi-Pen."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. An Epi-Pen is the appropriate treatment if this reaction occurs again. Benadryl is fine, but most likely is not strong enough in light of the serious reaction the child had. Desensitization is not the appropriate instruction at this time. Telling the parents that they will be taught if it happens again is brushing off the seriousness of the situation. 2. An Epi-Pen is the appropriate treatment if this reaction occurs again. Benadryl is fine, but most likely is not strong enough in light of the serious reaction the child had. Desensitization is not the appropriate instruction at this time. Telling the parents that they will be taught if it happens again is brushing off the seriousness of the situation. 3. An Epi-Pen is the appropriate treatment if this reaction occurs again. Benadryl is fine, but most likely is not strong enough in light of the serious reaction the child had. Desensitization is not the appropriate instruction at this time. Telling the parents that they will be taught if it happens again is brushing off the seriousness of the situation. 4. An Epi-Pen is the appropriate treatment if this reaction occurs again. Benadryl is fine, but most likely is not strong enough in light of the serious reaction the child had. Desensitization is not the appropriate instruction at this time. Telling the parents that they will be taught if it happens again is brushing off the seriousness of the situation.

A toddler is started on digoxin (Lanoxin) for cardiac failure. Which is the initial symptom the nurse would assess if the child develops digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity? 1. Lowered blood pressure 2. Tinnitus 3. Ataxia 4. A change in heart rhythm

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. An early sign of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity is a change in heart rhythm. Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity does not cause lowered blood pressure, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or ataxia (unsteady gait). 2. An early sign of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity is a change in heart rhythm. Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity does not cause lowered blood pressure, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or ataxia (unsteady gait). 3. An early sign of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity is a change in heart rhythm. Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity does not cause lowered blood pressure, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or ataxia (unsteady gait). 4. An early sign of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity is a change in heart rhythm. Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity does not cause lowered blood pressure, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or ataxia (unsteady gait).

While teaching parents of a newborn about normal growth and development, which statement is most appropriate for the nurse to include in the session? 1. Weight should triple by 6 months of age. 2. Weight should double by 1 year of age. 3. Weight should double by 4 months of age. 4. Weight should triple by 1 year of age.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. An infant should triple its birth weight by 1 year of age. The other answers are not appropriate weight gains. 2. An infant should triple its birth weight by 1 year of age. The other answers are not appropriate weight gains. 3. An infant should triple its birth weight by 1 year of age. The other answers are not appropriate weight gains. 4. An infant should triple its birth weight by 1 year of age. The other answers are not appropriate weight gains.

The clinic nurse is working with a child with multiple disabilities. The parents have asked the nurse to help them in meeting with the school board to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and an Individualized Health Plan (IHP). Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? 1. Providing a written list of the child's medical diagnoses for the IEP meeting. 2. Offering to wait with the child while the parents attend the IEP meeting. 3. Listening to the parents' concerns and complaints about the school district. 4. Presenting verbally the child's cognitive, physical, and social skills to school officials at the IEP meeting.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. As an advocate for the child and a partner with the family, the nurse attends the IEP meeting and presents the child's functional skills to develop a comprehensive IEP. A list of medical diagnoses does not accurately inform school officials about the child's skills or needs. Waiting with the child and listening to parents' concerns may be kind and empathetic but does not contribute to an action plan for the child's educational needs. 2. As an advocate for the child and a partner with the family, the nurse attends the IEP meeting and presents the child's functional skills to develop a comprehensive IEP. A list of medical diagnoses does not accurately inform school officials about the child's skills or needs. Waiting with the child and listening to parents' concerns may be kind and empathetic but does not contribute to an action plan for the child's educational needs. 3. As an advocate for the child and a partner with the family, the nurse attends the IEP meeting and presents the child's functional skills to develop a comprehensive IEP. A list of medical diagnoses does not accurately inform school officials about the child's skills or needs. Waiting with the child and listening to parents' concerns may be kind and empathetic but does not contribute to an action plan for the child's educational needs. 4. As an advocate for the child and a partner with the family, the nurse attends the IEP meeting and presents the child's functional skills to develop a comprehensive IEP. A list of medical diagnoses does not accurately inform school officials about the child's skills or needs. Waiting with the child and listening to parents' concerns may be kind and empathetic but does not contribute to an action plan for the child's educational needs.

A group of children on one hospital unit are all suffering separation anxiety. Which child is experiencing the despair stage of separation anxiety? 1. Does not cry if parents return and leave again 2. Screams and cries when parents leave 3. Appears to be happy and content with staff 4. Lies quietly in bed

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Children in the despair stage appear sad, depressed, or withdrawn. A child who is lying in bed might be exhibiting any of these. Screaming and crying are components of the protest stage. The young child who appears to be happy and content with everyone is in the denial stage, as is the child who does not cry if parents return and leave again. 2. Children in the despair stage appear sad, depressed, or withdrawn. A child who is lying in bed might be exhibiting any of these. Screaming and crying are components of the protest stage. The young child who appears to be happy and content with everyone is in the denial stage, as is the child who does not cry if parents return and leave again. 3. Children in the despair stage appear sad, depressed, or withdrawn. A child who is lying in bed might be exhibiting any of these. Screaming and crying are components of the protest stage. The young child who appears to be happy and content with everyone is in the denial stage, as is the child who does not cry if parents return and leave again. 4. Children in the despair stage appear sad, depressed, or withdrawn. A child who is lying in bed might be exhibiting any of these. Screaming and crying are components of the protest stage. The young child who appears to be happy and content with everyone is in the denial stage, as is the child who does not cry if parents return and leave again.

The nurse finds that an infant has stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities, and higher blood pressure readings in the arms than in the legs. Which assessment will the nurse perform next on this infant? 1. Pedal pulses 2. Pulse oximetry level 3. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values 4. Blood pressure of the four extremities

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Coarctation of the aorta can present with stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities and higher blood pressure readings in the arms than in the legs because of obstruction of circulation to the lower extremities. Blood pressure values of the four limbs should be the next assessment data collected. Pedal pulses, pulse oximetry, and labs themselves will not provide the data needed. 2. Coarctation of the aorta can present with stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities and higher blood pressure readings in the arms than in the legs because of obstruction of circulation to the lower extremities. Blood pressure values of the four limbs should be the next assessment data collected. Pedal pulses, pulse oximetry, and labs themselves will not provide the data needed. 3. Coarctation of the aorta can present with stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities and higher blood pressure readings in the arms than in the legs because of obstruction of circulation to the lower extremities. Blood pressure values of the four limbs should be the next assessment data collected. Pedal pulses, pulse oximetry, and labs themselves will not provide the data needed. 4. Coarctation of the aorta can present with stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities and higher blood pressure readings in the arms than in the legs because of obstruction of circulation to the lower extremities. Blood pressure values of the four limbs should be the next assessment data collected. Pedal pulses, pulse oximetry, and labs themselves will not provide the data needed.

A mother of two school-age children tells the nurse that her husband has recently been deployed overseas. The mother is concerned about the children's constant interest in watching TV news coverage of military activities overseas. Which suggestion from the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "Allow the children to watch as much television as they want. This is how they are coping with their father's absence." 2. "It will just take some time to adjust to their father's absence, then everything will return to normal." 3. "The less that you discuss this, the quicker the children will adjust to their father's absence. Try to keep them busy, and use distractions to keep their mind off of it." 4. "Spend time with your children and take cues from them about how much they want to discuss."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Constant viewing of the TV coverage of the war may increase the children's anxiety and fear for their father's safety. The mother should be aware that even though the children may appear to have adjusted, there may be delayed reactions or regressions in behavior. Children need to be able to discuss their feelings and concerns with an adult; otherwise, their emotional distress may increase. 2. Constant viewing of the TV coverage of the war may increase the children's anxiety and fear for their father's safety. The mother should be aware that even though the children may appear to have adjusted, there may be delayed reactions or regressions in behavior. Children need to be able to discuss their feelings and concerns with an adult; otherwise, their emotional distress may increase. 3. Constant viewing of the TV coverage of the war may increase the children's anxiety and fear for their father's safety. The mother should be aware that even though the children may appear to have adjusted, there may be delayed reactions or regressions in behavior. Children need to be able to discuss their feelings and concerns with an adult; otherwise, their emotional distress may increase. 4. Constant viewing of the TV coverage of the war may increase the children's anxiety and fear for their father's safety. The mother should be aware that even though the children may appear to have adjusted, there may be delayed reactions or regressions in behavior. Children need to be able to discuss their feelings and concerns with an adult; otherwise, their emotional distress may increase.

A nurse is planning an education session on genetic testing. What would not concern the nurse when planning the session? 1. Cultural beliefs 2. Religious beliefs 3. Family values 4. Insurance reimbursement

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Cultural and religious beliefs and family values are all considerations when planning a teaching session on genetic testing. Insurance plays a factor in determining whether the test is done, but is not a consideration in the teaching session itself. 2. Cultural and religious beliefs and family values are all considerations when planning a teaching session on genetic testing. Insurance plays a factor in determining whether the test is done, but is not a consideration in the teaching session itself. 3. Cultural and religious beliefs and family values are all considerations when planning a teaching session on genetic testing. Insurance plays a factor in determining whether the test is done, but is not a consideration in the teaching session itself. 4. Cultural and religious beliefs and family values are all considerations when planning a teaching session on genetic testing. Insurance plays a factor in determining whether the test is done, but is not a consideration in the teaching session itself.

The nurse finishes a parent-teaching session on preventing heat-related illnesses for children who exercise. Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of preventive techniques taught? 1. Hydration should occur at the end of an exercise session. 2. Water is the drink of choice to replenish fluids. 3. Wearing dark clothing during exercise is recommended. 4. During activity, stop for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. During activity, stopping for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes is recommended. Hydration should occur before and during the activity, not just at the end. A combination of water and sports drinks is best to replace fluids during exercise. Light-colored, light clothing is best to wear during exercise activities; wearing of dark colors can increase sweating. 2. During activity, stopping for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes is recommended. Hydration should occur before and during the activity, not just at the end. A combination of water and sports drinks is best to replace fluids during exercise. Light-colored, light clothing is best to wear during exercise activities; wearing of dark colors can increase sweating. 3. During activity, stopping for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes is recommended. Hydration should occur before and during the activity, not just at the end. A combination of water and sports drinks is best to replace fluids during exercise. Light-colored, light clothing is best to wear during exercise activities; wearing of dark colors can increase sweating. 4. During activity, stopping for fluids every 15 to 20 minutes is recommended. Hydration should occur before and during the activity, not just at the end. A combination of water and sports drinks is best to replace fluids during exercise. Light-colored, light clothing is best to wear during exercise activities; wearing of dark colors can increase sweating.

Siblings of a client in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are preparing to visit their brother, who was hit by a car while riding his bike. Which intervention by the nurse will assist the siblings in preparing for the visit? 1. Spend time developing a relationship with the siblings. 2. Have the parents go with the siblings when they visit. 3. Encourage the siblings to talk to a social worker before seeing their brother. 4. Explain what the siblings will hear and see when they visit.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Explaining what the siblings will hear and see when they visit will best prepare them for the visit with their brother. The other responses are good ways to help alleviate stress but won't help prepare the siblings for the visit. 2. Explaining what the siblings will hear and see when they visit will best prepare them for the visit with their brother. The other responses are good ways to help alleviate stress but won't help prepare the siblings for the visit. 3. Explaining what the siblings will hear and see when they visit will best prepare them for the visit with their brother. The other responses are good ways to help alleviate stress but won't help prepare the siblings for the visit. 4. Explaining what the siblings will hear and see when they visit will best prepare them for the visit with their brother. The other responses are good ways to help alleviate stress but won't help prepare the siblings for the visit.

A nurse is assessing a neonate. Which assessment finding indicates that the neonate's respiratory status is worsening? 1. Acrocyanosis 2. Arterial CO2 of 40 3. Periorbital edema 4. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring indicates respiratory status is becoming worse. Acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the extremities) is a normal finding in a neonate. CO2 of 40 is within a normal range. Periorbital edema does not necessarily mean deterioration in respiratory status. 2. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring indicates respiratory status is becoming worse. Acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the extremities) is a normal finding in a neonate. CO2 of 40 is within a normal range. Periorbital edema does not necessarily mean deterioration in respiratory status. 3. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring indicates respiratory status is becoming worse. Acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the extremities) is a normal finding in a neonate. CO2 of 40 is within a normal range. Periorbital edema does not necessarily mean deterioration in respiratory status. 4. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring indicates respiratory status is becoming worse. Acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the extremities) is a normal finding in a neonate. CO2of 40 is within a normal range. Periorbital edema does not necessarily mean deterioration in respiratory status

The nurse is evaluating the activity tolerance of a 9-month-old with iron deficiency anemia. Which finding indicates that the infant is not tolerating activity? 1. Heart rate of 138 2. Increased alertness 3. Respiratory rate less than 40 with activity 4. Muscle weakness

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Iron deficiency anemia can result in less oxygen reaching the cells and tissues, causing activity intolerance. An indication that a 9-month-old child is not tolerating activity and that iron deficiency anemia is worsening would be the presence of muscle weakness during activity. A heart rate of 138, increased alertness, and a respiratory rate of less than 40 with activity are all signs that iron deficiency anemia is resolving and activity tolerance is improving. 2. Iron deficiency anemia can result in less oxygen reaching the cells and tissues, causing activity intolerance. An indication that a 9-month-old child is not tolerating activity and that iron deficiency anemia is worsening would be the presence of muscle weakness during activity. A heart rate of 138, increased alertness, and a respiratory rate of less than 40 with activity are all signs that iron deficiency anemia is resolving and activity tolerance is improving. 3. Iron deficiency anemia can result in less oxygen reaching the cells and tissues, causing activity intolerance. An indication that a 9-month-old child is not tolerating activity and that iron deficiency anemia is worsening would be the presence of muscle weakness during activity. A heart rate of 138, increased alertness, and a respiratory rate of less than 40 with activity are all signs that iron deficiency anemia is resolving and activity tolerance is improving. 4. Iron deficiency anemia can result in less oxygen reaching the cells and tissues, causing activity intolerance. An indication that a 9-month-old child is not tolerating activity and that iron deficiency anemia is worsening would be the presence of muscle weakness during activity. A heart rate of 138, increased alertness, and a respiratory rate of less than 40 with activity are all signs that iron deficiency anemia is resolving and activity tolerance is improving

A child who has beta-thalassemia is receiving numerous blood transfusions. The child is also receiving deferoxamine (Desferal) therapy. The parents ask how the deferoxamine will help their child. Which rationale does the nurse use when responding to the parents? 1. It prevents blood transfusion reactions. 2. It stimulates RBC production. 3. It provides vitamin supplementation. 4. It prevents iron overload

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Iron overload can be a side effect of a hypertransfusion therapy. Deferoxamine (Desferal) is an iron-chelating drug, which binds excess iron so it can be excreted by the kidneys. It does not prevent blood-transfusion reactions, stimulate RBC production, or provide vitamin supplementation. 2. Iron overload can be a side effect of a hypertransfusion therapy. Deferoxamine (Desferal) is an iron-chelating drug, which binds excess iron so it can be excreted by the kidneys. It does not prevent blood-transfusion reactions, stimulate RBC production, or provide vitamin supplementation. 3. Iron overload can be a side effect of a hypertransfusion therapy. Deferoxamine (Desferal) is an iron-chelating drug, which binds excess iron so it can be excreted by the kidneys. It does not prevent blood-transfusion reactions, stimulate RBC production, or provide vitamin supplementation. 4. Iron overload can be a side effect of a hypertransfusion therapy. Deferoxamine (Desferal) is an iron-chelating drug, which binds excess iron so it can be excreted by the kidneys. It does not prevent blood-transfusion reactions, stimulate RBC production, or provide vitamin supplementation.

The hospital admitting nurse is taking a history of a child's illness from the parents. The nurse concludes that the parents treated their 6-year-old child appropriately for a fever related to otitis media. Which action by the parents brought the nurse to this conclusion? 1. Used aspirin every four hours to reduce the fever 2. Alternated acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours 3. Put the child in a tub of cold water to reduce the fever 4. Offered generous amounts of fluids frequently

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The body's need for fluids increases during a febrile illness. Aspirin has been associated with Reye syndrome and should not be given to children with a febrile illness. Alternating acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours may result in an overdose. Pediatric medication doses are more accurately calculated using the child's weight, not age. Putting the child in a tub of cold water will chill the child and cause shivering, a response that will increase body temperature. 2. The body's need for fluids increases during a febrile illness. Aspirin has been associated with Reye syndrome and should not be given to children with a febrile illness. Alternating acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours may result in an overdose. Pediatric medication doses are more accurately calculated using the child's weight, not age. Putting the child in a tub of cold water will chill the child and cause shivering, a response that will increase body temperature. 3. The body's need for fluids increases during a febrile illness. Aspirin has been associated with Reye syndrome and should not be given to children with a febrile illness. Alternating acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours may result in an overdose. Pediatric medication doses are more accurately calculated using the child's weight, not age. Putting the child in a tub of cold water will chill the child and cause shivering, a response that will increase body temperature. 4. The body's need for fluids increases during a febrile illness. Aspirin has been associated with Reye syndrome and should not be given to children with a febrile illness. Alternating acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours may result in an overdose. Pediatric medication doses are more accurately calculated using the child's weight, not age. Putting the child in a tub of cold water will chill the child and cause shivering, a response that will increase body temperature

Which assessment question would get the most accurate response when a nurse is assessing learning and reading skills in the early childhood years? 1. "What rewards do you use when your child does something good?" 2. "What is your child's language like now?" 3. "Does your child get along well with others?" 4. "Do you keep books for your child readily available?"

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Keeping books readily available will stimulate reading skills. This is the question that will provide the most information about learning and reading skills. Language and getting along with others are more communication skills. Rewards are more closely related to discipline. 2. Keeping books readily available will stimulate reading skills. This is the question that will provide the most information about learning and reading skills. Language and getting along with others are more communication skills. Rewards are more closely related to discipline. 3. Keeping books readily available will stimulate reading skills. This is the question that will provide the most information about learning and reading skills. Language and getting along with others are more communication skills. Rewards are more closely related to discipline. 4. Keeping books readily available will stimulate reading skills. This is the question that will provide the most information about learning and reading skills. Language and getting along with others are more communication skills. Rewards are more closely related to discipline.

A child with meningococcemia is being admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit. Which room assignment is the most appropriate for this child? 1. Semiprivate room 2. Private room, but not in isolation 3. Private room, in protective isolation 4. Private room, in respiratory isolation

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Meningococcemia follows an infection with Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis is transmitted through airborne droplets; thus, the child should be placed in a private room in respiratory isolation. A private room with protective isolation (child is essentially kept in a "bubble") would not be appropriate. 2. Meningococcemia follows an infection with Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis is transmitted through airborne droplets; thus, the child should be placed in a private room in respiratory isolation. A private room with protective isolation (child is essentially kept in a "bubble") would not be appropriate. 3. Meningococcemia follows an infection with Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis is transmitted through airborne droplets; thus, the child should be placed in a private room in respiratory isolation. A private room with protective isolation (child is essentially kept in a "bubble") would not be appropriate. 4. Meningococcemia follows an infection with Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis is transmitted through airborne droplets; thus, the child should be placed in a private room in respiratory isolation. A private room with protective isolation (child is essentially kept in a "bubble") would not be appropriate.

A neonate has been diagnosed with a herpes simplex viral infection of the eye. Which medication will the nurse prepare to administer? 1. Fluoroquinolone eye drops or ointment 2. Intravenous penicillin 3. Oral erythromycin 4. Parenteral acyclovir (Zovirax) and vidarabine (VIRA-A) ophthalmic ointment

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Neonatal herpes simplex virus is treated vigorously with parenteral acyclovir for 14 days or longer and topical ophthalmic medication (trifluridine, iododeoxyuridine, or vidarabine). Fluoroquinolone eye drops are used to treat bacterial eye infections. Intravenous penicillin treats selected bacterial infections. Oral erythromycin is used to treat chlamydial eye infections. 2. Neonatal herpes simplex virus is treated vigorously with parenteral acyclovir for 14 days or longer and topical ophthalmic medication (trifluridine, iododeoxyuridine, or vidarabine). Fluoroquinolone eye drops are used to treat bacterial eye infections. Intravenous penicillin treats selected bacterial infections. Oral erythromycin is used to treat chlamydial eye infections. 3. Neonatal herpes simplex virus is treated vigorously with parenteral acyclovir for 14 days or longer and topical ophthalmic medication (trifluridine, iododeoxyuridine, or vidarabine). Fluoroquinolone eye drops are used to treat bacterial eye infections. Intravenous penicillin treats selected bacterial infections. Oral erythromycin is used to treat chlamydial eye infections. 4. Neonatal herpes simplex virus is treated vigorously with parenteral acyclovir for 14 days or longer and topical ophthalmic medication (trifluridine, iododeoxyuridine, or vidarabine). Fluoroquinolone eye drops are used to treat bacterial eye infections. Intravenous penicillin treats selected bacterial infections. Oral erythromycin is used to treat chlamydial eye infections.

The nurse is working with a group of parents who have children with chronic conditions. Which statement by a parent would indicate a risk for a caregiver burden that could become overwhelming? 1. "My mother moved in and helped us take our quadruplets home." 2. "Our health insurance sent us a rejection letter for my child's brand-name medication, and we must fill out forms to get the generic." 3. "I chose to quit my job to be home with my child, and my husband helps in the evening when he can." 4. "I have to care for my child day and night, which leaves little time for me."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. No respite time from caregiving responsibilities may lead to overwhelming caregiver burden. The family's pitching in to help indicates family support. Substituting generic for brand-name medications will not result in caregiver burden. The mother's choosing to care for the child and receiving help from the husband indicates family support. 2. No respite time from caregiving responsibilities may lead to overwhelming caregiver burden. The family's pitching in to help indicates family support. Substituting generic for brand-name medications will not result in caregiver burden. The mother's choosing to care for the child and receiving help from the husband indicates family support. 3. No respite time from caregiving responsibilities may lead to overwhelming caregiver burden. The family's pitching in to help indicates family support. Substituting generic for brand-name medications will not result in caregiver burden. The mother's choosing to care for the child and receiving help from the husband indicates family support. 4. No respite time from caregiving responsibilities may lead to overwhelming caregiver burden. The family's pitching in to help indicates family support. Substituting generic for brand-name medications will not result in caregiver burden. The mother's choosing to care for the child and receiving help from the husband indicates family support

A young school-age client is in the playroom when the respiratory therapist arrives on the pediatric unit to give the child a scheduled breathing treatment. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Reschedule the treatment for a later time. 2. Show the respiratory therapist to the playroom so the treatment may be performed. 3. Escort the child to his room and ask the child-life specialist to bring toys to the bedside. 4. Assist the child back to his room for the treatment but reassure the child that he may return when the procedure is completed.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Procedures should not be performed in the playroom. Scheduled respiratory treatments should be performed on time; however, the child should be allowed to return to the playroom as soon as the procedure is completed. 2. Procedures should not be performed in the playroom. Scheduled respiratory treatments should be performed on time; however, the child should be allowed to return to the playroom as soon as the procedure is completed. 3. Procedures should not be performed in the playroom. Scheduled respiratory treatments should be performed on time; however, the child should be allowed to return to the playroom as soon as the procedure is completed. 4. Procedures should not be performed in the playroom. Scheduled respiratory treatments should be performed on time; however, the child should be allowed to return to the playroom as soon as the procedure is completed.

The practitioner changes the medications for the child with asthma to salmeterol (Serevent). The mother asks the nurse what this drug will do. The nurse explains that salmeterol (Serevent) is used to treat asthma because the drug produces which characteristic? 1. Decreases inflammation 2. Decreases mucous production 3. Controls allergic rhinitis 4. Dilates the bronchioles

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting beta2-agonist that acts by bronchodilating. Steroids are anti-inflammatory, anticholinergics decrease mucous production, and antihistamines control allergic rhinitis. 2. Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting beta2-agonist that acts by bronchodilating. Steroids are anti-inflammatory, anticholinergics decrease mucous production, and antihistamines control allergic rhinitis. 3. Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting beta2-agonist that acts by bronchodilating. Steroids are anti-inflammatory, anticholinergics decrease mucous production, and antihistamines control allergic rhinitis. 4. Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting beta2-agonist that acts by bronchodilating. Steroids are anti-inflammatory, anticholinergics decrease mucous production, and antihistamines control allergic rhinitis.

A young school-age client who has had a tracheostomy for several years is scheduled to begin school in the fall. The teacher is concerned about this child's being in her class and consults the school nurse. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Make arrangements for the child to go to a special school. 2. Ask the parents of the child to provide a caregiver during school hours. 3. Recommend that the child be home schooled. 4. Teach the teacher how to care for the child in the classroom.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 guarantees access for children with disabilities to federally funded programs, including public schools. The child may need little extra attention while in the school setting, since he has had the tracheostomy for several years. The teacher should be taught how to care for the child if needed and the signs of distress. If needed, a health aide may be assigned to the child, but this is not the responsibility of the parents. 2. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 guarantees access for children with disabilities to federally funded programs, including public schools. The child may need little extra attention while in the school setting, since he has had the tracheostomy for several years. The teacher should be taught how to care for the child if needed and the signs of distress. If needed, a health aide may be assigned to the child, but this is not the responsibility of the parents. 3. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 guarantees access for children with disabilities to federally funded programs, including public schools. The child may need little extra attention while in the school setting, since he has had the tracheostomy for several years. The teacher should be taught how to care for the child if needed and the signs of distress. If needed, a health aide may be assigned to the child, but this is not the responsibility of the parents. 4. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 guarantees access for children with disabilities to federally funded programs, including public schools. The child may need little extra attention while in the school setting, since he has had the tracheostomy for several years. The teacher should be taught how to care for the child if needed and the signs of distress. If needed, a health aide may be assigned to the child, but this is not the responsibility of the parents.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance instructions to the parents of a newborn. Which instruction should the nurse give as a strategy for illness/disease prevention? 1. Don't allow visitors for the first month 2. Smoke outside only 3. Take the newborn to weekly child-stimulation classes 4. SIDS risk-reduction measures

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Several disease-prevention strategies are used during anticipatory guidance for the parents of newborns. Not allowing visitors is unreasonable but screening for illness is appropriate. Smoking outside will not prevent disease. Attending weekly stimulation classes is not a disease prevention strategy. SIDS risk-reduction measures can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. 2. Several disease-prevention strategies are used during anticipatory guidance for the parents of newborns. Not allowing visitors is unreasonable but screening for illness is appropriate. Smoking outside will not prevent disease. Attending weekly stimulation classes is not a disease prevention strategy. SIDS risk-reduction measures can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. 3. Several disease-prevention strategies are used during anticipatory guidance for the parents of newborns. Not allowing visitors is unreasonable but screening for illness is appropriate. Smoking outside will not prevent disease. Attending weekly stimulation classes is not a disease prevention strategy. SIDS risk-reduction measures can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. 4. Several disease-prevention strategies are used during anticipatory guidance for the parents of newborns. Not allowing visitors is unreasonable but screening for illness is appropriate. Smoking outside will not prevent disease. Attending weekly stimulation classes is not a disease prevention strategy. SIDS risk-reduction measures can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

The child who had a tonsillectomy earlier today is now awake and tolerating fluids. The child asks for something to eat. Which food choice is most appropriate for this client? 1. Orange slices 2. Lemonade 3. Grapefruit juice 4. Applesauce

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Soft foods such as applesauce can be added as tolerated to a diet following a tonsillectomy. Citric juices or citric fruits should be avoided because they may cause a burning sensation in the throat. 2. Soft foods such as applesauce can be added as tolerated to a diet following a tonsillectomy. Citric juices or citric fruits should be avoided because they may cause a burning sensation in the throat. 3. Soft foods such as applesauce can be added as tolerated to a diet following a tonsillectomy. Citric juices or citric fruits should be avoided because they may cause a burning sensation in the throat. 4. Soft foods such as applesauce can be added as tolerated to a diet following a tonsillectomy. Citric juices or citric fruits should be avoided because they may cause a burning sensation in the throat.

The charge nurse on a pediatric unit is making a room assignment for a school-age child diagnosed with sickle cell disease, who is in splenic sequestration crisis. Which room assignment is most appropriate for this client? 1. Semiprivate room 2. Reverse-isolation room 3. Contact-isolation room 4. Private room

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Splenic sequestration can be life-threatening, and there is profound anemia. The child does not need an isolation room but should not be placed in a room with any child who may have an infectious illness. The private room is appropriate for this child. 2. Splenic sequestration can be life-threatening, and there is profound anemia. The child does not need an isolation room but should not be placed in a room with any child who may have an infectious illness. The private room is appropriate for this child. 3. Splenic sequestration can be life-threatening, and there is profound anemia. The child does not need an isolation room but should not be placed in a room with any child who may have an infectious illness. The private room is appropriate for this child. 4. Splenic sequestration can be life-threatening, and there is profound anemia. The child does not need an isolation room but should not be placed in a room with any child who may have an infectious illness. The private room is appropriate for this child.

A nurse is discussing health promotion activities with parents of a 4-year-old client. What health-promotion activity is most appropriate for this family? 1. Make arrangements to tour the kindergarten in which the child will enroll next year. 2. Plan a "movie afternoon" with the child's big brother. 3. Maintain appropriate immunizations. 4. Teach the child the proper method for brushing the teeth.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Teaching proper oral hygiene through proper teeth brushing is a health-promotion activity. Touring the kindergarten might alleviate anxiety, but is not health promotion. A movie afternoon with the big brother is sedentary, and also not a health-promotion activity. Maintaining immunizations is a health-maintenance, not health-promotion, activity. 2. Teaching proper oral hygiene through proper teeth brushing is a health-promotion activity. Touring the kindergarten might alleviate anxiety, but is not health promotion. A movie afternoon with the big brother is sedentary, and also not a health-promotion activity. Maintaining immunizations is a health-maintenance, not health-promotion, activity. 3. Teaching proper oral hygiene through proper teeth brushing is a health-promotion activity. Touring the kindergarten might alleviate anxiety, but is not health promotion. A movie afternoon with the big brother is sedentary, and also not a health-promotion activity. Maintaining immunizations is a health-maintenance, not health-promotion, activity. 4. Teaching proper oral hygiene through proper teeth brushing is a health-promotion activity. Touring the kindergarten might alleviate anxiety, but is not health promotion. A movie afternoon with the big brother is sedentary, and also not a health-promotion activity. Maintaining immunizations is a health-maintenance, not health-promotion, activity.

A nurse delegates the task of neonatal vital-sign assessment to a nurse technician. Which instruction will the nurse give to the technician prior to assign care? 1. Report any neonate using abdominal muscles to breathe. 2. Report any neonate with apnea for 10 seconds. 3. Count respirations for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 to get the rate for 1 minute. 4. Report any neonate with a breathing pause that lasts 20 seconds or longer.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The abnormal assessment finding for vital signs that the nurse should instruct a nurse technician to report is any breathing pause by a neonate lasting longer than 20 seconds. This can indicate apnea and could lead to an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). A breathing pause of 10 seconds or less is called periodic breathing and is a normal pattern for a neonate. Respirations should be counted for 1 minute, not 15 seconds. It is normal for neonates to use abdominal muscles for breathing. 2. The abnormal assessment finding for vital signs that the nurse should instruct a nurse technician to report is any breathing pause by a neonate lasting longer than 20 seconds. This can indicate apnea and could lead to an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). A breathing pause of 10 seconds or less is called periodic breathing and is a normal pattern for a neonate. Respirations should be counted for 1 minute, not 15 seconds. It is normal for neonates to use abdominal muscles for breathing. 3. The abnormal assessment finding for vital signs that the nurse should instruct a nurse technician to report is any breathing pause by a neonate lasting longer than 20 seconds. This can indicate apnea and could lead to an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). A breathing pause of 10 seconds or less is called periodic breathing and is a normal pattern for a neonate. Respirations should be counted for 1 minute, not 15 seconds. It is normal for neonates to use abdominal muscles for breathing. 4. The abnormal assessment finding for vital signs that the nurse should instruct a nurse technician to report is any breathing pause by a neonate lasting longer than 20 seconds. This can indicate apnea and could lead to an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). A breathing pause of 10 seconds or less is called periodic breathing and is a normal pattern for a neonate. Respirations should be counted for 1 minute, not 15 seconds. It is normal for neonates to use abdominal muscles for breathing.

An adolescent with cystic fibrosis is intubated with an endotracheal tube. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this adolescent? 1. Potential for Imbalanced Nutrition, More Than Body Requirements Related to Inactivity 2. Anxiety Related to Leaving Chores Undone at Home 3. Potential for Fear of Future Pain Related to Medical Procedures 4. Powerlessness (Moderate) Related to Inability to Speak to or Communicate with Friends

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The adolescent values communication with peers and may feel frustrated that he cannot speak to them while intubated. The adolescent is present-oriented and is unlikely to worry about household chores or future unknown procedures. The adolescent with cystic fibrosis is likely to be underweight and is unlikely to take in more calories than needed while intubated. 2. The adolescent values communication with peers and may feel frustrated that he cannot speak to them while intubated. The adolescent is present-oriented and is unlikely to worry about household chores or future unknown procedures. The adolescent with cystic fibrosis is likely to be underweight and is unlikely to take in more calories than needed while intubated. 3. The adolescent values communication with peers and may feel frustrated that he cannot speak to them while intubated. The adolescent is present-oriented and is unlikely to worry about household chores or future unknown procedures. The adolescent with cystic fibrosis is likely to be underweight and is unlikely to take in more calories than needed while intubated. 4. The adolescent values communication with peers and may feel frustrated that he cannot speak to them while intubated. The adolescent is present-oriented and is unlikely to worry about household chores or future unknown procedures. The adolescent with cystic fibrosis is likely to be underweight and is unlikely to take in more calories than needed while intubated

The nurse is reviewing the immunization record of an adolescent who will be seen later in the day. Which item in the client's history makes hepatitis B status a priority? 1. Chronic acne 2. Overuse injuries from playing varsity sports 3. Chronic asthma 4. Plans to get a tattoo

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The adolescent who is most at risk in the scenario presented is the teen who is planning on getting a tattoo. Adolescents with chronic acne or asthma do not have an increased risk for hepatitis B, since transmission has nothing to do with a diagnosis of acne. Overuse of muscles while playing sports is not related to development of hepatitis B. 2. The adolescent who is most at risk in the scenario presented is the teen who is planning on getting a tattoo. Adolescents with chronic acne or asthma do not have an increased risk for hepatitis B, since transmission has nothing to do with a diagnosis of acne. Overuse of muscles while playing sports is not related to development of hepatitis B. 3. The adolescent who is most at risk in the scenario presented is the teen who is planning on getting a tattoo. Adolescents with chronic acne or asthma do not have an increased risk for hepatitis B, since transmission has nothing to do with a diagnosis of acne. Overuse of muscles while playing sports is not related to development of hepatitis B. 4. The adolescent who is most at risk in the scenario presented is the teen who is planning on getting a tattoo. Adolescents with chronic acne or asthma do not have an increased risk for hepatitis B, since transmission has nothing to do with a diagnosis of acne. Overuse of muscles while playing sports is not related to development of hepatitis B.

A new pediatric hospital will open soon. While planning nursing care, the hospital administration is considering two models of providing healthcare: family-focused care and family-centered care. Which action best demonstrates family-centered care? 1. Telling the family what must be done for the family's health 2. Assuming the role of an expert professional to direct the healthcare 3. Intervening for the child and family as a unit 4. Conferring with the family in deciding which healthcare option will be chosen

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The benefit of employing the family-centered-care philosophy is that the priorities and needs as seen by the family are addressed as a partnership between a family and a nurse develops. In family-focused care, the healthcare worker assumes the role of professional expert while missing the multiple contributions the family brings to the healthcare meeting. 2. The benefit of employing the family-centered-care philosophy is that the priorities and needs as seen by the family are addressed as a partnership between a family and a nurse develops. In family-focused care, the healthcare worker assumes the role of professional expert while missing the multiple contributions the family brings to the healthcare meeting. 3. The benefit of employing the family-centered-care philosophy is that the priorities and needs as seen by the family are addressed as a partnership between a family and a nurse develops. In family-focused care, the healthcare worker assumes the role of professional expert while missing the multiple contributions the family brings to the healthcare meeting. 4. The benefit of employing the family-centered-care philosophy is that the priorities and needs as seen by the family are addressed as a partnership between a family and a nurse develops. In family-focused care, the healthcare worker assumes the role of professional expert while missing the multiple contributions the family brings to the healthcare meeting.

) Reducing the number of preventable childhood illnesses is a major national goal in Healthy People 2020. What will the school nurse teach families regarding immunizations in order to reach this goal? 1. A minor illness with a low-grade fever is a contraindication to receiving an immunization according to Healthy People 2020. 2. Vaccines should be given one at a time for optimum active immunity in the prevention of illness and disease. 3. Premature infants and low-birth-weight infants should receive half doses of vaccines for protection from communicable diseases. 4. It is important to maintain vaccination coverage for recommended vaccines in early childhood and to maintain them through kindergarten.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks from communicable diseases and resulting complications. A minor illness is not a contraindication to immunization. Giving vaccines one at a time will result in many missed opportunities. Half doses of vaccines should not be given routinely to premature and low-birth-weight infants. 2. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks from communicable diseases and resulting complications. A minor illness is not a contraindication to immunization. Giving vaccines one at a time will result in many missed opportunities. Half doses of vaccines should not be given routinely to premature and low-birth-weight infants. 3. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks from communicable diseases and resulting complications. A minor illness is not a contraindication to immunization. Giving vaccines one at a time will result in many missed opportunities. Half doses of vaccines should not be given routinely to premature and low-birth-weight infants. 4. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks from communicable diseases and resulting complications. A minor illness is not a contraindication to immunization. Giving vaccines one at a time will result in many missed opportunities. Half doses of vaccines should not be given routinely to premature and low-birth-weight infants.

What must a home-health nurse realize prior to accepting an assignment? 1. All decisions will be made by the healthcare provider. 2. The family will adapt their lifestyle to the needs of the nurse. 3. Independent decisions regarding emergency care of the child will be made by the nurse. 4. The family is in charge.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The home-health nurse must realize that the family is in charge. The nurse must be flexible and adaptable to the lifestyle of the family. The family must provide informed consent for emergency care. 2. The home-health nurse must realize that the family is in charge. The nurse must be flexible and adaptable to the lifestyle of the family. The family must provide informed consent for emergency care. 3. The home-health nurse must realize that the family is in charge. The nurse must be flexible and adaptable to the lifestyle of the family. The family must provide informed consent for emergency care. 4. The home-health nurse must realize that the family is in charge. The nurse must be flexible and adaptable to the lifestyle of the family. The family must provide informed consent for emergency care.

An infant has been NPO for surgery for 4 hours and does not have an intravenous line. The nurse receives a call from the operating room with the information that the surgery has been postponed due to an emergency. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. Feed the infant 4 ounces of formula. 2. Reassure the parents that it will not be much longer before surgery. 3. Allow the parents to feed the infant an ounce of oral rehydration solution. 4. Call the physician to see if the infant needs to have an intravenous line started

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The infant who is NPO is at high risk for dehydration. The nurse does not know how much longer it will be before surgery. The nurse cannot independently make the decision to feed the infant. Feeding the infant could further postpone the surgery, should an operating room become available sooner than expected. It is best to keep the infant NPO and consult the physician to see if an intravenous line is needed. 2. The infant who is NPO is at high risk for dehydration. The nurse does not know how much longer it will be before surgery. The nurse cannot independently make the decision to feed the infant. Feeding the infant could further postpone the surgery, should an operating room become available sooner than expected. It is best to keep the infant NPO and consult the physician to see if an intravenous line is needed. 3. The infant who is NPO is at high risk for dehydration. The nurse does not know how much longer it will be before surgery. The nurse cannot independently make the decision to feed the infant. Feeding the infant could further postpone the surgery, should an operating room become available sooner than expected. It is best to keep the infant NPO and consult the physician to see if an intravenous line is needed. 4. The infant who is NPO is at high risk for dehydration. The nurse does not know how much longer it will be before surgery. The nurse cannot independently make the decision to feed the infant. Feeding the infant could further postpone the surgery, should an operating room become available sooner than expected. It is best to keep the infant NPO and consult the physician to see if an intravenous line is needed.

4) The nurse is performing an assessment of a child's biologic family history. Which situation would necessitate the nurse's asking the mother for information should use the term "child's father" instead of "your husband"? 1. Traditional nuclear family 2. Traditional extended family 3. Two-income nuclear family 4. Cohabitating informal stepfamily

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The mother from the cohabitating informal stepfamily does not have a husband; the nurse should be asking about the "child's father." In the traditional nuclear family, the traditional extended family, and the two-income nuclear family, the child's father is the same person as the mother's husband. 2. The mother from the cohabitating informal stepfamily does not have a husband; the nurse should be asking about the "child's father." In the traditional nuclear family, the traditional extended family, and the two-income nuclear family, the child's father is the same person as the mother's husband. 3. The mother from the cohabitating informal stepfamily does not have a husband; the nurse should be asking about the "child's father." In the traditional nuclear family, the traditional extended family, and the two-income nuclear family, the child's father is the same person as the mother's husband. 4. The mother from the cohabitating informal stepfamily does not have a husband; the nurse should be asking about the "child's father." In the traditional nuclear family, the traditional extended family, and the two-income nuclear family, the child's father is the same person as the mother's husband.

Which action by the nurse can assist a child who has a mild hearing loss and reads lips to adapt to hospitalization? 1. Speaking directly to the parents for communication 2. Speaking in a loud voice while facing the child 3. Using a picture board as the main means of communication 4. Touching the child lightly before speaking

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse can facilitate hospital adaptation of a child who has a hearing loss and can lip-read by obtaining the child's visual attention by lightly touching the child before communicating. Speaking to the parents only does not help the child with the hospitalization. Speaking in a loud voice may not promote hearing in the child, and a picture board, while useful, should not be the primary means of communication for a child who reads lips. 2. The nurse can facilitate hospital adaptation of a child who has a hearing loss and can lip-read by obtaining the child's visual attention by lightly touching the child before communicating. Speaking to the parents only does not help the child with the hospitalization. Speaking in a loud voice may not promote hearing in the child, and a picture board, while useful, should not be the primary means of communication for a child who reads lips. 3. The nurse can facilitate hospital adaptation of a child who has a hearing loss and can lip-read by obtaining the child's visual attention by lightly touching the child before communicating. Speaking to the parents only does not help the child with the hospitalization. Speaking in a loud voice may not promote hearing in the child, and a picture board, while useful, should not be the primary means of communication for a child who reads lips. 4. The nurse can facilitate hospital adaptation of a child who has a hearing loss and can lip-read by obtaining the child's visual attention by lightly touching the child before communicating. Speaking to the parents only does not help the child with the hospitalization. Speaking in a loud voice may not promote hearing in the child, and a picture board, while useful, should not be the primary means of communication for a child who reads lips

The nurse is checking peripheral perfusion to a child's extremity following a cardiac catheterization. Which assessment finding indicates adequate peripheral circulation to the affected extremity? 1. A capillary refill of greater than three seconds 2. A palpable dorsalis pedis pulse but a weak posterior tibial pulse 3. A decrease in sensation with a weakened dorsalis pedis pulse 4. A capillary refill of less than three seconds with palpable warmth

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The nurse checks the extremity to determine adequacy of circulation following a cardiac catheterization. An extremity that is warm with capillary refill of less than three seconds has adequate circulation. Other indicators of adequate circulation include palpable pedal (dorsalis and posterior tibial) pulses, adequate sensation, and pinkness of skin color. If the capillary refill is over three seconds; if any of the pedal pulses are absent and/or weakened; or if the extremity is cool, cyanotic, or lacking sensation, circulation may not be adequate. 2. The nurse checks the extremity to determine adequacy of circulation following a cardiac catheterization. An extremity that is warm with capillary refill of less than three seconds has adequate circulation. Other indicators of adequate circulation include palpable pedal (dorsalis and posterior tibial) pulses, adequate sensation, and pinkness of skin color. If the capillary refill is over three seconds; if any of the pedal pulses are absent and/or weakened; or if the extremity is cool, cyanotic, or lacking sensation, circulation may not be adequate. 3. The nurse checks the extremity to determine adequacy of circulation following a cardiac catheterization. An extremity that is warm with capillary refill of less than three seconds has adequate circulation. Other indicators of adequate circulation include palpable pedal (dorsalis and posterior tibial) pulses, adequate sensation, and pinkness of skin color. If the capillary refill is over three seconds; if any of the pedal pulses are absent and/or weakened; or if the extremity is cool, cyanotic, or lacking sensation, circulation may not be adequate. 4. The nurse checks the extremity to determine adequacy of circulation following a cardiac catheterization. An extremity that is warm with capillary refill of less than three seconds has adequate circulation. Other indicators of adequate circulation include palpable pedal (dorsalis and posterior tibial) pulses, adequate sensation, and pinkness of skin color. If the capillary refill is over three seconds; if any of the pedal pulses are absent and/or weakened; or if the extremity is cool, cyanotic, or lacking sensation, circulation may not be adequate

Place the nursing assessments of a toddler in the best order. 1. Examination of eyes, ears, and throat 2. Auscultation of chest 3. Palpation of abdomen 4. Developmental assessment

Answer: 4, 2, 3, 1 Developmental assessment Auscultation of chest Palpation of abdomen Examination of eyes, ears, and throat Explanation: In examining a toddler, it is usually best to go from least invasive to most invasive examination in order to build trust and cooperation. Developmental assessment involves visual inspection and activities that the toddler may view as games and will likely cooperate with. Auscultation is usually less threatening to the toddler than palpation, especially if the nurse were to use the stethoscope on a parent or a toy. The most uncomfortable, invasive exam for the toddler is most likely to be the examination of the eyes, ears, and throat, so that should be performed last.

The parents of a toddler-age child who sustained severe head trauma from falling out a second-story window are arguing in the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU) and blaming each other for the child's accident. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this family? 1. Parental Role Conflict Related to Protecting the Child 2. Hopelessness Related to the Child's Deteriorating Condition 3. Anxiety Related to the Critical-Care-Unit Environment 4. Family Coping: Compromised, Related to the Child's Critical Injury

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The parents are displaying ineffective coping behaviors as a family. Parental role conflict does not refer to the parents' argument in the PICU, but means a parent is conflicted or confused about some aspect of the parental role. Each parent may be experiencing hopelessness, frustration, and anxiety, but they are not coping well as a family unit. 2. The parents are displaying ineffective coping behaviors as a family. Parental role conflict does not refer to the parents' argument in the PICU, but means a parent is conflicted or confused about some aspect of the parental role. Each parent may be experiencing hopelessness, frustration, and anxiety, but they are not coping well as a family unit. 3. The parents are displaying ineffective coping behaviors as a family. Parental role conflict does not refer to the parents' argument in the PICU, but means a parent is conflicted or confused about some aspect of the parental role. Each parent may be experiencing hopelessness, frustration, and anxiety, but they are not coping well as a family unit. 4. The parents are displaying ineffective coping behaviors as a family. Parental role conflict does not refer to the parents' argument in the PICU, but means a parent is conflicted or confused about some aspect of the parental role. Each parent may be experiencing hopelessness, frustration, and anxiety, but they are not coping well as a family unit.

The nurse must prepare parents to see their adolescent daughter in the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU). The child arrived by life flight after experiencing multiple traumas in a car accident involving a suspected drunk driver. At this time, which statement by the nurse to the family is the most appropriate? 1. "Don't worry; everything will be okay. We will take excellent care of your child." 2. "You should press charges against the drunk driver." 3. "Your child's leg was crushed and may have to be amputated." 4. "Your child's condition is very critical; her face is swollen, and she may not look like herself."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The priority is to prepare the parents for the child's changed appearance. The nurse must not offer false reassurance nor project future stressful events. Truthful statements about the child's condition can be introduced after the parents have seen the child and grasped the situation. The nurse supports the family but remains nonjudgmental about accident details. 2. The priority is to prepare the parents for the child's changed appearance. The nurse must not offer false reassurance nor project future stressful events. Truthful statements about the child's condition can be introduced after the parents have seen the child and grasped the situation. The nurse supports the family but remains nonjudgmental about accident details. 3. The priority is to prepare the parents for the child's changed appearance. The nurse must not offer false reassurance nor project future stressful events. Truthful statements about the child's condition can be introduced after the parents have seen the child and grasped the situation. The nurse supports the family but remains nonjudgmental about accident details. 4. The priority is to prepare the parents for the child's changed appearance. The nurse must not offer false reassurance nor project future stressful events. Truthful statements about the child's condition can be introduced after the parents have seen the child and grasped the situation. The nurse supports the family but remains nonjudgmental about accident details.

A nurse says to the mother of a 6-month-old infant, "Does the baby sit without assistance, and is the baby crawling?" Which process is the nurse using in this interaction? 1. Health promotion 2. Health maintenance 3. Disease surveillance 4. Developmental surveillance

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The question asked by the nurse is seeking information about developmental milestones; therefore, the nurse is involved in developmental surveillance. While health-promotion and health-maintenance activities are related to developmental surveillance, this question is looking specifically at the milestones; therefore, the answers "health promotion" and "health maintenance" are incorrect. The questions asked in the stem are not classified as disease-surveillance questions. 2. The question asked by the nurse is seeking information about developmental milestones; therefore, the nurse is involved in developmental surveillance. While health-promotion and health-maintenance activities are related to developmental surveillance, this question is looking specifically at the milestones; therefore, the answers "health promotion" and "health maintenance" are incorrect. The questions asked in the stem are not classified as disease-surveillance questions. 3. The question asked by the nurse is seeking information about developmental milestones; therefore, the nurse is involved in developmental surveillance. While health-promotion and health-maintenance activities are related to developmental surveillance, this question is looking specifically at the milestones; therefore, the answers "health promotion" and "health maintenance" are incorrect. The questions asked in the stem are not classified as disease-surveillance questions. 4. The question asked by the nurse is seeking information about developmental milestones; therefore, the nurse is involved in developmental surveillance. While health-promotion and health-maintenance activities are related to developmental surveillance, this question is looking specifically at the milestones; therefore, the answers "health promotion" and "health maintenance" are incorrect. The questions asked in the stem are not classified as disease-surveillance questions.

A school nurse is performing annual height and weight screening. The nurse notes that three females who are close friends each lost 15 pounds over the past year. What is the priority nursing action in this situation? 1. Call the respective parents to discuss the eating patterns of each adolescent. 2. Speak with the girls in a group to discuss the problems associated with anorexia nervosa. 3. Refer these adolescents to the school psychologist. 4. Obtain a nutritional history for each of these adolescents.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. The school nurse must evaluate why these three friends have all lost 15 pounds in one year. The best way to begin this assessment is to obtain a nutritional history for each client. Speaking with the parents would not be appropriate at this time. Discussing anorexia nervosa is too extreme, as is referring the adolescents to a school psychologist without performing a complete nursing assessment. 2. The school nurse must evaluate why these three friends have all lost 15 pounds in one year. The best way to begin this assessment is to obtain a nutritional history for each client. Speaking with the parents would not be appropriate at this time. Discussing anorexia nervosa is too extreme, as is referring the adolescents to a school psychologist without performing a complete nursing assessment. 3. The school nurse must evaluate why these three friends have all lost 15 pounds in one year. The best way to begin this assessment is to obtain a nutritional history for each client. Speaking with the parents would not be appropriate at this time. Discussing anorexia nervosa is too extreme, as is referring the adolescents to a school psychologist without performing a complete nursing assessment. 4. The school nurse must evaluate why these three friends have all lost 15 pounds in one year. The best way to begin this assessment is to obtain a nutritional history for each client. Speaking with the parents would not be appropriate at this time. Discussing anorexia nervosa is too extreme, as is referring the adolescents to a school psychologist without performing a complete nursing assessment.

The community-health nurse visits the child-care center. Which finding indicates the need for staff education? 1. A group of 2-year-olds are eating a snack of Cheerios. 2. Several 4-year-olds are outside playing on a slide. 3. An 18-month-old is pushing a toy truck. 4. A 2-month-old is sleeping in a crib on his stomach.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. To decrease the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), infants should be placed on their backs to sleep. All of the other examples are developmentally appropriate activities for the specified age group. 2. To decrease the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), infants should be placed on their backs to sleep. All of the other examples are developmentally appropriate activities for the specified age group. 3. To decrease the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), infants should be placed on their backs to sleep. All of the other examples are developmentally appropriate activities for the specified age group. 4. To decrease the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), infants should be placed on their backs to sleep. All of the other examples are developmentally appropriate activities for the specified age group.

The nurse of an outpatient clinic is sitting with the parents while their adolescent goes for a test. The parents are complaining about their child's behavior. Which statement by the nurse fosters family-centered communication? 1. "I agree with you; discipline is an important part of parenting." 2. "I know just how you feel. I had the same experience with my children." 3. "You are so right. Adolescents function in the "me-first" mode all the time." 4. "Tell me what concerns you about your child's behavior."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. Using an open-ended question allows the parents to discuss a family concern. All the other questions or statements are blocking statements and would not foster family-centered communication. 2. Using an open-ended question allows the parents to discuss a family concern. All the other questions or statements are blocking statements and would not foster family-centered communication. 3. Using an open-ended question allows the parents to discuss a family concern. All the other questions or statements are blocking statements and would not foster family-centered communication. 4. Using an open-ended question allows the parents to discuss a family concern. All the other questions or statements are blocking statements and would not foster family-centered communication

While trying to inform a young school-age client about what will occur during an upcoming CT scan, the nurse notices that the child is engaged in a collective monologue, talking about a new puppy. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate in this situation? 1. "Please stop talking about your puppy. I need to tell you about your CT scan." 2. Ignore the child's responses and continue discussing the procedure. 3. "I'll come back when you are ready to talk with me more about your CT scan." 4. "You must be so excited to have a new puppy! They are so much fun. Now, let me tell you again about going downstairs in a wheelchair to a special room."

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. When a child becomes engaged in a collective monologue, it is best to respond to the content of his or her conversation and then attempt to reinsert facts about the content that needs to be covered. 2. When a child becomes engaged in a collective monologue, it is best to respond to the content of his or her conversation and then attempt to reinsert facts about the content that needs to be covered. 3. When a child becomes engaged in a collective monologue, it is best to respond to the content of his or her conversation and then attempt to reinsert facts about the content that needs to be covered. 4. When a child becomes engaged in a collective monologue, it is best to respond to the content of his or her conversation and then attempt to reinsert facts about the content that needs to be covered.

The charge nurse is concerned with reducing the stressors of hospitalization. Which nursing intervention is most helpful in decreasing the stressors for the toddler-age client? 1. Assign the same nurse to the toddler as much as possible. 2. Let the child listen to an audiotape of the mother's voice. 3. Place a picture of the family at the bedside. 4. Encourage a parent to stay with the child.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. While all of the interventions are appropriate for the hospitalized toddler, presence of a parent is most important. Separation from parents is the major stressor for the hospitalized toddler. 2. While all of the interventions are appropriate for the hospitalized toddler, presence of a parent is most important. Separation from parents is the major stressor for the hospitalized toddler. 3. While all of the interventions are appropriate for the hospitalized toddler, presence of a parent is most important. Separation from parents is the major stressor for the hospitalized toddler. 4. While all of the interventions are appropriate for the hospitalized toddler, presence of a parent is most important. Separation from parents is the major stressor for the hospitalized toddler.

The nurse must perform a procedure on a toddler. Which technique is the most appropriate when performing the procedure? 1. Ask the mother to restrain the child during the procedure. 2. Ask the child if it is okay to start the procedure. 3. Perform the procedure in the child's hospital bed. 4. Allow the child to cry or scream.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. While the toddler will need to be restrained, the parent should not be the one to do this. The nurse should avoid giving the child a choice if there is no choice. The treatment room should be utilized for the procedure so that the hospital bed remains a safe place. The child should be allowed to cry or scream during the procedure. 2. While the toddler will need to be restrained, the parent should not be the one to do this. The nurse should avoid giving the child a choice if there is no choice. The treatment room should be utilized for the procedure so that the hospital bed remains a safe place. The child should be allowed to cry or scream during the procedure. 3. While the toddler will need to be restrained, the parent should not be the one to do this. The nurse should avoid giving the child a choice if there is no choice. The treatment room should be utilized for the procedure so that the hospital bed remains a safe place. The child should be allowed to cry or scream during the procedure. 4. While the toddler will need to be restrained, the parent should not be the one to do this. The nurse should avoid giving the child a choice if there is no choice. The treatment room should be utilized for the procedure so that the hospital bed remains a safe place. The child should be allowed to cry or scream during the procedure.

A pediatric nurse who is employed in a busy ambulatory clinic setting is informed by the nurse manager that average nursing time allocated for each child and family is being reduced to 10 minutes to more efficiently manage the clinic. The nursing activities must include a nursing assessment and discussion on anticipatory guidance. Which of these strategies should the nurse utilize in the plan of care delivery? 1. Attempt to complete the assessment and education in 10 minutes, but extend the time whenever the nurse deems necessary. 2. Plan to do the anticipatory guidance first since either the nurse practitioner or the physician can perform the assessment of the child. 3. Encourage the parent to ask for specific time to talk with the nurse privately at each office visit. 4. Focus anticipatory guidance strategies on topics that the parent or child have expressed as an area of interest.

Answer: 4 Explanation: 1. With limited time for each visit, the nurse should focus on anticipatory guidance strategies that will most benefit the parent and child during that office visit. 2. With limited time for each visit, the nurse should focus on anticipatory guidance strategies that will most benefit the parent and child during that office visit. 3. With limited time for each visit, the nurse should focus on anticipatory guidance strategies that will most benefit the parent and child during that office visit. 4. With limited time for each visit, the nurse should focus on anticipatory guidance strategies that will most benefit the parent and child during that office visit.

The nurse is discussing genetic conditions with a family of a newborn. Which genetic conditions fall under the inheritance pattern of autosomal recessive conditions? Select all that apply. 1. Achondroplasia 2. Marfan syndrome 3. Hemophilia A 4. Cystic fibrosis 5. Sickle cell disease

Answer: 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Achondroplasia is not an autosomal recessive condition. Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-sachs disease all are autosomal recessive conditions. 2. Marfan syndrome is not an autosomal recessive condition. Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-sachs disease all are autosomal recessive conditions. 3. Hemophilia A is not an autosomal recessive condition. Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-sachs disease all are autosomal recessive conditions. 4. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition. Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-sachs disease all are autosomal recessive conditions. 5. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive condition. Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-sachs disease all are autosomal recessive conditions.

A three-week-old infant is returned post-pyloromyotomy three hours ago. The father is refusing pain medication for the infant and states, "The baby is hungry. Can I give the baby a bottle?" How should the nurse best advocate for the infant? Select all that apply. 1. Call the physician to ask if the child can feed yet. 2. The FLACC scale rating is 8 out of 10; try swaddling and rocking the infant. 3. Ask the parent to obtain a FLACC scale rating and let the nurse know what rating they get. 4. Educate the parent about the surgery and why the infant should not have anything by mouth. 5. Inform the parent about the meaning of the pain scale and the need for pain medication

Answer: 4, 5 Explanation: 1. Calling the physician to ask if the infant can feed yet is not the best way to advocate for the infant. 2. Swaddling and rocking the infant may calm the child but is not the best way to advocate for the infant. 3. Asking the parent to obtain a FLACC scale rating and let the nurse know what rating they get. This is not the parents' duty. It is the nurse's responsibility to assess pain. 4. Educating the parent about the surgery and why the infant should not have anything by mouth is a good way to advocate for the infant. 5. Informing the parent about the meaning of the pain scale and the need for pain medication is a good way to advocate for the infant.

The nurse is completing the intake and output record for a preschool-age client admitted for fluid volume deficit. The client has had the following intake and output during the shift: Intake: 4 oz of Pedialyte 1/2 of an 8-oz cup of clear orange Jell-O 2 graham crackers 200 mL of D 5-1/2 sodium chloride IV Output: 345 mL of urine 50 mL of loose stool The nurse documents the client's intake as ________ milliliters. Round the answer to the nearest whole number.

Answer: 440 Explanation: Pedialyte, Jell-O and IV fluid would be calculated for intake. The child has had 240 mL orally and 200 mL intravenously for a total of 440.

A child with asthma will be receiving an oral dose of prednisone. The order reads prednisone 2 mg/kg per day. The child weighs 50 lbs. The child will receive ________ milligrams daily. (Round the answer.) Round the answer to the nearest whole number

Answer: 45.5 = 46 Explanation: 22.7 × 2 = 45.5 (46)

A child is being treated for dehydration with intravenous fluids. The child currently weighs 13 kg and is estimated to have lost 7 percent of the normal body weight. The nurse is double-checking the IV rate the practitioner has ordered. The formula the practitioner used was for maintenance fluids: 1000 mL for 10 kg of body weight plus 50 cc for every kg over 10 for 24 hours. Replacement fluid is the percentage of lost body weight × 10 per kg of body weight. According to the calculation for maintenance plus replacement fluid, this child's hourly IV rate for 24 hours should be ________ mL. Round the answer to the nearest whole number.

Answer: 86 Explanation: Maintenance need for 13 kg is 1000 + (50 × 3), or 1150 mL/24 hours. Add to this the replacement-fluid loss = 7 (percent of total body weight lost) × 10 = 70 mL/kg/24 hours (70 × 13 = 910). 1150 + 910 = 2060 for 24 hours. 2060/24 = 86 mL per hour.

As an advocate for the child undergoing bone-marrow aspiration, which intervention would the nurse suggest to decrease the pain experienced due to the procedure? 1. General anesthesia 2. Conscious sedation 3. Intravenous narcotics ten minutes before the procedure 4. Oral pain medication for discomfort after the procedure

As an advocate for the child undergoing bone-marrow aspiration, which intervention would the nurse suggest to decrease the pain experienced due to the procedure? 1. General anesthesia 2. Conscious sedation 3. Intravenous narcotics ten minutes before the procedure 4. Oral pain medication for discomfort after the procedure Answer: 2 Explanation: 1. For the child undergoing repeated procedures, it is important for the child to be sedated prior to and during the initial procedure. General anesthesia is not necessary for bone-marrow aspiration. Narcotics alone will not provide appropriate sedation to keep the child from remembering the procedure. While oral pain medication postprocedure is not inappropriate if discomfort exists, it is not the best answer. The child will have great anxiety and discomfort during the procedures and prior to future procedures. 2. For the child undergoing repeated procedures, it is important for the child to be sedated prior to and during the initial procedure. General anesthesia is not necessary for bone-marrow aspiration. Narcotics alone will not provide appropriate sedation to keep the child from remembering the procedure. While oral pain medication postprocedure is not inappropriate if discomfort exists, it is not the best answer. The child will have great anxiety and discomfort during the procedures and prior to future procedures. 3. For the child undergoing repeated procedures, it is important for the child to be sedated prior to and during the initial procedure. General anesthesia is not necessary for bone-marrow aspiration. Narcotics alone will not provide appropriate sedation to keep the child from remembering the procedure. While oral pain medication postprocedure is not inappropriate if discomfort exists, it is not the best answer. The child will have great anxiety and discomfort during the procedures and prior to future procedures. 4. For the child undergoing repeated procedures, it is important for the child to be sedated prior to and during the initial procedure. General anesthesia is not necessary for bone-marrow aspiration. Narcotics alone will not provide appropriate sedation to keep the child from remembering the procedure. While oral pain medication postprocedure is not inappropriate if discomfort exists, it is not the best answer. The child will have great anxiety and discomfort during the procedures and prior to future procedures.

In the morning, a nurse receives a report on four pediatric clients who have some form of fluid-volume excess. Which client should the nurse assess first? 1. A client with periorbital edema, normal respiratory rate 2. A client with tachypnea and pulmonary congestion 3. A client with dependent and sacral edema, regular pulse 4. A client with hepatomegaly, normal respiratory rate

Explanation: 1. A child with respiratory distress should be the first client the nurse checks after receiving report. The child with periorbital edema and normal respiratory rate, the child with dependent and sacral edema and regular pulse, and the child with hepatomegaly and normal respiratory rate are all more stable than the child with tachypnea and pulmonary congestion. 2. A child with respiratory distress should be the first client the nurse checks after receiving report. The child with periorbital edema and normal respiratory rate, the child with dependent and sacral edema and regular pulse, and the child with hepatomegaly and normal respiratory rate are all more stable than the child with tachypnea and pulmonary congestion. 3. A child with respiratory distress should be the first client the nurse checks after receiving report. The child with periorbital edema and normal respiratory rate, the child with dependent and sacral edema and regular pulse, and the child with hepatomegaly and normal respiratory rate are all more stable than the child with tachypnea and pulmonary congestion. 4. A child with respiratory distress should be the first client the nurse checks after receiving report. The child with periorbital edema and normal respiratory rate, the child with dependent and sacral edema and regular pulse, and the child with hepatomegaly and normal respiratory rate are all more stable than the child with tachypnea and pulmonary congestion

When examining a toddler-age child during a well-child physical, which assessment is the priority? 1. Visual acuity 2. Helmet use 3. Risk of lead exposure 4. Whether household drinking water contains fluorine

Explanation: 1. Elevated lead levels are neurotoxic to young children and, if untreated, can cause irreparable neurological damage. Visual acuity may be difficult to accurately assess at this age secondary to the child's compliance and ability to understand the directions for the screening test. While teaching helmet use at an early age is important, it is unlikely that this child is riding a bicycle yet, and although early exposure to fluorine is important for good dental health, lack of fluorinated drinking water will not be as harmful to the child as toxic lead levels. 2. Elevated lead levels are neurotoxic to young children and, if untreated, can cause irreparable neurological damage. Visual acuity may be difficult to accurately assess at this age secondary to the child's compliance and ability to understand the directions for the screening test. While teaching helmet use at an early age is important, it is unlikely that this child is riding a bicycle yet, and although early exposure to fluorine is important for good dental health, lack of fluorinated drinking water will not be as harmful to the child as toxic lead levels. 3. Elevated lead levels are neurotoxic to young children and, if untreated, can cause irreparable neurological damage. Visual acuity may be difficult to accurately assess at this age secondary to the child's compliance and ability to understand the directions for the screening test. While teaching helmet use at an early age is important, it is unlikely that this child is riding a bicycle yet, and although early exposure to fluorine is important for good dental health, lack of fluorinated drinking water will not be as harmful to the child as toxic lead levels. 4. Elevated lead levels are neurotoxic to young children and, if untreated, can cause irreparable neurological damage. Visual acuity may be difficult to accurately assess at this age secondary to the child's compliance and ability to understand the directions for the screening test. While teaching helmet use at an early age is important, it is unlikely that this child is riding a bicycle yet, and although early exposure to fluorine is important for good dental health, lack of fluorinated drinking water will not be as harmful to the child as toxic lead levels

The nurse is assessing a group of children attending summer camp. The nurse will expect which children to most likely have problems perceiving a sense of belonging? 1. Children whose parents divorced recently 2. Children who gained a stepparent recently 3. Children recently placed into foster care 4. Children adopted as infants

The nurse is assessing a group of children attending summer camp. The nurse will expect which children to most likely have problems perceiving a sense of belonging? 1. Children whose parents divorced recently 2. Children who gained a stepparent recently 3. Children recently placed into foster care 4. Children adopted as infants Answer: 3 Explanation: 1. Children in foster care are more likely to have problems perceiving a sense of belonging. Children whose parents divorce often fear abandonment. Children who gain a stepparent may have problems trusting the new parent. Infants who are adopted at birth can have minimal problems with acceptance when parents follow preadoption counseling about disclosure. 2. Children in foster care are more likely to have problems perceiving a sense of belonging. Children whose parents divorce often fear abandonment. Children who gain a stepparent may have problems trusting the new parent. Infants who are adopted at birth can have minimal problems with acceptance when parents follow preadoption counseling about disclosure. 3. Children in foster care are more likely to have problems perceiving a sense of belonging. Children whose parents divorce often fear abandonment. Children who gain a stepparent may have problems trusting the new parent. Infants who are adopted at birth can have minimal problems with acceptance when parents follow preadoption counseling about disclosure. 4. Children in foster care are more likely to have problems perceiving a sense of belonging. Children whose parents divorce often fear abandonment. Children who gain a stepparent may have problems trusting the new parent. Infants who are adopted at birth can have minimal problems with acceptance when parents follow preadoption counseling about disclosure.

Parents of a child with a congenital heart defect ask what the chances are of recurrence in future pregnancies. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? 1. "There is a 50 percent chance of recurrence in a future pregnancy." 2. "There is a very low chance of recurrence." 3. "It should not happen again with a future pregnancy." 4. "There is a strong chance of recurrence."

nswer: 2 Explanation: 1. There is a very low rate of recurrence with congenital heart defects. The other statements are not appropriate for the nurse to make in this situation. 2. There is a very low rate of recurrence with congenital heart defects. The other statements are not appropriate for the nurse to make in this situation. 3. There is a very low rate of recurrence with congenital heart defects. The other statements are not appropriate for the nurse to make in this situation. 4. There is a very low rate of recurrence with congenital heart defects. The other statements are not appropriate for the nurse to make in this situation.