pedi study
Katie, 4 years old, is admitted to outpatient surgery for removal of a cyst on her foot. Her mother puts the hospital gown on her, but Katie is crying because she wants to leave on her underpants. The most appropriate nursing action is to:
Allow her to wear her underpants.
A critically ill child has hyperthermia. The parents ask the nurse to give an antipyretic such as acetaminophen (Tylenol). The nurse should explain that antipyretics:
Are of no value in treating hyperthermia.
The Allen test is performed as a precautionary measure before which procedure?
Arterial puncture
Frequent urine testing for specific gravity and glucose are required on a 6-month-old infant. Which is the most appropriate way to collect small amounts of urine for these tests?
Aspirate urine from cotton balls inside diaper with a syringe.
A nurse, instructing parents of a hospitalized preschool child, explains that which is descriptive of the preschoolers understanding of time?
Associates time with events
A nurse is assessing a 12 month old infant. Which statement best describes the infants physical development a nurse should expect to find?
Birth weight doubles by age 5 months and triples by age 1 year.
The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a school-age child with vomiting associated with a viral illness. Which action should the nurse include?
Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting.
The most common initial reaction of parents to illness or injury and hospitalization in their child is:
disbelief
A mother who intended to breastfeed has given birth to an infant with a cleft palate. Nursing interventions should include:
encouraging and helping mother to breastfeed.
A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The physician explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results. However, the mother refuses to see or hold her baby. Initial therapeutic approach to the mother should be:
encouraging her to express her feelings.
The father of a 12-year-old child tells the nurse that he is concerned about his son getting "fat." His son is at the 50th percentile for height and the 75th percentile for weight on the growth chart. The most appropriate nursing action is to: a. reassure the father that his child is not fat. b. reassure the father that his child is just growing. c. suggest a low-calorie, low-fat diet. d. explain that this is typical of the growth pattern of boys at this age.
explain that this is typical of the growth pattern of boys at this age.
Which condition in a child should alert a nurse for increased fluid requirements?
fever
A nurse is planning a teaching session for a group of adolescents. The nurse understands that by adolescence the individual is in which stage of cognitive development?
formal operations
An appropriate intervention to encourage food and fluid intake in a hospitalized child is to
give high-quality foods and snacks whenever child expresses hunger.
A venipuncture will be performed on a 7-year-old girl. She wants her mother to hold her during the procedure. The nurse should recognize that this behavior is:
helpful to relax the child.
Which vaccine is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns?
hepatitis B vaccine
A nurse is admitting an infant with dehydration caused from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. Which type of dehydration is this infant experiencing?
hypertonic
Pyloric stenosis can best be described as:
hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle
According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing:
identity
The school nurse tells adolescents in the clinic that confidentiality and privacy will be maintained unless a life-threatening situation arises. This practice is:
important in establishing trusting relationships.
Which is the leading cause of death during the toddler period?
injuries
14. The nurse is interviewing the father of a 10-month-old infant. She is playing on the floor when she notices an electric outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says "no" firmly and removes her from near the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father that the infant: a. is old enough to understand the word "no." b. is too young to understand the word "no." c. should already know that electric outlets are dangerous. d. will learn safety issues better if she is spanked.
is old enough to understand "no"
Which type of dehydration is defined as dehydration that occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced proportion?
isotonic dehydration
Four-year-old Brian appears to be upset by hospitalization. Which is an appropriate intervention?
let him know it's all right to cry
The best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis is:
liver transplantation
In some genetically susceptible children, anesthetic agents can trigger malignant hyperthermia. The nurse should be alert in observing that, in addition to an increased temperature, an early sign of this disorder is:
muscle rigidity
Which technique is best for dealing with the negativism of the toddler?
offer the child choices
An infant is brought to the emergency department with dehydration. Which physical assessment finding does the nurse expect?
poor skin turgor
Which is a useful skill that the nurse should expect a 5-year-old child to be able to master?
to tie shoelaces
in the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks. The nurse should recognize in this situation that:
toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks.
The nurse is caring for an infant whose cleft lip was repaired. Important aspects of this infants postoperative care include:
Cleansing of suture line, supine and side-lying positions, and arm restraints.
Developmentally, most children at age 12 months:
Eat the same food as the rest of the family.
The nurse is caring for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula. Nursing care should include:
Elevating the head but giving nothing by mouth.
Nursing considerations related to the administration of oxygen in an infant include to:
Ensure uninterrupted delivery of the appropriate oxygen concentration.
Bismuth subsalicylate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are prescribed for a child with a peptic ulcer to:
Eradicate Helicobacter pylori.
A 3-year-old child has a fever associated with a viral illness. Her mother calls the nurse, reporting a fever of 102 F even though she had acetaminophen 2 hours ago. The nurses action should be based on which statement?
Fevers such as this are common with viral illnesses.
The most effective way to clean a toddlers teeth is for the
Parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other.
A 2-year-old child is being admitted to the hospital for possible bacterial meningitis. When preparing for a lumbar puncture, the nurses best action is to:
Prepare child for conscious sedation during the test.
A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she does not want another blood sample drawn because I need all my insides, and I dont want anyone taking them out. Which is the nurses best interpretation of this?
Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries.
Caring for the newborn with a cleft lip and palate before surgical repair includes:
Providing satisfaction of sucking needs.
Which predisposes the adolescent to feel an increased need for sleep?
Rapid physical growth
Which is descriptive of a toddlers cognitive development at age 20 months?
Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach
Latasha, age 8 years, is being admitted to the hospital from the emergency department with an injury from falling off her bicycle. Which will help her most in her adjustment to the hospital?
a. Explain hospital schedules to her, such as mealtimes.
A nurse is reviewing hormone changes that occur during adolescence. The hormone that is responsible for the growth of beard, mustache, and body hair in the male is:
androgen
The nurse approaches a group of school-age patients to administer medication to Sam Hart. To identify the correct child, the nurses action is to:
check the patients identification name band.
in terms of fine motor development, which should the 3-year-old child be expected to do? a. Lace shoes and tie shoelaces with a bow. b. Use scissors to cut pictures, and print a few numbers. c. Draw a person with seven parts and correctly identify the parts. d. Draw a circle and name what has been drawn.
d. Draw a circle and name what has been drawn.
The school nurse is conducting a class on bicycle safety. Which statement made by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?
"I can ride double with a friend if the bicycle has an extra large seat."
The nurse is caring for an adolescent who had an external fixator placed after suffering a fracture of the wrist during a bicycle accident. Which statement by the adolescent should be expected about separation anxiety?
"I hope my friends don't forget about visiting me."
A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the childs diet with the family. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
"I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."
The parents of a newborn say that their toddler hates the baby; he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away. Which is the nurses best reply?
"That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let's look at ways to deal with this."
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy. His parents tell the nurse that they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When the child asks the nurse when his parents are coming, the nurses best response is
"They will come after dinner."
The nurse should teach the adolescent that the long-term effects of tanning can cause which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
* Phototoxic reactions * Premature aging * Increased risk of skin cancer
A nurse is admitting a child with Crohn disease. Parents ask the nurse, How is this disease different from ulcerative colitis? Which statement should the nurse make when answering this question?
-"With Crohn's the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract."
A parent asks the nurse when will my infant start to teethe? The nurse responds that the earliest age at which an infant begins teething with eruption of lower central incisors is _____ months.
6
13. A parent asks the nurse at what age do most infants begin to fear strangers? The nurse should give which response? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 6 months d. 12 months
6 months
the nurse is assessing a 6 month old infant. the nurse recognize the posterior fontanel usually closes at which age?
6 to 8 weeks
A school nurse is teaching a group of preadolescent boys about puberty. By which age should concerns about pubertal delay be considered?
13 1/2 to 14 years
the nurse is assessing a 6 month old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. the nurse should expect the infant to now weight approximately how many pounds?
15
Kimberly's parents have been using a rearward-facing, convertible car seat since she was born. Most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child reaches which age? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
2
At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?
2 months
Generally, the earliest age at which puberty begins is _____ years in girls, _____ in boys.
10; 12
The estimated average requirement of calcium for an adolescent is _____ milligrams. (Record your answer in a whole number.)
1100
A school nurse is teaching a group of preadolescent girls about puberty. Which is the mean age of menarche for girls in the United States?
12 3/4 years
At what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle?
3 months
At what age should the nurse expect a child to give both first and last names when asked?
30 months
17. The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-m Recommendations should include giving a first rattle at about which age? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 7 months d. 9 months
4 months
By which age should the nurse expect that most children could obey prepositional phrases such as under, on top of, beside, and behind?
4 years
Preschoolers' fears can best be dealt with by which intervention? a. Actively involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience b. Forcing them to confront the frightening object or experience in the presence of their parents c. Using logical persuasion to explain away their fears and help them recognize how unrealistic the fears are d. Ridiculing their fears so they understand that there is no need to be afraid
A Actively involving the child in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience is the best way to deal with fears.
. A 14-year-old boy is being admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy. Which roommate should the nurse assign with this patient?
A 15-year-old boy admitted with a vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis
An appropriate method for administering oral medications that are bitter to an infant or small child would be to mix them with:
A small amount (1 teaspoon) of a sweet-tasting substance such as jam or ice cream.
At what age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 10 months
ANS: C Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. At age 4 months, an infant can sit with support. At age 6 months, the infant will maintain a sitting position if propped. By 10 months, the infant can maneuver from a prone to a sitting position.
A school nurse is teaching dental health practices to a group of sixth-grade children. How often should the nurse recommend the children brush their teeth?
After meals, snacks, and bedtime
The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurses response should be based on knowledge that this is: a. unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). b. unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones c. acceptable to encourage fine motor development. d. acceptable to encourage head control and turning over.
ANS: D These parents are implementing the guidelines to reduce the risk of SIDS. Infants should sleep on their backs and then be placed on their abdomens when awake to enhance development of milestones such as head control. The face-down position while awake and on the back for sleep are acceptable because they reduce risk of SIDS and allow achievement of developmental milestones. These position changes encourage gross motor, not fine motor, development.
Which clinical manifestation would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?
Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point
12. A nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents of infants. The nurse explains that which behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? a. Recognizes familiar face, such as mother b. Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle c. Actively searches for a hidden object d. Secures objects by pulling on a string
Actively searches for a hidden object
When liquid medication is given to a crying 10-month-old infant, which approach minimizes the possibility of aspiration?
Administering the medication with a syringe (without needle) placed along the side of the infant's tongue
Which aspect of cognition develops during adolescence?
Capability to use a future time perspective
Which should the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child
Balance on one foot for a few seconds
Imaginary playmates are beneficial to the preschool child because they
Become friends in times of loneliness.
Which is used to treat moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease? a. Antacids b. Antibiotics c. Corticosteroids d. Antidiarrheal medications
C. Corticosteroids
Which snack should the nurse recommend parents offer to their slightly overweight preschool child? a. Carbonated beverage b. 10% fruit juice c. Low fat chocolate milk d. Whole milk
C. low fat chocolate milk
Teasing can be common during the school-age years. The nurse should recognize that which applies to teasing?
Can have a lasting effect on children
A school-age child, admitted for intravenous antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis, reports difficulty in going to sleep at night. Which intervention should the nurse implement to assist the child in going to sleep at bedtime?
Create a schedule similar to the one the child follows at home.
A 13-year-old is being seen in the clinic for a routine health check. The adolescent has not been in the clinic for 3 years but was up to date on immunizations at that time. Which immunizations should the adolescent receive? (Select all that apply.)
DTaP (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) Influenza MCV4 (meningococcal)
Using knowledge of child development, which is the best approach when preparing a toddler for a procedure?
Demonstrate the procedure on a doll.
The nurse gives an injection in a patients room. The nurse should perform which intervention with the needle for disposal?
Dispose of syringe and needle in a rigid, puncture-resistant container in patients room.
Which accurately describes the speech of the preschool child?
Dysfluency in speech patterns is normal.
Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
Giardia lamblia
Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks all the time. Which intervention should the nurse recommend?
Give her nutritious snacks.
A young adolescent boy tells the nurse he feels gawky. The nurse should explain that this occurs in adolescents because of:
Growth of the extremities and neck precedes growth in other areas.
Which statement best describes fear in the school-age child?
Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.
A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. Which is the most appropriate recommendation?
Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer.
Which is an appropriate recommendation for preventing tooth decay in young children?
Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum.
When teaching injury prevention during the school-age years, what should the nurse include?
Teach basic rules of water safety
Which should the nurse consider when having consent forms signed for surgery and procedures on children?
The risks and benefits of a procedure are part of the consent process.
Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?
This is typical behavior because of inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.
Tepid water or sponge baths are indicated for hyperthermia in children. The nurses action is to:
stop the bath if the child begins to chill.
Which type of hernia has an impaired blood supply to the herniated organ?
strangulated hernia
The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort?
Allow to assume position of comfort.
Which would be the best play activity for a 6-month-old infant to provide tactile stimulation?
Allow to splash in bath.
Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following? a. Animism b. Ritualism c. Irreversibility d. Delayed cognitive development
Animism
Parents call the clinic and report that their toddler has had acute diarrhea for 24 hours. The nurse should further ask the parents if the toddler has which associated factor that is causing the acute diarrhea? a. Celiac disease b. Antibiotic therapy c. Immunodeficiency d. Protein malnutrition
Antibiotic therapy
A 14-year-old male mentions that he now has to use deodorant but never had to before. The nurses response should be based on knowledge that which occurs during puberty?
Apocrine sweat glands reach secretory capacity during puberty.
Samantha, age 5 years, tells the nurse that she needs a Band-Aid where she had an injection. Which is the best nursing action?
Apply a Band-Aid.
Which describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children?
Are able to classify, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept
Which play is most typical of the preschool period? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Team
Associative
Kimberly, age 3 years, is being admitted for about 1 week of hospitalization. Her parents tell the nurse that they are going to buy her a lot of new toys, because she will be in the hospital. The nurses reply should be based on an understanding of which concept?
At this age, children often need the comfort and reassurance of familiar toys . from home.
A group of boys ages 9 and 10 years have formed a boys-only club that is open to neighborhood and school friends who have skateboards. This should be interpreted as:
Characteristic of social development of this age.
Matthew, age 18 months, has just been admitted with croup. His parent is tearful and tells the nurse, "This is all my fault. I should have taken him to the doctor sooner so he wouldn't have to be here." Which is appropriate in the care plan for this parent who is experiencing guilt? a. Clarify misconception about the illness. b. Explain to the parent that the illness is not serious. c. Encourage the parent to maintain a sense of control. d. Assess further why the parent has excessive guilt feelings.
Clarify misconception about the illness.
A 4-year-old child is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. The child tells the nurse that he is sick because he was bad. Which is the nurses best interpretation of this comment?
Common at this age
Austin, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is: a. Normal tooth eruption. b. Delayed tooth eruption. c. Unusual and dangerous d. Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption.
Earlier-than-normal tooth eruption
Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. Which is considered an advantage of a Hickman-Broviac catheter?
Easy to use for self-administered infusions
During the preschool period, injury prevention efforts should emphasize:
Education for safety and potential hazards.
In terms of language and cognitive development, a 4-year-old child would be expected to have which traits? (Select all that apply.)
Follow directional commands. Tell exaggerated stories.
16. Which information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities? a. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. b. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fne motor skills. c. provide child with finger-paints to enhance fine motor skills d. provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination
Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
During the first 4 days of hospitalization, Eric, age 18 months, cried inconsolably when his parents left him, and he refused the staffs attention. Now the nurse observes that Eric appears to be settled in and unconcerned about seeing his parents. The nurse should interpret this as which statement?
He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety.
The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their infant. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?
Health practices of facilities
The nurse is teaching a group of 10- to 12-year-old children about physical development during the school-age years. Which statement made by a participant, indicates the correct understanding of the teaching?
I will grow an average of 2 inches per year from this point on.
The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use baby talk since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend which intervention?
Ignore the "baby talk."
When teaching a mother how to administer eye drops, where should the nurse tell her to place them?
In the conjunctival sac that is formed when the lower lid is pulled down
10. Which should the nurse expect for a toddlers language development at age 18 months?
Increasing level of comprehension
Which is an important nursing consideration when performing a bladder catheterization on a young boy?
Insert 2% lidocaine lubricant into the urethra.
Guidelines for intramuscular administration of medication in school-age children include which action?
Insert needle quickly, using a dartlike motion.
A nurse is conducting an in-service on childhood gastrointestinal disorders. Which statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?
Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child should begin with
Intravenous (IV) fluids
Amy, age 6 years, needs to be hospitalized again because of a chronic illness. The clinic nurse overhears her school-age siblings tell her, We are sick of Mom always sitting with you in the hospital and playing with you. It isnt fair that you get everything and we have to stay with the neighbors. Which is the nurses best assessment of this situation?
Jealousy and resentment are common reactions to the illness or hospitalization of a sibling.
The nurse has just collected blood by venipuncture in the antecubital fossa. Which should the nurse do next?
Keep arm extended, and apply pressure to the site for a few minutes.
A school nurse observes school-age children playing at recess. Which is descriptive of the play the nurse expects to observe?
Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.
A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. The nurse should recognize that preparing this child psychologically is:
Necessary because it will be an adjustment.
Parents tell the nurse that they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. Which is the most appropriate recommendation the nurse should make? a. Punish children so this behavior stops. b. Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity. c. Allow children unrestricted permission to satisfy this curiosity. d. Get counseling for this unusual and dangerous behavior.
Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity
A child is admitted with bacterial gastroenteritis. Which lab results of a stool specimen confirm this diagnosis?
Neutrophils and red blood cells
When caring for a child with an intravenous infusion, the nurse should:
Observe the insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration.
Which statement best characterizes hepatitis A?
Onset is usually rapid and acute.
Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
A nurse is preparing to complete an admission assessment on a 2-year-old child. The child is sitting on the parents lap. Which technique should the nurse implement to complete the physical exam?
Perform the exam while the child is on the parent's lap.
Which toys should a nurse provide to promote imaginative play for a 3-year-old hospitalized child? (Select all that apply.)
Plastic telephone Hand puppets Farm animals and equipment
18. Which is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation? a. Playing peek-a-boo b. Playing pat-a-cake c. Imitating animal sounds d. Showing how to clap hands
Playing peek-a-boo
2-year-old child comes to the emergency department with dehydration and hypovolemic shock. Which best explains why an intraosseous infusion is started?
Rapid venous access is not possible.
A toddlers parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. Which is the most appropriate recommendation?
Remain close by the child but without eye contact.
During the first few days after surgery for cleft lip, which intervention should the nurse do?
Remove restraints periodically to cuddle infant.
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized for intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. He eats little on his regular diet trays. He tells the nurse that all he wants to eat is pizza, tacos, and ice cream. Which is the best nursing action?
Request these favorite foods for him.
A nurse must do a venipuncture on a 6-year-old child. Which is an important consideration in providing atraumatic care?
Restrain child only as needed to perform venipuncture safely
A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is:
Ritualism, common at this age.
Which pathogen is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?
Rotavirus
11. According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage? a. Use of reflexes b. Primary circular reactions c. Secondary circular reactions d. Coordination of secondary schemata
Secondary circular reactions
Parents ask the nurse whether it is common for their school-age child to spend a lot of time with peers. The nurse should respond, explaining that the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children provides:
Security as they gain independence from their parents
The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the fifth grade. The nurse should recognize that:
Sexuality is presented as a normal part of growth and development
The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive, inflexible, high-top shoes. The nurse should explain that:
Soft and flexible shoes are generally better.
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation?
Sudden relief from pain
Parents are concerned that their child is showing aggressive behaviors. Which suggestion should the nurse make to the parents?
Supervise television viewing.
Which therapeutic management treatment is implemented for children with Hirschsprung disease?
Surgical removal of affected section of bowel
Which characteristic best describes the language of a 3-year-old child?
Talks incessantly, regardless of whether anyone is listening
The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their child. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?
Teachers knowledgeable about development.
The nurse is planning to prepare a 4-year-old child for some diagnostic procedures. Guidelines for preparing this preschooler should include which action?
Tell the child that procedures are never a form of punishment.
An adolescent boy tells the nurse that he has recently had homosexual feelings. The nurses response should be based on knowledge that:
The adolescent should be encouraged to share his feelings and experiences.
A mother calls the outpatient clinic requesting information on appropriate dosing for over- the-counter medications for her 13-month-old who has symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection and fever. The box of acetaminophen says to give 120 mg q4h when needed. At his 12- month visit, the nurse practitioner prescribed 150 mg. The nurses best response is:
The nurse practitioner ordered the drug based on weight, which is a more accurate way of determining a therapeutic dose.
Which statement characterizes moral development in the older school aged children?
They are able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.
Which describes moral development in younger school-age children?
They know the rules and behaviors expected of them but do not understand the reasons behind them.
Which is characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years?
They may lie to meet expectations set by others that they have been unable to attain.
Parents are concerned about the number of hours their teenage daughter spends with peers. The nurse explains that peer relationships are important during adolescence for which reason?
They provide adolescents with a feeling of belonging.
A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but is thriving without other complications. Which should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?
Thicken formula with rice cereal.
A 14-year-old boy seems to be always eating, although his weight is appropriate for his height. What is the best explanation for this?
This is normal because of increase in body mass.
A 10-year-old girl needs to have another intravenous (IV) line started. She keeps telling the nurse, Wait a minute and Im not ready. The nurse should recognize this as which description?
This is normal behavior for a school-age child.
4. A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says no to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurses best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement?
This is normal behavior for his age.
Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?
This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.
Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections?
Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue.
A 14-year-old adolescent never had chickenpox as a child. Which should the nurse recommend?
Two doses of the varicella vaccination 4 weeks apart
The nurse is caring for an unconscious child. Skin care should include which action?
Use draw sheet to move child in bed to reduce friction and shearing injuries.
Which is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants?
Vastus lateralis
Which statement is correct about toilet training?
Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet.
A nurse is teaching parents of kindergarten children general guidelines to assist their children in school. Which statement by the parents indicates they understand the teaching?
We will plan a trip to the library as often as possible.
The nurse must do a heel stick on an ill neonate to obtain a blood sample. Which is recommended to facilitate this?
Wrap foot in a warm washcloth.
An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for being bad. She shares her concern that if she dies, she will go to hell. The nurse should interpret this as:
a belief common at this age.
A previously potty-trained 30-month-old child has reverted to wearing diapers while hospitalized. The nurse should reassure the parents that this is normal because of which reason?
a. Regression is seen during hospitalization.
The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic?
ability to delay gratification
Constipation has recently become a problem for a school-age girl. She is healthy except for seasonal allergies that are being treated with antihistamines. The nurse should suspect that the constipation is most likely caused by:
antihistamines
A nurse is conducting parenting classes for parents of adolescents. Which parenting style should the nurse recommend?
authoritative
The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task?
autonomy
In girls, the initial indication of puberty is:
breast development
Place in order the sequence of maturational changes for girls. Begin with the first change seen, sequencing to the last change. Provide answer in using lowercase letters, separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d, e). a. Growth of pubic hair b. Rapid increase in height and weight c. Breast changes d. Menstruation e. Appearance of axillary hair
c, b, a, e, d Breast changes Rapid increase in height and weight Growth of pubic hair Appearance of axillary hair Menstruation
10. By which age should the nurse expect an infant to be able to pull to a standing position? a. 6 months b. 8 months c. 11 to 12 months d. 14 to 15 months
c. 11 to 12 months Most infants can pull themselves to a standing position at age 9 months. Infants who are not able to pull themselves to standing by age 11 to 12 months should be further evaluated for developmental dysplasia of the hip. At 6 months, infants have just obtained coordination of arms and legs. By age 8 months, infants can bear full weight on their legs. Any infant who cannot pull to a standing position by age 1 year should be referred for further evaluation.
The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. The nurses rationale for this action is that they:
can be easily aspirated.
A child has an evulsed (knocked-out) tooth. Which medium should the nurse instruct the parents to place the tooth in for transport to the dentist?
cold milk
An appropriate nursing intervention to minimize separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler would be to:
encourage parents to room in
The nurse is preparing a 12-year-old girl for a bone marrow aspiration. The girl tells the nurse she wants her mother with her like before. The most appropriate nursing action is to:
grant her request.
15. A 4-month-old was born at 35 weeks of gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a more difficult baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that: a, infants temperaments are part of their unique characteristics. b, infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines c. the infants behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents. d, the infants difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period
infants temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.
A nurse is admitting an infant with biliary atresia. Which is the earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia the nurse should expect to assess?
jaundice
The parent of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that the child believes that monsters and boogeymen are in his bedroom at night. The nurses best suggestion for coping with this problem
keep a night-light on in the childs bedroom.
The most common cause of death in the adolescent age group involves
motor vehicles
A nurse is caring for an adolescent hospitalized for cellulitis. The nurse notes that the adolescent experiences many mood swings throughout the day. The nurse interprets this behavior as:
normal behavior
the nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14 month old infant and notes the anterior fontanel is closed. The nurse should interpret this as an:
normal finding
Enemas are ordered to empty the bowel preoperatively for a child with Hirschsprung disease. The enema solution should be:
normal saline
A mother calls the clinic nurse about her 4-year-old son who has acute diarrhea. She has been giving him the antidiarrheal drug loperamide (Imodium A-D). The nurses response should be based on knowledge that this drug is:
not indicated
Which is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation?
popcorn
When a preschool child is hospitalized without adequate preparation, the nurse should recognize that the child may likely see hospitalization as:
punishment
A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered for an infant with GER. The purpose of this is to
reduce gastric acid production
An 8-month-old infant is restrained to prevent interference with the IV infusion. The nurses action is to:
remove restraints whenever possible.
Which age group should the pediatric nurse recognize as being vulnerable to events that lessen their feeling of control and power?
school age children
A nurse is caring for four patients; three are toddlers and one is a preschooler. Which represents the major stressor of hospitalization for these four patients?
separation anxiety
A 9-year-old girl often comes to the school nurse complaining of stomach pains. Her teacher says she is completing her school work satisfactorily but lately has been somewhat aggressive and stubborn in the classroom. The school nurse should recognize this as:
signs of stress.
A nurse is teaching parents about language development for preschool children. Which dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic the parents might expect?
stammering
The emergency department nurse is cleaning multiple facial abrasions on a 9-year-old child whose mother is present. The child is crying and screaming loudly. The nurses action should be to:
tell the child it is okay to cry and scream.
A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively?
tertiary circular reaction
the parents of a 9 month old infant tell them nurse that they have noticed foods such as peas and corn are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant stools. The nurses explanation of this is based on which statement?
this is normal because of the immaturity of digestive processes at this age.
A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child and notes the child exhibits magical thinking. According to Piaget, which describes magical thinking?
thoughts are all powerful
A nurse is conducting an in-service on gastrointestinal disorders. The nurse includes that melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from which area?
upper GI tract
Which screening tests should the school nurse perform for the adolescent? (Select all that apply.)
vision, hearing, scoliosis
Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?
walks up and down stairs
The nurse wore gloves during a dressing change. When the gloves are removed, the nurse should: a. Wash hands thoroughly. b. Check the gloves for leaks. c. Rinse gloves in disinfectant solution. d. Apply new gloves before touching the next patient.
wash hands thoroughly
