Pediatric Emergencies Ch. 33
Appropriate treatment for a clinically stable child with suspected epiglottitis includes: A. assisted ventilation, frequent BP monitoring, and transport. B. 100% oxygen as tolerated, position of comfort, and transport. C. an IV of normal saline, oxygen as tolerated, and transport. D. airway visualization, blow-by oxygen, and transport.
B. 100% oxygen as tolerated, position of comfort, and transport
Following a severe injury, a 9-month-old infant opens his eyes in response to painful stimuli, moans when you palpate areas of suspected injury, and pulls his hand away when you touch it. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: A. 9 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7
B. 8
In which of the following situations should you perform CPR? A. A 3-year-old unconscious, apneic male with a rapid, irregular pulse B. A10-month-old unconscious male with weak breathing and a heart rate of 50/min C. A 2-year-old unconscious, apneic female with a heart rate of 90/min D. A 5-year-old unconscious male with severely labored breathing and tachycardia
B. A10-month-old unconscious male with weak breathing and a heart rate of 50/min
Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures is correct? A. Febrile seizures are common in children older than 7 years of age. B. An abrupt rise in body temperature may cause a febrile seizure. C. A temperature of greater than 102.5°F will cause a seizure. D. Febrile seizures are not associated with tonic-clonic movement.
B. An abrupt rise in body temperature may cause a febrile seizure
Which of the following statements regarding shock in pediatric patients is correct? A. The primary compensatory mechanism for shock in children is increased contractility. B. Children can compensate for shock longer than adults but deteriorate more quickly. C. Anaphylaxis is the most common form of shock seen in the pediatric population. D. Hypotension is an earlier sign of shock in children than it is in the adult population.
B. Children can compensate for shock longer than adults but deteriorate more quickly
A 4-year-old child presents with intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, a heart rate of 160 beats/min, and a fever of 101.5ºF. Which of the following clinical signs would indicate that this child's cardiopulmonary status is deteriorating? A. Retractions become more prominent. B. Heart rate decreases to 100 beats/min. C. Nasal flaring becomes less prominent. D. Fever gradually increases to 102.2ºF.
B. Heart rate decreases to 100 beats/min
Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children with a head injury than an adult? A. Decorticate posturing B. Nausea and vomiting C. Decerebrate posturing
B. Nausea and vomiting
Which of the following statements regarding the adolescent patient is correct? A. They have great difficulty comprehending complex treatment options. B. They prefer not to be observed by their caregivers during a procedure. C. They are unconcerned about body image and how they appear to peers. D. They have a basic understanding of the purpose and meaning of pain.
B. They prefer not to be observed by their caregivers during a procedure
Abnormalities in normal bone growth and development will MOST likely occur in children when: A. the diaphysis of the bone is damaged. B. a fracture occurs at the epiphyseal plate. C. he or she experiences a greenstick fracture. D. an IO needle punctures the medial tibia.
B. a fracture occurs at the epiphyseal plate
Signs of clinical improvement in a child who is receiving assisted ventilations includes: A. an oxygen saturation of ≥85% B. an increasing heart rate. C. irritability or anxiety. D. a decreasing heart rate.
B. an increasing heart rate
After performing the jaw-thrust maneuver on a semiconscious child with a traumatic injury, you should: A. insert the appropriately-sized airway adjunct. B. ensure that the airway is clear of obstructions. C. assess the rate and regularity of respirations. D. immediately assist his or her ventilations.
B. ensure that the airway is clear of obstructions
When treating a child with suspected meningitis, it is important to: A. transport as soon as possible. B. follow standard precautions.
B. follow standard precautions
During shock due to blood loss, children can maintain their blood pressure for longer periods of time than adults can because they: A. have a greater ability to increase myocardial contractility. B. have a proportionately larger circulating blood volume. C. rely exclusively on their heart rate to maintain perfusion. D. have a smaller absolute blood volume than do adults.
B. have a proportionately larger circulating blood volume
Children vigorously compensate for shock by: A. increasing their heart rate and increasing glycogen conversion in the liver. B. increasing their heart rate and increasing peripheral vascular resistance.
B. increasing their heart rate and increasing peripheral vascular resistance
When assessing a child who has potentially been abused, you should: A. assess for yellowish bruises to the shins. B. look for bruises to the face or buttocks. C. repeatedly question the child's parents. D. report the case only if abuse is confirmed.
B. look for bruises to the face or buttocks
During the first month of life, a pediatric patient is MOST appropriately referred to as a/an: A. child. B. neonate. C. infant.
B. neonate
A 5-year-old male with a history of recent bronchitis presents with fever, weakness, and difficulty breathing. Your assessment reveals diminished breath sounds in the left lower lobe of the lung and localized rhonchi. You should suspect: A. bronchiolitis. B. pneumonia.
B. pneumonia
When assessing or performing a procedure on a toddler, you should expect him or her to: A. remain reserved when being restrained. B. resist separation from his or her parents. C. localize any areas of pain or discomfort.
B. resist separation from his or her parents
General treatment for a small child with a fever of 102.5°F and no other symptoms includes: A. administering oral glucose. B. supportive care and transport. C. rapid cooling with cold water. D. IV crystalloid fluid boluses.
B. supportive care and transport
When assessing an injured child, you should be MOST suspicious for child abuse if: A. the injury is consistent with the child's physical abilities. B. the injury is inconsistent with the mechanism described. C. the parents seem overly worried about the child's injury.
B. the injury is inconsistent with the mechanism described
A 6-year-old female is unconscious and in severe hypovolemic shock. Three attempts at obtaining intravenous access have been unsuccessful. You should: A. place an intraosseous catheter in the epiphyseal plate. B. transport at once and continue IV attempts en route. C. insert an intraosseous catheter in the proximal tibia. D. continue IV attempts using a larger sized catheter.
C. insert an intraosseous catheter in the proximal tibia
A 12-year-old female complains of nausea and abdominal pain. When assessing and treating her, you should: A. treat her as an adult and allow her to answer all of your questions. B. reward her if she holds out her arm to let you start an IV line. C. obtain as much of the medical history from her as possible. D. ask her simple questions but turn to the parent for answers.
C. obtain as much of the medical history from her as possible
When assessing a child in compensated shock, you would MOST likely find: A. weak central pulses. B. central cyanosis. C. pallor or mottling. D. severe bradycardia.
C. pallor or mottling
The nasopharyngeal airway is: A. not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. B. not used in children with an altered mental status. C. rarely used in infants younger than 1 year of age.
C. rarely used in infants younger than 1 year of age
According to the JumpSTART triage system, an injured child should be assigned a "deceased" category if he or she: A. is breathing fewer than 15 times/min. B. does not have palpable peripheral pulses. C. remains apneic after 5 rescue breaths. D. is not breathing upon initial contact.
C. remains apneic after 5 rescue breaths
When assessing a conscious 4-year-old child in the early stages of respiratory distress, you would expect the child to exhibit: A. poor muscle tone. B. central cyanosis. C. restlessness. D. bradypnea.
C. restlessness
Compared to over-the-needle catheters, butterfly catheters are associated with a higher rate of vein infiltration in children because the: A. catheter is shorter and moves around easily. B. butterfly catheter is very difficult to secure. C. stainless steel needle lies directly in the vein.
C. stainless steel needle lies directly in the vein
Infants and small children are referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. the skin covering the abdomen is thicker than the chest wall. B. the diaphragm is less developed than the intercostal muscles. C. their intercostal muscles are weak and not well developed. D. gastric distention interferes with diaphragmatic movement.
C. their intercostal muscles are weak and not well developed
The MOST effective method for delivering the highest concentration of oxygen and adequate tidal volume is the: A. pocket mask with oxygen. B. one-rescuer bag-mask technique. C. two-rescuer bag-mask technique. D. nonrebreathing mask.
C. two-rescuer bag-mask technique
When providing emotional support to the family of an infant who suddenly and unexpectedly died, you should: A. tell the parents that you know how they feel. B. provide detailed information about the event. C. use the infant's first name whenever possible. D. avoid using the words "dead" or "died".
C. use the infant's first name whenever possible
Proper insertion of an intraosseous (IO) catheter involves: A. pushing the catheter straight down until you meet sudden resistance. B. locating the flat plate of the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia. C. using a twisting motion and inserting the catheter at a 90° angle. D. inserting the catheter at a 45° angle while using a twisting motion.
C. using a twisting motion and inserting the catheter at a 90° angle
Both the anterior and posterior fontanelles are usually fused by the age of: A. 16 months. B. 14 months. C. 12 months. D. 18 months.
D. 18 months
According to the JumpSTART triage system, what should you do after delivering 5 rescue breaths to an unresponsive, apneic child? A. Reposition his airway B. Assign him a high priority C. Assess for a pulse D. Reassess breathing
D. Reassess breathing
Which of the following factors would be of LEAST pertinence when determining whether or not to immediately transport a sick or injured child? A. Transport time to the hospital B. The type of clinical problem C. The AEMT's comfort level D. The age and sex of the child
D. The age and sex of the child
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? A. Sudden death of an infant in which an autopsy reveals the cause of death. B. Sudden death of an infant or child in which there is no obvious cause. C. Unexpected death of an infant secondary to a terminal disease process D. Unexpected death of an infant that cannot be explained after an autopsy.
D. Unexpected death of an infant that cannot be explained after an autopsy
A nonrebreathing mask is ONLY effective if a child has: A. respiratory failure. B. shallow respirations. C. reduced minute volume. D. adequate tidal volume.
D. adequate tidal volume
A 5-year-old male presents with respiratory distress. He is conscious, clinging to his mother, has an oxygen saturation of 94% on room air, and will not tolerate a nonrebreathing mask. You should: A. transport him to the hospital without further intervention. B. deliver low-flow oxygen with a pediatric nasal cannula. C. separate him from his mother and assist his ventilations. D. allow his mother to hold blow-by oxygen near his face.
D. allow his mother to hold blow-by oxygen near his face
You receive a call for a 4-year-old female with severe dehydration. When you assess her, you note that she is semiconscious, has a weak and rapid carotid pulse, and rapid respirations with reduced tidal volume. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: A. 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a 20 mL/kg bolus of normal saline. B. assisted ventilation, insertion of an IO catheter, and a 500 mL fluid bolus. C. blow-by oxygen with a facemask and rapid transport with IV therapy en route. D. assisted ventilation and rapid transport with IV therapy en route to the hospital.
D. assisted ventilation and rapid transport with IV therapy en route to the hospital
A 4-year-old female presents with tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and nasal flaring. Several minutes after applying 100% oxygen via pediatric nonrebreathing mask, you note that her respirations have slowed and her retractions have become less prominent. You should: A. recognize that her condition is improving. B. protect her airway with an advanced device. C. apply a nasal cannula and reassess her condition. D. be prepared to perform ventilatory assistance.
D. be prepared to perform ventilatory assistance
You respond to the scene of an "injured child". When you arrive, you find a 4-year-old male lying next to a ladder that is leaning against his house. He is semiconscious, but has no external signs of trauma. As you are maintaining stabilization of his head, he begins to vomit. On the basis of this child's age, clinical presentation, and mechanism of injury, you should be MOST suspicious for: A. blunt thoracic trauma. B. a spinal cord injury. C. intraabdominal bleeding. D. closed head trauma.
D. closed head trauma
Signs of peripheral vasoconstriction in children under 6 years of age include: A. weak central pulses. B. cyanotic extremities. C. bounding radial pulses. D. delayed capillary refill.
D. delayed capillary refill
Insertion of an intraosseous (IO) catheter is contraindicated: A. if the upper extremities are fractured. B. in children younger than 6 years of age. C. when large fluid volumes are needed. D. if peripheral venous access is available.
D. if peripheral venous access is available
You respond to a motor-vehicle crash in which a child is apparently injured. Upon arrival, you assess the child, a 2-year-old male who is still restrained in his carseat. He is conscious and has a small abrasion to his forehead, but is otherwise uninjured. You should: A. remove him from the carseat at once. B. immobilize him on a short board. C. allow his mother to hold him. D. immobilize him in his carseat.
D. immobilize him in his carseat
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than 3 years of age because: A. it is very dynamic and can only be assessed by palpation. B. blood pressure cuffs are not available for this age group. C. their blood pressure is usually low and difficult to obtain. D. it provides little information about the circulatory status.
D. it provides little information about the circulatory status
You receive a call to a residence for a "sick child." Upon arrival, the mother states that her child, a 3-year-old male, has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the child is conscious, but has a decreased level of activity. His pulse rate is 150 beats/min, capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds, and his mucous membranes are dry. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: A. severe dehydration. B. hypovolemic shock. C. mild dehydration. D. moderate dehydration.
D. moderate dehydration
A 5-year-old female presents with an altered mental status. Her mother states that her daughter did not eat lunch and has been playing outside all day. After ensuring a patent airway and administering oxygen, you should: A. apply an AED and continue to assess. B. start an IV and administer Narcan. C. administer 4 mL/kg of 25% dextrose. D. obtain a blood glucose reading.
D. obtain a blood glucose reading
When obtaining vascular access in a semiconscious child with hypovolemic shock, you should use a/an _____________ and insert it in the ______________. A. butterfly catheter, dorsal vein of the hand B. over-the-needle catheter, dorsal hand vein C. angiocath, greater saphenous vein in the leg D. over-the-needle catheter, antecubital vein
D. over-the-needle catheter, antecubital vein
You are transporting a 6-year-old female with respiratory distress when you note that she is developing cyanosis. You should: A. reassess her blood pressure. B. assess her oxygen saturation. C. perform a rapid assessment. D. repeat the primary assessment.
D. repeat the primary assessment
Cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is MOST often the result of: A. accidental electrocution. B. blunt head trauma. C. a cardiac dysrhythmia. D. respiratory failure.
D. respiratory failure
Your MOST immediate action when caring for a child who is experiencing a grand mal seizure should be to: A. call for paramedic backup. B. administer 100% oxygen. C. begin ventilatory assistance. D. secure and protect the airway.
D. secure and protect the airway
You are dispatched to a daycare center for a 4-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that the child is semiconscious, breathing deeply, and has warm and dry skin. You administer 100% oxygen and obtain several blood glucose readings, but consistently receive an "error" message. You should: A. give 20 mL/kg saline boluses and transport. B. administer 1 to 2 tubes of oral glucose. C. transport and monitor the child en route. D. start an IV and administer 50% dextrose.
D. start an IV and administer 50% dextrose
Infants and children are highly susceptible to hypothermia because: A. of their smaller absolute blood volume. B. their hypothalamus is underdeveloped. C. of their overall smaller body size. D. they have limited stores of glycogen.
D. they have limited stores of glycogen
Tracheal tugging, a sign of respiratory distress, is more prominent in children because the: A. trachea is poorly supported by the neck muscles. B. cricoid cartilage is the narrowest part of the airway. C. large tracheal diameter makes it easily collapsible. D. trachea is very narrow and is easily collapsible.
D. trachea is very narrow and is easily collapsible
In addition to assessing and supporting the ABCs of a potentially abused child, the MOST important intervention that you can provide is: A. contacting child protective services. B. reporting your suspicions to the parents. C. photographing the child's injuries. D. transporting the child to the hospital.
D. transporting the child to the hospital
When dealing with a suspected case of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in which the infant is obviously dead, it is important for the AEMT to: A. appreciate his or her own feelings regarding the event. B. leave the family alone so they can deal with the situation. C. thoroughly document that child abuse cannot be ruled out. D. begin full resuscitative efforts in the infant's best interest.
A. appreciate his or her own feelings regarding the event
A 4-year-old male is found unresponsive by his father. When you arrive at the scene, you perform a primary assessment, which reveals that the child is unresponsive and breathing shallowly. He is also tachycardic and diaphoretic. You obtain a blood glucose reading of 38 mg/dL. Treatment for this child should include: A. assisted ventilation and 1 to 2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose IV. B. 1 mg of glucagon via IV push, followed by a reassessment. C. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and 1 tube of oral glucose. D. assisted ventilation and immediate transport to the hospital.
A. assisted ventilation and 1 to 2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose IV
When suctioning the oropharynx of a 3-year-old child, you should: A. closely monitor the child for heart rate changes. B. decrease suction pressure to less than 150 mm Hg. C. limit your suction attempts to less than 15 seconds.
A. closely monitor the child for heart rate changes
Children under 5 years of age who drown most commonly due so as a result of: A. falling into swimming pools. B. diving or boating accidents. C. abuse by a parent or caregiver. D. immediate pulmonary edema.
A. falling into swimming pools
When administering multiple IV fluid boluses to an infant or small child, it is important to: A. frequently assess breath sounds. B. obtain two large-bore IV lines. C. use an 18- or 20-gauge IV catheter. D. assess the BP every 3 to 5 minutes.
A. frequently assess breath sounds
During the postictal period following a generalized seizure, you would expect a child to experience all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hyperactivity. B. rapid, deep breathing. C. extreme fatigue. D. unresponsiveness.
A. hyperactivity
Immediate transport for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is critical because: A. insulin can only be given at the hospital. B. airway management is often difficult. C. the child will require IV rehydration. D. he or she desperately needs glucose.
A. insulin can only be given at the hospital
During the secondary assessment of a child with vomiting and diarrhea, you should assess his or her: A. level of hydration. B. breathing adequacy.
A. level of hydration
A 7-year-old child who presents with a high fever, an altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity, should be suspected of having: A. meningitis. B. ketoacidosis. C. dehydration. D. head trauma.
A. meningitis
By 2 years of age, a child should be able to: A. name a common object when you point to it. B. provide specific details about his or her pain. C. differentiate physical from psychological pain. D. pronounce approximately 300 words.
A. name a common object when you point to it
When positioning and managing the airway of a small child, it is important to remember that the child's: A. occipital skull is proportionately larger and rounder than an adult's. B. epiglottis is relatively stiff and is more oval shaped than an adult's.
A. occipital skull is proportionately larger and rounder than an adult's
To obtain a sniffing position in a child under 3 years of age, you should: A. place a folded sheet or towel under the child's occiput. B. place a thin layer of padding under the child's back. C. place a small pillow in between the child's scapulae. D. place a folded sheet or towel behind the child's neck.
A. place a folded sheet or towel under the child's occiput
The pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is designed to: A. rapidly identify the general category of a child's physiologic condition. B. provide a mechanism for rapidly assessing the child from head to toe. C. determine whether or not you need to perform a "hands-on" assessment. D. be used in place of the initial assessment of a sick or injured child.
A. rapidly identify the general category of a child's physiologic condition
A weak femoral pulse in an 8-month old infant with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea indicates: A. severe hypotension and decompensated shock. B. mild volume depletion and decreased perfusion. C. a need to begin immediate chest compressions. D. compensated shock with decreased perfusion.
A. severe hypotension and decompensated shock
You are suctioning the airway of a 2-year-old child when your partner advises you that the child's heart rate has dropped from 120 beats/min to 80 beats/min. You should: A. stop suctioning immediately and oxygenate the child. B. stop suctioning and insert an advanced airway device. C. administer free-flow oxygen and continue suctioning. D. start an IV of normal saline and give a 20 mL/kg bolus.
A. stop suctioning immediately and oxygenate the child
Thoracic barotrauma can occur in an infant or small child when: A. the AEMT provides overzealous ventilatory assistance. B. positive-pressure breaths are delivered over 1 second. C. his or her respiratory muscles fatigue and he or she tires. D. tidal volume is markedly reduced during ventilations.
A. the AEMT provides overzealous ventilatory assistance
In addition to supplemental oxygen, treatment for a child who is experiencing an acute asthma attack includes: A. albuterol. B. antibiotic therapy. C. a beta-1 agonist. D. epinephrine 1:10,000
A. albuterol
Despite 100% oxygen and the administration of a beta-2 agonist, a conscious 9-year-old female still has diffuse expiratory wheezing and respiratory distress. Medical control or local protocol will MOST likely dictate the administration of: A. 1:1,000 epinephrine SC. B. 0.01 mL/kg of epinephrine 1:10,000 IV. C. nebulizer treatments every 3 minutes. D. 0.02 mg/kg of albuterol.
A. 1:1,000 epinephrine SC
The length-based resuscitation tape is accurate for estimating the weight of children up to: A. 34 kg. B. 42 kg.
A. 34 kg
Which of the following pediatric patients with respiratory distress is MOST likely experiencing bronchiolitis? A. A 20-month-old child with low-grade fever and wheezing B. A 30-month-old afebrile child with inspiratory stridor C. A 42-month-old afebrile child with expiratory wheezing D. A 36-month-old child with high fever and drooling
A. A 20-month-old child with low-grade fever and wheezing
Which of the following questions is the MOST important to ask the parent or caregiver of a child with an acute asthma attack? A. Has your child ever been intubated or in the ICU? B. When did your child last have an asthma attack? C. How often does your child experience an attack? D. When was your child diagnosed with asthma?
A. Has your child ever been intubated or in the ICU?
Which of the following signs is MOST indicative of a severe upper airway obstruction? A. Ineffective coughing B. Conscious but anxious C. Loud inspiratory stridor D. Muffled or hoarse voice
A. Ineffective coughing
At approximately 6:20 a.m., you receive a call to a residence for an "unconscious baby that is not breathing." When you arrive at the scene, you find the mother holding her baby, a 4-month-old male, in her arms. She tells you that she found her son face down in his crib. Your assessment reveals that the infant is pulseless and apneic and has cool, pale skin. How should you manage this situation? A. Initiate CPR and contact medical control.
A. Initiate CPR and contact medical control.
Which of the following is the LEAST common cause of shock in infants and children? A. Primary cardiac event B. Profound hypovolemia C. Severe allergic reaction D. Massive sepsis
A. Primary cardiac event
Which of the following represents the correct formula for estimating the weight, in kilograms, in a child over 1 year of age? A. (Age [in years] x 2) + 8 B. (Age [in years] x 2) - 8 C. (Age [in years] - 2) + 4 D. (Age [in years] ÷ 4) + 4
A. (Age [in years] x 2) + 8
Decompensated shock in a 2-year-old child is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a systolic BP of 80 mm Hg. B. weak and rapid central pulses. C. a decreased mental status. D. marked tachypnea or bradypnea.
A. a systolic BP of 80 mm Hg
A 7-year-old male presents with severe diarrhea and vomiting of 3 days' duration. He is anxious, tachypneic, and has a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg. Further assessment reveals that he has weak and rapid radial pulses, but a strong carotid pulse. This child's clinical condition is MOST consistent with: A. irreversible shock. B. decompensated shock. C. compensated shock. D. cardiopulmonary failure.
C. compensated shock
Capillary refill time (CRT) is used to assess _______________ and is MOST reliable in children younger than ____________. A. central perfusion, 6 years of age B. cardiac function, 4 years of age C. end-organ perfusion, 6 years of age D. cerebral perfusion, 4 years of age
C. end-organ perfusion, 6 years of age
A 4-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother tells you that she saw him put a small toy in his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious and alert, crying, and has good skin color. You should: A. perform abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled. B. allow the mother to transport the child to the hospital. C. give supplemental oxygen as tolerated, and transport. D. sweep the mouth with your finger to attempt removal.
C. give supplemental oxygen as tolerated, and transport
When caring for a 4-month-old infant, it is MOST important to keep his or her nares clear of mucus because: A. the nares are inherently narrow and easily obstructed. B. nasal occlusion is the most common cause of hypoxia. C. infants may not have the intuition to mouth breathe.
C. infants may not have the intuition to mouth breathe
A 20 kg conscious male presents with acute respiratory distress. Your assessment reveals expiratory wheezing and tachycardia. Appropriate treatment for this child includes: A. 100% oxygen and 2.5 to 5 mg of nebulized albuterol. B. ventilatory assistance and epinephrine 1:10,000. C. 100% oxygen and 1 to 2 mL of nebulized albuterol.
C. 100% oxygen and 1 to 2 mL of nebulized albuterol
What is the lower limit of normal for a 5-year-old child's systolic blood pressure? A. 70 mm Hg B. 100 mm Hg C. 80 mm Hg
C. 80 mm Hg
Which of the following clinical findings is NOT an indicator of an abnormal level of consciousness in an infant or small child? A. Poor muscle tone B. Decreased interactiveness C. Bradycardia D. Poor eye contact
C. Bradycardia
Which of the following respiratory diseases is characterized by respiratory distress, high fever, and drooling? A. Acute asthma B. Croup C. Epiglottitis D. Bronchiolitis
C. Epiglottitis
If a child does not appear to be critically ill or injured, you should A. spend an equal amount of time with the parents. B. professionally dismiss the parents from the room. C. allow him or her to sit on a caregiver's lap. D. begin your assessment by taking vital signs.
C. allow him or her to sit on a caregiver's lap
A 4-year-old male requires peripheral venous access to treat significant dehydration. The child is conscious, crying, and is clinging to his mother. When starting the IV, you should: A. gently restrain the child on the stretcher. B. insert a butterfly catheter in a scalp vein. C. allow the child to remain with his mother. D. avoid the veins in the back of the hand.
C. allow the child to remain with his mother
Components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) include: A. level of consciousness, breathing effort, and heart rate. B. appearance, capillary refill, and breathing effort. C. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. D. level of consciousness, gross bleeding, and heart rate.
C. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation
According to the JumpSTART triage system, if an injured child has a respiratory rate of 50 breaths/min, you should: A. give oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. B. determine his level of consciousness. C. assign him an immediate category.
C. assign him an immediate category
When treating a conscious and alert 5-year-old child who has ingested an unknown substance, you should: A. induce vomiting with ipecac syrup. B. give 5g/kg of activated charcoal. C. be prepared to assist ventilations. D. administer prophylactic dextrose.
C. be prepared to assist ventilations
Because of the thin-walled thorax in an infant or child: A. blunt trauma to the chest is easily identifiable by external injury. B. multiple rib fractures occur with greater frequency in children. C. breath sounds are easily transmitted to all areas of the chest. D. it is easier to assess them for a pneumothorax or hemothorax.
C. breath sounds are easily transmitted to all areas of the chest
Compared to adults, burns in children tend to be more severe because: A. children have a much smaller volume of plasma. B. their skin is not as elastic as an adult's skin. C. children have less subcutaneous (fatty) tissue.
C. children have less subcutaneous (fatty) tissue
