Peds 22 Communicable Diseases

The nurse is preparing an inpatient pediatric unit for a child to be admitted with a communicable disease. The nurse knows which diseases are transmitted in the air and will require airborne precautions? Select all that apply. Mononucleosis Influenza Tuberculosis Measles Hand, foot, and mouth disease

3,4

A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child for signs and symptoms of a communicable disease. Which would the nurse identify as prodromal clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. Vomiting Diarrhea Coryza Cough Fever

3,4,5

A nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a child. The nurse identifies which vaccines need to be administered intramuscularly? Select all that apply. Rotavirus Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) Influenza Hepatitis A and B

3,4,5

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of an infant with pertussis (whooping cough). What instruction should the nurse provide regarding when to seek further medical care? Select all that apply. If the cough continues for more than 3 weeks If the infant experiences vomiting of formula after coughing If the infant has had less than five wet diapers in 24 hours If the infant appears more lethargic than usual If the infant is having flaring of the nostrils

3,4,5

Which vaccines should the nurse expect to administer to a 6-month-old? Select all that apply. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP)

3,4,5

What information about the side effects of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine should the nurse provide to parents? Warn that the child may have difficulty sleeping for the next several days. Decrease milk intake to prevent gastrointestinal upset. Administer acetaminophen to prevent pain at the injection site and reduce fever if it occurs. Monitor for rash in the child for the next 7 to 10 days.

Administer acetaminophen to prevent pain at the injection site and reduce fever if it occurs.

A nurse is preparing to admit a child suspected of having rubeola (measles). What are the appropriate precautions to take to reduce possibility of transmission with this disease? Both airborne and contact precautions Airborne precautions only Contact precautions only Standard precautions only

Airborne precautions only

The nurse knows what treatment is recommended for pertussis (whooping cough)? Cold compresses Antiviral medications administered 21 days after onset of symptoms Antibiotic medications started within 21 days of onset of symptoms Acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen for discomfort

Antibiotic medications started within 21 days of onset of symptoms

What information should the nurse provide to parents after a child receives a vaccination? Appropriate dosage of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the child Not to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen after immunization as it will impair the immune response Cold compresses should be applied to the injection site if redness appears. Adverse reactions are common and do not need to be reported unless hospitalization is required.

Appropriate dosage of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the child

The nurse knows an infant receives which type of immunity when given a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine? Natural active immunity Artifically acquired active immunity Artifically acquired passive immunity Natually acquired passive immunity

Artifically acquired active immunity

A parent asks why they are not supposed to administer aspirin to a child with a fever. Which is the best response by the nurse? Aspirin should not be given to children because of the possibility of developing a serious illness called Reye's syndrome. Aspirin should not be given to children because it may cause gastroesophageal reflux. Aspirin should not be given to children because it may cause dependency on the medication. Aspirin should not be given to children because it does not taste good to children.

Aspirin should not be given to children because of the possibility of developing a serious illness called Reye's syndrome.

A child is diagnosed with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and the nurse is providing parent education about the management of care. Which important information regarding this disease is important to include in the teaching? Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is not contagious. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is considered to be contagious until the rash appears. A child with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) will need to take oral antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is an airborne illness.

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is considered to be contagious until the rash appears.

A nurse is providing parent education regarding immunizations in children. Which teaching point should the nurse include regarding contraindications for administering immunizations? Immunizations should be not be administered if the child has a fever greater than 101°F. There are no contraindications to be considered regarding immunizations. Parents should be taught to administer ibuprofen and/or acetaminophen to children after getting an immunization. Parents do not need to be taught about the side effects of vaccines.

Immunizations should be not be administered if the child has a fever greater than 101°F.

A teenage girl is presenting to the clinic for the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, having never been immunized in the past. Which does the nurse recognize as a possible contraindication to giving this vaccine? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection Tuberculosis (TB) Pregnancy Egg allergy

Pregnancy

A nurse is caring for an infant admitted to the hospital for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). What is a priority nursing intervention for a child with this illness? As the virus is extremely contagious, ask parents to remain at home. Encourage the family to bring the infant to the play room to stimulate the infant\"s development. Provide the infant with frequent respiratory assessments, including repositioning and suctioning as needed. Prepare the child for intubation.

Provide the infant with frequent respiratory assessments, including repositioning and suctioning as needed.

The nurse is examining a child with a known exposure to measles and notes small red and white spots in the mouth. How should the nurse interpret this finding? This is a normal finding. These spots indicate early measles infection. The child may have mononucleosis. Measles presents as a rash first, and spots in the mouth appear later.

These spots indicate early measles infection.

A child with sickle cell anemia is diagnosed with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). What is a priority nursing intervention for this child, if hospitalized? This child should be placed on droplet precautions when hospitalized. This child should be placed on airborne precautions when hospitalized. This child should be placed on neutropenic precautions when hospitalized. This child should be placed on universal precautions when hospitalized.

This child should be placed on droplet precautions when hospitalized.

In counseling the parents of a child recently diagnosed with varicella, when should the nurse state they are no longer contagious? 10 to 21 days after exposure Until all vesicles are crusted over One week after receiving antiviral medication Once the child is no longer itching

Until all vesicles are crusted over

The nurse is providing education to parents of an infant diagnosed with pertussis (whooping cough). What should the nurse include in the teaching about when parents should notify the doctor? Paroxysmal coughing Coughing symptoms after 3 days Increased lethargy and a decrease in the number of wet diapers Post-tussive emesis

Increased lethargy and a decrease in the number of wet diapers

What instructions should be discussed with a family when discharging their infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? Be sure to have everyone in the family and any visitors wear masks, gowns, and gloves. Monitor for signs and symptoms of increased respiratory distress, such as color changes, retractions, nasal flaring, and grunting. Avoid giving the infant any pain medications, such as acetaminophen. The infant may return to daycare immediately.

Monitor for signs and symptoms of increased respiratory distress, such as color changes, retractions, nasal flaring, and grunting.

A nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents about mononucleosis (mono). Which statement should be included in the nurse's teaching? Mono is a chronic illness that can cause fatigue but is not contagious. Mono is an acute illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can be contracted by people of all ages, but is mostly seen in adolescents. Mono is caused by a bacterial infection that is most often found in the older population. Mono is an acquired illness that can be prevented by common immunizations typically received during childhood.

Mono is an acute illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that can be contracted by people of all ages, but is mostly seen in adolescents.

A 2-month-old infant is receiving vaccines for the first time when the mother asks about the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine. How should the nurse respond? Hib is a virus that causes respiratory illness in children. Hib is a live vaccine that must be given on a strict schedule. Multiple doses will be required to achieve full immunity. Hib can be given orally to avoid the pain of injections.

Multiple doses will be required to achieve full immunity.

The nurse is providing parent education about hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Which statement made by a parent indicates that further teaching is required? My child will need to be on oral antibiotics for 7 to 10 days My child may need to take acetaminophen or ibuprophen to decrease discomfort. My child may need to stay home from preschool, due to the contagiousness of HFMD. I will notify the physician if my child does not drink enough fluids.

My child will need to be on oral antibiotics for 7 to 10 days

The school nurse is informed of a child with human parvovirus B19 (HPV) in the same classroom as a child with sickle cell anemia. What is the appropriate action for the nurse to take? None. There is no increased risk with sickle cell. Notify the mother of the sickle cell child, as there is an increased risk of crisis with HPV. None. Sickle cell disease provides immunity against HPV. Screen the child for rash.

Notify the mother of the sickle cell child, as there is an increased risk of crisis with HPV.

Which statement about decreasing the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is important for the nurse to include in parent education? Children should wear masks in order to prevent the spread of the illness. Parents should be advised to clean surfaces and toys with soap and water, and disinfect with a solution of 1 tablespoon of bleach to 4 cups of water. Once children contract HFMD, they will be immune to it and, therefore, will not be able to acquire it again. HFMD is caused by a bacteria.

Parents should be advised to clean surfaces and toys with soap and water, and disinfect with a solution of 1 tablespoon of bleach to 4 cups of water.

What information about the communicability of pertussis (whooping cough) should the nurse include in the teaching for parents of an infant recently diagnosed with pertussis? Pertussis is not considered to be contagious. Pertussis is highly contagious and the infant should be considered contagious 2 weeks from the onset of symptoms in immunized infants and 6 weeks in non-immunized infants. There is no vaccination for pertussis. Pertussis is transmitted through the air.

Pertussis is highly contagious and the infant should be considered contagious 2 weeks from the onset of symptoms in immunized infants and 6 weeks in non-immunized infants.

A nurse is providing parent education about immunity. Which important fact about immunity should be included in the teaching? Immunity refers to what kinds of symptoms the child will have in response to a disease process. Passive immunity refers to when a child actually has an infection and then is immune to the disease thereafter. Vaccine-induced immunity is a form of active immunity to a disease that comes from being immunized with a killed or weakened form of that disease. Active immunity is when antibodies are passed from mother to fetus by way of the placenta.

Vaccine-induced immunity is a form of active immunity to a disease that comes from being immunized with a killed or weakened form of that disease.

A nurse is providing education to a group of parents about the importance of immunizations. Which fact about immunizations should the nurse include in their teaching? Vaccines have significantly reduced the incidence of several communicable diseases. Vaccines have had no overall impact on the health and wellness of children. Vaccines have serious consequences, like increased incidence of autism. Since the use of vaccines in the United States, the polio virus has been completely eradicated worldwide.

Vaccines have significantly reduced the incidence of several communicable diseases.

A parent of a child diagnosed with hepatitis A (HAV) asks the nurse if the disease is contagious. What is the best response by the nurse? "HAV is a congenital disease which means the child was born with the disease." "HAV is a contagious disease that is most commonly spread through contaminated food." "HAV is a an airborne illness and therefore children with HAV should wear masks." "HAV is transmitted through droplets."

"HAV is a contagious disease that is most commonly spread through contaminated food."

The mother of a 6-month-old asks the nurse if he can receive immunizations for varicella, as she is concerned about a possible exposure. What is the appropriate response for the nurse to make? "The varicella vaccine is not given before the first birthday." "The varicella vaccine can be given now due to the possible exposure." "There is little concern of varicella infection in children this age." "He should have natural passive immunity from you that will provide protection."

"The varicella vaccine is not given before the first birthday."

A student nurse asks about the increased incidence of measles in the United States. What is the best response from the nurse regarding the cause of this increase? "Vaccines have lost effectiveness due to mutations in the disease itself." "There has been a re-emergence of preventable diseases due to decreases in immunization rates." "Measles has been eradicated in the United States, but is still present in other countries." "Poor hygiene has led to an increase in the spread of this illness."

"There has been a re-emergence of preventable diseases due to decreases in immunization rates."

A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse assesses the infant and knows that which signs and symptoms indicate respiratory distress? Select all that apply. Retractions Grunting Nasal flaring Snoring Respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute

1,2,3

The nurse administers a vaccine to a child and knows to document which statement? Select all that apply. The expiration date and lot number of the vaccine The site the vaccine was administered The date and time that the vaccine was administered The route the vaccine was administered The complete health history of the child

1,2,3,4

The nurse is reviewing a vaccine information statement (VIS) with a family member prior to administering vaccines. What information must be included on the VIS? Select all that apply. Possible side effects Possible allergies to vaccines Age requirements for vaccines The purpose of the vaccine Percentages of side effects

1,2,4

A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with mononucleosis and identifies which clinical manifestations consistent with the diagnosis of mononucleosis? Select all that apply. Splenomegaly Pharyngitis Rash on soles of feet and palms of hands Fever Malaise

1,2,4,5

The nurse is assessing a child who has just received 12-month immunizations. The nurse knows which signs are commonly associated with side effects of immunizations? Select all that apply. Redness at the site Soreness at the site Swelling of the mouth and/or lips Raised rash Mild fever

1,2,5

The nurse is preparing to care for a child admitted with a diagnosis of varicella. Which equipment should the nurse include as preparation for the required isolation for this child? Select all that apply. Respirator mask Non-sterile gloves Sterile gloves A mask for the client to wear in the room Airborne isolation room

1,2,5

A 16-year-old is being seen in the clinic for a well-child check. The nurse notes that the child received a meningococcal ACWY vaccine at age 12. What should the nurse consider when making vaccine recommendations for the current visit? Select all that apply. The client is due for a booster of the meningococcal ACWY vaccine. Meningococcal B vaccine is required to be given at this age. Meningococcal B vaccine can be given safely at this age if the client desires immunity. The client will need to return for additional doses of meningococcal B vaccine if given at this visit. The nurse needs to determine if a female client could be pregnant prior to the administration of any meningococcal vaccine.

1,3,4,5

A nurse is caring for a preschool-age child diagnosed with varicella. The nurse knows to implement which interventions to decrease discomfort? Select all that apply. Administer aspirin as needed for pain and decrease fever. Encourage the child to drink fluids. Apply topical anti-pruritic creams. Administer acetaminophen as needed for pain and to decrease fever. Provide age-appropriate activities to distract the child from scratching the lesions.

2,3,4,5

The nurse knows that it is safe to administer the varicella vaccine to a child who has which disease process? Acute lymphocytic lymphoma (ALL) Acute myeloid lymphoma (AML) Acute upper respiratory infection Long-term steroid use

Acute upper respiratory infection

The nurse knows that conjunctivitis (pink eye) is a communicable disease and provides education to parents about which important topic? Conjunctivitis does not require any medications. Conjunctivitis is not contagious after 24 hours. Conjunctivitis does not have any long-term sequelae. Conjunctivitis can be prevented by frequent hand washing.

Conjunctivitis can be prevented by frequent hand washing.

A nurse is preparing to admit an infant diagnosed with pertussis. What kind of precautions should the nurse prepare for this infant? No precautions are necessary. Contact precautions only Contact and droplet precautions Airborne precautions

Contact and droplet precautions

The mother of a toddler remarks that she notes lethargy and vague symptoms before her child becomes ill and wonders if the child is contagious to other members of the household. What principle of communicable disease transmission should the nurse utilize when responding? During the prodromal period of an illness, there is often an increased communicability. During the prodromal period of an illness, there is a decreased possibility of communicability. It is unlikely to be contagious until the child shows obvious symptoms of illness, such as a rash. This is known as the incubation period, in which the organisms are not strong enough to be transmitted.

During the prodromal period of an illness, there is often an increased communicability.

The nurse is providing parent education about how to prevent influenza. Which statement made by the parents indicates that the teaching was understood? Influenza is a serious disease process caused by bacteria and my child will need to take antibiotics. Influenza is potentially preventable illness if my child receives a vaccine annually. If my child receives the influenza vaccine, my child will definitely not contract the flu. Influenza is transmitted through direct contact with blood.

Influenza is potentially preventable illness if my child receives a vaccine annually.

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with hepatitis B (HBV) and knows to include which important teaching point to the parents? It is important to teach the parents that HBV is a blood-borne illness and may require chronic care. HBV is caused by a bacteria and is considered to be contagious. HBV is not considered to be contagious. HBV is transmitted through contact with droplets.

It is important to teach the parents that HBV is a blood-borne illness and may require chronic care.

The nurse caring for a child with mumps (parotitis) knows which food(s) to encourage? Potato chips Mashed potatoes Tacos Pizza

Mashed potatoes

The nurse is caring for a child with an infectious disease requiring droplet precautions. Which type of equipment should the nurse utilize to maintain this type of isolation? Respirator mask, gloves and gown Masks for staff and client if the client is being transported Gown and gloves Negative pressure-controlled room

Masks for staff and client if the client is being transported

The nurse knows that which is a priority nursing intervention when caring for a client with mumps (parotitis)? Administering morphine sulfate IV Placing the client on isolation (neutropenic precautions) Immunizing the client with the parotitis vaccine Providing the client with cold compresses for edema

Providing the client with cold compresses for edema

The school nurse is examining a child with suspected conjunctivitis. What findings would be present in bacterial conjunctivitis that are not present in viral conjunctivitis? Reddened or pink conjunctiva Purulent discharge Watery discharge Edema of the affected eye

Purulent discharge

A nurse is caring for an adolescent client diagnosed with acute mononucleosis. The client is demonstrating increased temperature, throat pain, and lethargy. Which is a priority nursing intervention for this client? Request physician order for intravenous fluids (IVF). Place the client on reverse isolation precautions (neutropenic precations). Encourage increased oral intake. Encourage physical therapy consult.

Request physician order for intravenous fluids (IVF).

The clinic nurse is performing follow-up calls for a teenage client who was diagnosed with presumptive strep pharyngitis and prescribed antibiotics. The mother reports that the child has developed a raised, reddish rash. What is the next action for the nurse to take? Request the client return to the clinic for a mono spot test. Discontinue antibiotics completely due to allergic reaction. Instruct the mother to give an antihistamine and continue with the prescribed course of antibiotics. Refer the child to the emergency department for evaluation and treatment.

Request the client return to the clinic for a mono spot test.

In caring for a child with chickenpox (varicella), the nurse should be alert to signs and symptoms of which potential complication? Secondary bacterial infections of the skin Urinary retention Painful testes in males Joint pain and swelling

Secondary bacterial infections of the skin

A nurse is administering the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). The nurse knows that this vaccine is administered in which site? Deltoid Vastus lateralis Gluteus maximus Subcutaneously

Subcutaneously

A nurse is caring for a toddler with a respiratory infection who tests positive for influenza type A in the hospital setting. Which is a priority nursing intervention for this child? The child should be placed in a private room only. The child should be placed on airborne precautions. The child should be placed on neutropenic precautions. The child should be placed on contact and droplet precautions.

The child should be placed on contact and droplet precautions.

A nurse is providing education to a parent of a child diagnosed with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The parent asks when the disease is no longer considered to be contagious. Which is the nurse's best response? \"The virus is not contagious.\" \"Chickenpox is considered contagious until the vesicles are crusted over and no longer open.\" \"Your child will need to cover all of the vesicles until they completely disappear.\" \"Your child will need to wear a mask when he or she returns to school.\"

\"Chickenpox is considered contagious until the vesicles are crusted over and no longer open.\"

The nurse is preparing an educational offering to nursing students regarding preventive measures for pertussis. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? \"We recommend that adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years who have received the full DTaP series immunization get a single dose of the Tdap vaccine.\" \"It is no longer recommended that young children receive the DTaP vaccine series.\" \"Only adults should receive the DTaP vaccine series.\" \"It is now recommended that people get a complete DTaP vaccine series every 10 years.\"

\"We recommend that adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years who have received the full DTaP series immunization get a single dose of the Tdap vaccine.\"

A parent of a preschooler with a sore throat asks the nurse how long their child will be contagious after being on antibiotic medications. The nurse notes that the child was diagnosed with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), and has been on antibiotics for more than 2 days. Which is the best response by the nurse? \"Your child will continue to be contagious until the entire course of antibiotics have been completed." \"Your child is not contagious at all." \"Your child will continue to be contagious for 1 week.\" \"Your child will only continue to be contagious for 24 hours after starting the antibiotics.\"

\"Your child will only continue to be contagious for 24 hours after starting the antibiotics.\"