Peds ch 9 and 10 (Infant)
A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6-month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention? a. Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age. b. Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb. c. Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation. d. Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs.
A
An infant has been diagnosed with an allergy to milk. In teaching the parent how to meet the infants nutritional needs, the nurse states that a. Most children will grow out of the allergy. b. All dairy products must be eliminated from the childs diet. c. It is important to have the entire family follow the special diet. d. Antihistamines can be used so the child can have milk products.
A
An infant, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. What is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention? a. Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach. b. Do not permit him to chew paint from window ledges because he might absorb too much lead. c. When he learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall. d. Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed.
A
At a well-child check-up, the nurse notes that an infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake be limited to no more than how much? a. 4 oz/day b. 6 oz/day c. 8 oz/day d. 12 oz/day
A
In teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection, the nurse should recommend which characteristic? a. Easily grasped handle b. Detachable shield for cleaning c. Soft, pliable material d. Ribbon or string to secure to clothing
A
Lactose intolerance is diagnosed in an 11-month-old infant. Which should the nurse recommend as a milk substitute? a. Yogurt b. Ice cream c. Fortified cereal d. Cows milkbased formula
A
The mother of a 3-month-old breastfed infant asks about giving her baby water because it is summer and very warm. What should the nurse tell her? a. Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed. b. Water should be given if the infant seems to nurse longer than usual. c. Clear juices are better than water to promote adequate fluid intake. d. Water once or twice a day will make up for losses resulting from environmental temperature.
A
The nurse is teaching a parent with a 2-month-old infant who has been diagnosed with colic about ways to relieve colic. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for additional teaching? a. I should let my infant cry for at least 30 minutes before I respond. b. I will swaddle my infant tightly with a soft blanket. c. I should massage my infants abdomen whenever possible. d. I will place my infant in an upright seat after feeding.
A
The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry. What is the nurses best action? a. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings. b. Encourage the parent not to worry so much. c. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting. d. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.
A
The parents of a 3-month-old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurses response should be based on remembering what? a. This is acceptable to encourage head control and turning over. b. This is acceptable to encourage fine motor development. c. This is unacceptable because of the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). d. This is unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones.
A
What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? a. Give large pushpull toys for kinetic stimulation. b. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills. c. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills. d. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.
A
What is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation? a. Playing peek-a-boo b. Playing pat-a-cake c. Imitating animal sounds d. Showing how to clap hands
A
What may a clinical manifestations of failure to thrive (FTT) in a 13-month-old include? a. Irregularity in activities of daily living b. Preferring solid food to milk or formula c. Weight that is at or below the 10th percentile d. Appropriate achievement of developmental landmarks
A
Which factors will decrease iron absorption and should not be given at the same time as an iron supplement? a. Milk b. Fruit juice c. Multivitamin d. Meat, fish, poultry
A
The nurse has administered a dose of epinephrine to a 12-month-old infant. For which adverse reactions of epinephrine should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.) a. Nausea b. Tremors c. Irritability d. Bradycardia e. Hypotension
ABC
The nurse is planning play activities for a 2-month-old hospitalized infant to stimulate the auditory sense. Which activities should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Talk to the infant. b. Play a music box. c. Place a squeaky doll in the crib. d. Give the infant a small-handled clear rattle.
ABD
The nurse is preparing to feed a 10-month-old child diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which actions should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Be persistent. b. Introduce new foods slowly. c. Provide a stimulating atmosphere. d. Maintain a calm, even temperament. e. Feed the infant only when signs of hunger are exhibited.
ABD
The nurse is evaluating a 7-month-old infants cognitive development. Which behaviors should the nurse anticipate evaluating? (Select all that apply.) a. Imitates sounds b. Shows interest in a mirror image c. Comprehends simple commands d. Actively searches for a hidden object e. Attracts attention by methods other than crying
ABE
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4-month-old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Keep baby powder out of reach. b. Inspect toys for removable parts. c. Allow the infant to take a bottle to bed. d. Teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort. e. The infant should not be fed hard candy, nuts, or foods with pits.
ABE
The nurse is planning care for an infant with eczema. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Avoid giving the infant a bubble bath. b. Avoid the use of a humidifier in the infants room. c. Avoid overdressing the infant. d. Avoid the use of topical steroids on the infants skin. e. Avoid wet compresses on the infants most affected areas.
AC
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of an 8-month-old infant on preventing a drowning injury. Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Fence swimming pools. b. Keep bathroom doors open. c. Eliminate unnecessary pools of water. d. Keep one hand on the child while in the tub. e. Supervise the child when near any source of water.
ACDE
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 1-month-old infant on preventing a suffocation injury. Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Do not place pillows in the infants crib. b. Crib slats should be 4 inches or less apart. c. Keep all plastic bags stored out of the infants reach. d. Plastic over the mattress is acceptable if it is covered with a sheet. e. A pacifier should not be tied on a string around the infants neck.
ACE
The nurse is teaching parents about foods that are hyperallergenic. Which foods should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Peanuts b. Bananas c. Potatoes d. Egg noodles e. Tomato juice
ADE
The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Overeating b. Understimulation c. Frequent burping d. Parental smoking e. Swallowing excessive air
ADE
A bottle-fed infant has been diagnosed with cows milk allergy. Which formula should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant? a. Similac b. Pregestimil c. Enfamil with iron d. Gerber Good Start
B
A parent brings a 12-month-old infant into the emergency department and tells the nurse that the infant is allergic to peanuts and was accidentally given a cookie with peanuts in it. The infant is dyspneic, wheezing, and cyanotic. The health care provider has prescribed a dose of epinephrine to be administered. The infant weighs 24 lb. How many milligrams of epinephrine should be administered? a. 0.11 to 0.33 mg b. 0.011 to 0.3 mg c. 1.1 to 3.3 mg d. 11 to 33 mg
B
After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which pediatric issues? a. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) b. Plagiocephaly c. Failure to thrive d. Apnea of infancy
B
At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months
B
The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia? a. Maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months. b. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells. c. The production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life. d. Low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.
B
The mother of a 6-month-old infant has returned to work and is expressing breast milk to be frozen. She asks for directions on how to safely thaw the breast milk in the microwave. What should the nurse recommend? a. Heat only 10 oz or more. b. Do not thaw or heat breast milk in a microwave oven. c. Always leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape. d. Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.
B
The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? a. I can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics to feel. b. I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby. c. I should introduce a cup and spoon or pushpull toys for my baby at this age. d. I do not have to worry about appropriate play activities at this age.
B
The nurse is discussing the management of atopic dermatitis (eczema) with a parent. What should be included? a. Dress infant warmly to prevent chilling. b. Keep the infants fingernails and toenails cut short and clean. c. Give bubble baths instead of washing lesions with soap. d. Launder clothes in mild detergent; use fabric softener in the rinse.
B
The nurse is interviewing the father of a 10-month-old girl. The child is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says no firmly and moves her away from the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father what? a. That the child should be given a time-out b. That the child is old enough to understand the word no c. That the child will learn safety issues better if she is spanked d. That the child should already know that electrical outlets are dangerous
B
The parent of an 8.2-kg (18-lb) 9-month-old infant is borrowing a federally approved car seat from the clinic. The nurse should explain that the safest way to put in the car seat is what? a. Front facing in back seat b. Rear facing in back seat c. Front facing in front seat with air bag on passenger side d. Rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side
B
The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. What is the nurses best response? a. Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then pick him up. b. Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him. c. Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries. d. If he isnt soiled or wet, leave him, and hell cry himself to sleep.
B
What is an important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? a. Discourage the parents from making a last visit with the infant. b. Make a follow-up home visit to the parents as soon as possible after the childs death. c. Explain how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented. d. Interview the parents in depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the childs death.
B
What is the best age to introduce solid food into an infants diet? a. 2 to 3 months b. 4 to 6 months c. When birth weight has tripled d. When tooth eruption has started
B
Which one of the following strategies might be recommended for an infant with failure to thrive (FTT) to increase caloric intake? a. Vary the schedule for routine activities on a daily basis. b. Be persistent through 10 to 15 minutes of food refusal. c. Avoid solids until after the bottle is well accepted. d. Use developmental stimulation by a specialist during feedings.
B
The clinic nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant during a well-child appointment. The nurse should use which approaches to alleviate the infants stranger anxiety? (Select all that apply.) a. Talk in a loud voice. b. Meet the infant at eye level. c. Avoid sudden intrusive gestures. d. Maintain a safe distance initially. e. Pick up the infant and hold him or her closely.
BCD
The nurse is teaching parents strategies to manage their childs refusal to go to sleep. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Keep bedtime early. b. Enforce consistent limits. c. Use a reward system with the child. d. Have a consistent before bedtime routine.
BCD
A 12-month-old infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which assessment findings does the nurse expect to be documented with this infant? (Select all that apply.) a. Fear of strangers b. Minimal smiling c. Avoidance of eye contact d. Meeting developmental milestones e. Wide-eyed gaze and continual scan of the environment
BCE
The nurse is teaching a group of parents at a community education program about introducing solid foods to their infants. Which recommendations should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Spoon feeding should be introduced after an entire milk feeding. b. It is best to introduce a wide variety of foods during the first year. c. As solid food consumption increases, the quantity of milk should decrease. d. Introduction of low-calorie milk and food should be done by the end of the first year. e. Introduction of citrus fruits, meats, and eggs should be delayed until after 6 months of age. f. Each new food item should be introduced at 5- to 7-day intervals.
BCEF
The community health nurse is reviewing risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Which children are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency? (Select all that apply.) a. Children with fair pigmentation b. Children who are overweight or obese c. Children who are exclusively bottle fed d. Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D e. Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D
BDE
A 1-year-old child is on a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what? a. Niacin b. Folic acid c. Vitamins D and B12 d. Vitamins C and E
C
A new parent asks the nurse, How can diaper rash be prevented? What should the nurse recommend? a. Wash the infant with soap before applying a thin layer of oil. b. Clean the infant with soap and water every time diaper is changed. c. Wipe stool from the skin using water and a mild cleanser. d. When changing the diaper, wipe the buttocks with oil and powder the creases.
C
A new parent relates to the nurse that the family has many known food allergies. Which is considered a primary strategy for feeding the infant with many family food allergies? a. Using soy formula for feeding b. Maternal avoidance of cows milk protein c. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months d. Delaying the introduction of highly allergenic foods past 6 months
C
According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage? a. Use of reflexes b. Primary circular reactions c. Secondary circular reactions d. Coordination of secondary schemata
C
An infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT) classified according to the pathophysiology of defective utilization. The nurse understands that the reason for the FTT is most likely related to what? a. Cystic fibrosis b. Hyperthyroidism c. Congenital infection d. Breastfeeding problems
C
An infant weighed 8 lb at birth and was 18 inches in length. What weight and length should the infant be at 5 months of age? a. 12 lb, 20 inches b. 14 lb, 21.5 inches c. 16 lb, 23 inches d. 18 lb, 24.5 inches
C
At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection? a. Developmentally appropriate toys b. Nutritious snacks served to the children c. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes d. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility
C
At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? a. 6 months b. 9 months c. 12 months d. 18 months
C
At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 12 months
C
At which age do most infants begin to fear strangers? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 6 months d. 12 months
C
At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as his or her own hand? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months
C
At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 10 months d. 14 months
C
By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? a. 5 to 6 months b. 7 to 8 months c. 11 to 12 months d. 14 to 15 months
C
During the 2-month well-child checkup, the nurse expects the infant to respond to sound in which manner? a.Respond to name. b.React to loud noise with Moro reflex. c.Turn his or her head to side when sound is at ear level. d.Locate sound by turning his or her head in a curving arc.
C
In terms of gross motor development, what should the nurse expect an infant age 5 months to do? a. Sit erect without support. b. Roll from the back to the abdomen. c. Turn from the abdomen to the back. d. Move from a prone to a sitting position.
C
The nurse is examining an infant, age 10 months, who was brought to the clinic for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds perianal inflammation with satellite lesions. What is the most likely cause? a. Impetigo b. Urine and feces c. Candida albicans infection d. Infrequent diapering
C
The nurse is performing an assessment on a 10-week-old infant. The nurse understands that the developmental characteristic of hearing at this age is which? a. The infant responds to his own name. b. The infant localizes sounds by turning his head directly to the sound. c. The infant turns his head to the side when sound is made at the level of the ear. d. The infant locates sound by turning his head to the side and then looking up or down.
C
The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12-month-old infant. Which fine or gross motor developmental skill demonstrates the proximodistal acquisition of skills? a. Standing b. Sitting without assistance c. Fully developed pincer grasp d. Taking a few steps holding onto something
C
The nurse is teaching parents guidelines for feeding their 8-month-old infant with failure to thrive (FTT). Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further teaching? a. We will continue to use the 24-kcal/oz formula. b. We will be sure to follow the formula preparation instructions. c. We will be sure to give our infant at least 8 oz of juice every day. d. We will be sure to feed our infant according to the written schedule.
C
The parent of 2-week-old infant asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are necessary because the infant is exclusively breastfed. What is the nurses best response? a. The infant needs to begin taking them now. b. Supplements are not needed if you drink fluoridated water. c. The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months. d. The infant can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements.
C
The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the babys formula faster. What should the nurse recommend? a. Heat only 8 oz or more. b. Do not heat a plastic bottle in a microwave oven. c. Leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape. d. Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.
C
What is an appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic? a. Shake vigorously. b. Roll the infants head to the side. c. Gently stimulate the trunk by patting or rubbing. d. Hold the infant by the feet upside down with the head supported.
C
What is marasmus? a. Deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories b. Syndrome that results solely from vitamin deficiencies c. Not confined to geographic areas where food supplies are inadequate d. Characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites)
C
What is most descriptive of atopic dermatitis (AD) (eczema) in an infant? a. Easily cured b. Worse in humid climates c. Associated with hereditary allergies d. Related to upper respiratory tract infections
C
Which intervention is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain? a. Rub gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation. b. Apply hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation. c. Give the infant a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation. d. Have the infant chew on a warm teething ring to encourage tooth eruption.
C
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 6-month-old on preventing an accidental poisoning injury. Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Place plants on the floor. b. Place medications in a cupboard. c. Discard used containers of poisonous substances. d. Keep cosmetic and personal products out of the childs reach. e. Make sure that paint for furniture or toys does not contain lead.
CDE
What are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome? (Select all that apply.) a. Postterm b. Female gender c. Low Apgar scores d. Recent viral illness e. Native American infants
CDE
An infant has been diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT) classified according to the pathophysiology of inadequate caloric intake. The nurse understands that the reason for the FTT is most likely related to what? a. Cows milk allergy b. Congenital heart disease c. Metabolic storage disease d. Incorrect formula preparation
D
An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what? a. Normal tooth eruption b. Delayed tooth eruption c. Unusual and dangerous d. Earlier than expected tooth eruption
D
At an 8-month-old well-baby visit, the parent tells the nurse that her infant falls asleep at night during the last bottle feeding but wakes up when moved to the infants crib. What is the most appropriate response for the nurse to make? a. You should put your baby to sleep 1 hour earlier without the nighttime feeding but with a pacifier for soothing. b. You could place rice cereal in the last bottle feeding of the day to ensure a longer sleep pattern. c. You should have your partner give the last bottle of the day and observe whether your infant stays awake for your partner. d. You could increase daytime feeding intervals to every 4 hours and put your baby in the crib while the baby is still awake.
D
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in what? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Folic acid and iron d. Vitamin D and calcium
D
The nurse is administering an oral antihistamine at bedtime to a child with atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which antihistamine should the nurse expect to be prescribed at bedtime? a. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) b. Loratadine (Claritin) c. Fexofenadine (Allegra) d. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
D
The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their children. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet? a. Fat b. Protein c. Vitamins C and A d. Iron and calcium
D
The nurse is interviewing the parents of a 4-month-old boy brought to the hospital emergency department. The infant is dead, and no attempt at resuscitation is made. The parents state that the baby was found in his crib with a blanket over his head, lying face down in bloody fluid from his nose and mouth. The nurse might initially suspect his death was caused by what? a. Suffocation b. Child abuse c. Infantile apnea d. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
D
The nurse is teaching parents about expected language development for their 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statement? a. Our baby should comprehend the word no. b. Our baby knows the meaning of saying mama. c. Our baby should be able to say three to five words. d. Our baby should begin to combine syllables, such as dada.
D
The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurses reply should be based on what? a. The child is too young to digest hot dogs. b. The child is too young to eat hot dogs safely. c. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration. d. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.
D
Where do eczematous lesions most commonly occur in an infant? a. Abdomen, cheeks, and scalp b. Buttocks, abdomen, and scalp c. Back and flexor surfaces of the arms and legs d. Cheeks and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
D
Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months? a.Neat pincer grasp b.Strong grasp reflex c.Builds a tower of two cubes d.Able to grasp object voluntarily
D
Which statement best describes colic? a. Periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss b. Usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering c. Periods of abdominal pain and crying occurring in infants older than age 6 months d. A paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying
D
Which term refers to the relative lactase deficiency observed in preterm infants of less than 34 weeks of gestation? a. Congenital lactase deficiency b. Primary lactase deficiency c. Secondary lactase deficiency d. Developmental lactase deficiency
D
he nurse is teaching parents about caring for their infant with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap). Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching? a. We will rinse off the shampoo quickly and dry the scalp thoroughly. b. We will shampoo the hair every other day with antiseborrheic shampoo. c. We will be sure to shampoo the hair without removing any of the crusts. d. We will use a fine-tooth comb to help remove the loosened crusts from the strands of hair.
D
The nurse is collecting a stool sample from an infant with lactose intolerance. Which fecal pH should the nurse expect as the result? a. 5.5 b. 7.0 c. 7.5 d. 8
a