Peds Exam 2 Practice Questions
In working with the toddler, which statement would be most appropriate to say to the toddler to decrease the behavior known as negativism? A. "It is time for lunch. I am going to put your bib on." B. "Are you getting hungry and ready for lunch?" C. "You love having the same food every day. Do you want apples again with lunch?" D. "Do you want help getting into your chair so we can have lunch?"
A
A group of nursing students are completing a clinical day at a preschool. Which behaviors would they identify as common in this preschool group? SATA. A. Telling of tall tales B. Difficulty with sharing C. Sibling rivalry D. Imaginary friends E. Completing multi-step tasks F. Regression
A, B, C, D, F
The mother of a toddler half-jokingly states: "I am so tired of hearing 'NO!' What suggestions will the nurse offer to reduce toddler negativism? SATA A. Offer simple choices: "Blue shirt or red one?" B. Use humor to make "no" funny: "Do cows bark?" C. Emphasize what is not to be done: "Don't sit there." D. Avoid "yes" and "no" questions. E. Avoid ending a request with "Okay?" F. Make statements: "It is time for lunch."
A, B, D, E, F
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the caregiver of a 13-year-old adolescent. Which of the following screenings should the nurse recommend for the adolescent? SATA A. BMI B. Blood lead level C. 24-hour dietary recall D. Weight E. Scoliosis
A, D, E
An infant's mother asks the nurse, "When should I expect my daughter to begin to walk?" A. "Probably by 9 months." B. "Most children walk around 12 months." C. "It varies so much I couldn't even guess." D. "Try not to worry. When she's ready, she'll walk."
B
A nurse is assessing a 12-month old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Closed anterior fontanel B. Eruption of six teeth C. Birth weight doubled D. Birth length increased by 50%
C
A 7-year-old child has taken money from a sibling's dresser on two occasions. When counseling the parent about this behavior, what would the nurse advise? A. "You may need to remind your child about property rights." B. "Stealing is unusual for a 7-year-old child." C. "You should buy your other child a bank that cannot be opened." D. You should talk to the child's teacher about putting less pressure on your child."
A
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 3-year-old child. Which of the following skills should the nurse expect the child to perform? A. Ride a tricycle B. Hop on one foot C. Jump rope D. Throw a ball overhead
A
A nurse is providing education about age appropriate activities for the caregivers of a 6-year-old child. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in teaching? A. Jumping rope B. Playing card games C. Solving jigsaw puzzles D. Joining competitive sports
A
A nurse is providing teaching about age-appropriate activities to the guardian of a 2-year-old. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will send my child's favorite stuffed animal when napping away from home will occur" B. "My child should be able to stand on one foot for a second." C. "The soccer team my child will be playing on starts practicing next week." D. "I should expect my child to be able to draw cirlces."
A
A nurse is providing teaching about expected changes during puberty to a group of guardians of early adolescent girls. Which of the following statement by one of the guardians indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "Girls usually stop growing about 2 years after menarche." B. "Girls are expected to gain about 65 pounds during puberty." C. "Girls experience menstruation prior to breast development." D. "Girls typically grow more than 10 inches during puberty."
A
A toddler seems unable to remain dry despite toilet training. Which patient teaching should be included in his plan of care? A. He probably is not yet physically ready for toilet training. B. He is reacting to her emotional outbursts. C. He may need to be examined by a child psychologist to solve this problem. D. He must be under undue stress to be behaving this way.
A
An adolescent admits to using marijuana on a daily basis. What should the nurse explain to the patient to help improve performance in school? A. Marijuana causes memory gaps that interfere with learning. B. The effect of marijuana fades fastest if eating occurs after use. C. Marijuana leads to muscle laxness, so it should not be used close to gym class. D. Marijuana increases blood pressure; running should not be done after smoking it.
A
Beginning verbal communication is one of the most important tasks that infants need to achieve. The nurse teaches Bryan's mother that by 12 months of age he should display which characteristics? a. "Children this age can usually say around two words, plus 'ma-ma' and 'da-da.'" b. "One-year-olds can usually say more words than they are able to understand." c. "A 12-month-old child can express his or her basic needs verbally." d. "An infant who is this age usually can't understand spoken words."
A
Cathy's family is expecting a new baby. When Cathy is visiting the birthing center, the nurse should promote which behavior as a means of fostering family bonding during this time of transition? a. Take action to help Cathy spend as much time with her mother and the infant as possible. b. Teach Cathy about the ways that her life might change after the birth of the baby. c. Remind Cathy that her parents love her very much. d. Explain to Cathy that she's very lucky because sisters grow up to become best friends.
A
During a well-child check-up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son's friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? A. "Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age." B. "The children will cheer for each other regardless of the sport being played." C. "The child's best friends will continue playing soccer." D. "Your child will rarely talk to you about his friends."
A
Jason's mother would prefer to use a time-out for punishment. What should the nurse teach Jason's mother or his daycare setting caregivers about the use of this technique? a. The child should sit still for as many minutes as his age. b. The child should sit still for as many minutes as he misbehaved. c. Time-out activities can include quiet play or reading books. d. Children are not ready for time-outs until school age.
A
Teaching safety is an important area to consider for school-age children. Which advice would be best? a. "Keep your backpack filled to capacity to avoid falling on frequent trips back to your locker." b. "As soon as you no longer need an automobile booster seat, you'll no longer need a seatbelt either." c. "Gaining weight isn't serious in the school-age years; it only becomes a real problem after age 18 years." d. "You're old enough to tell if you are sick or not; your mother's opinion isn't as important as when you were younger."
A
The nurse discovers that an infant's mother is propping a bottle at bedtime to help her fall asleep. Which patient teaching would the nurse provide this mother? A. This can promote tooth decay B. This can cause a facial rash C. The bottle could break, injuring the infant D. Calcium can be drained from the bones.
A
The nurse is discussing object permanence with Bryan's mother. Which action by her infant best illustrates that he understands object permanence? a. The child looks for the mother after she walks away. b. The child cries when either hungry or lonely. c. The child prefers a large yellow ball to a small red one. d. The child smiles when the mobile on the crib jingles.
A
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a parent to help promote healthy sleep for the 3-week-old newborn. Which recommended guideline will the nurse include in the teaching plan? A. Place the newborn on the back when sleeping during the day or night. B. Wrap the newborn in a blanket before placing in the crib for the night. C. Once sleeping through the night, continue to wake the infant up for night feedings. D. A stuffed animal may be placed in the crib for comfort once the newborn is 1 month old.
A
The nurse observes a toddler riding a tricycle and decides that the parents need additional safety education. What did the nurse observe? A. Toddler not wearing a helmet B. Toddler wearing long pants C. Toddler wearing tennis shoes D. Toddler wearing a helmet
A
The nurse working with adolescents understands which to be the most widely used drug among adolescents? A. Alcohol B. Heroin C. Cocaine D. Speed
A
What action shows an example of Erik Erikson's developmental task for the infant? A. The infant cries and the caregiver picks the child up. B. The infant cries when he or she has a wet diaper. C. The infant smiles as people walk past the crib. D. The infant plays the game peek-a-boo.
A
What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should produce each day? A. An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day. B. An infant should have 1 to 2 wet diapers/day. C. An infant should have 9 to 10 wet diapers/day. D. An infant should have 3 to 5 wet diapers/day.
A
Which is the best way for parents to aid a toddler in achieving the developmental task? A. Allow the toddler to make simple decisions B. Help the toddler learn to count C. Urge the toddler to dress oneself completely alone D. Give the toddler small household chores to do
A
A nurse is conducting a well-child visit with a 5-year-old child. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the child? SATA A. DTaP B. Inactivated poliovirus C. MMR D. Pneumococcal E. Hib
A, B, C
The elementary school teachers are in a class on bullying taught by the school nurse. The nurse encourages the teachers to look for common traits of bullies. What are these traits? SATA. A. permissive parents B. large physical size C. becomes angry at small issues D. poor school grades E. economically deprived
A, B, C
The nurse evaluates some of the anticipatory guidance that provided to Raul with the goal of fostering his sense of identity. The nurse identifies which statement as suggesting he is successfully working toward this goal? SATA a. "I'm debating whether I'd like to be a pilot or a race car driver." b. "I ask my parents at least once a week to let me do more things." c. "I handle money at my part-time job and it's sometimes tempting to take some of it." d. "I'm getting used to being so much taller than my younger sister."
A, B, C, D
A group of nursing students are preparing a presentation illustrating basic safety measures which can be utilized for infants. Which measures should the students prioritize in their presentation? SATA A. Car seats should be placed in back seats. B. A safe temperature for hot water heaters in households with infants is 120°F (48.9°C). C. Bottle should only be propped for infants 8 months or older. D. Crib and playpen bars should be no more than 2 3/8 inches apart. E. Only small pillows should be used in cribs.
A, B, D
During a routine health visit with the parents of a 2-year-old child, the parents share some changes they have noticed in their child the past few months that are of concern. This family is struggling to remodel their grandparents' older home. The nurse suspects lead poisoning when they hear the parents mention which symptoms? SATA A. The child seems to sleep and nap more throughout the day than usual. B. The child cries and starts rubbing the abdomen like it "hurts" sometimes. C. The child is constantly pulling on the ears. D. The child seems to be irritable more frequently. E. The child vomits at least 2 to 3 times/day.
A, B, D
The school nurse is providing school health screenings to 7- to 11-year-olds exhibiting behaviors in Piaget's stage of concrete operational thoughts. What behaviors are anticipated in normal development? SATA. A. Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes B. Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions C. Ability to think about a problem from all points of view, ranking the possible solutions while solving the problem D. Ability to think outside of the present and incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concepts that might exist E. Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations F. Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action
A, B, E, F
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following fine motor skills should the nurse expect the infant to perform? SATA A. Grasp a rattle by the handle B. Try building a two-block tower C. Use a crude pincer grasp D. Place objects into a container E Walks with one hand held.
A, C
A nurse is conducting a well-child visit with a child who is scheduled to receive the recommended immunizations for 11- to 12-year-olds. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse administer? SATA A. Trivalent inactivated influenza B. Pneumococcal C. Meningococcal D. Tdap E. Rotavirus
A, C, D
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for the parents of a toddler. Which topics are most appropriate at this time? SATA A. Development of problem-solving skills for use throughout the child's growth B. The need to remain steadfast in their approach to the child C. Importance of establishing realistic goals D. Need for developing good communication skills E. The toddler's waning need for developing independence
A, C, D
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the caregivers of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include? SATA A. Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries. B. Meeting caloric needs results in an increased appetite. C. Expression of bedtime fears is common D. Expect behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism. E. Annual screenings for phenylketonuria are important
A, C, D
The nurse is planning an educational seminar for community members that focuses on the 2020 National Health Goals to promote health during the infant year. What should the nurse include in this seminar? SATA. A. Continuing breast-feeding for 6 months B. Introducing solid food by age 6 months C. Using infant car seats D. Placing infants on back to sleep E. Receiving immunizations after the age of 1
A, C, D
A 12-year-old recently began smoking cigarettes. What patient teaching should the nurse provide at a health maintenance visit? A. Cigarette abuse invariably leads to other forms of drug abuse. B. Cigarette smoking is associated with long-term respiratory and cardiovascular effects. C. He or she will probably begin stealing to pay for cigarettes. D. At age 12 years, bone growth is severely retarded by the effect of nicotine.
B
A mother calls the pediatrician's office upset because her toddler has begun acting out now that the new baby is home. He wants to have a bottle like the newborn and has begun to have accidents in his pants. Which statement by the nurse would best address this problem? A. "Often, the first child is jealous of the new baby. Just ignore his acting out and he will stop." B. "Set aside time to spend one-on-one with your older child and make him understand that he is still loved and very special." C. "Offer to let him drink some formula in a cup. He will see that being a baby is not so much fun. " D. "You need to scold him for wetting his pants and have him change his underwear himself."
B
A mother reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old does everything that she does. She says she is becoming somewhat frustrated with these actions. What would be the best response by the nurse to this mother? A. "I can imagine that it would be very irritating." B. "Preschoolers' imitating is a healthy behavior. It is part of their imagination and normal growth and development." C. "I am sure there are ways to get your daughter to stop imitating you." D. "This is not normal behavior. I am going to get the doctor's advice."
B
A nurse is assessing a 2 1/2-year-old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Height increased by 7.5 cm (3 in) in the past year. B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference C. Anterior and posterior fontanels are closed D. Current weight equals four times the birth weight.
B
A nurse is caring for an adolescent whose guardian expresses concerns about the child sleeping such long hours. Which of the following conditions should the nurse inform the guardian as requiring additional sleep during adolescence? A. Sleep terrors B. Rapid growth C. Elevated zinc levels D. Slowed metabolism
B
A nurse is preparing an education program for a group of caregivers of preschool-age children about promoting optimum nutrition. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Saturated fats should equal 20% of total daily caloric intake. B. Average calorie intake should be 1,800 calories per day. C. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables should total 2 servings. D. Healthy diets include a total of 8 g protein each day.
B
A nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the guardians of a 4-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the caregiver introduce which of the following foods first? A. strained yellow vegetables B. Iron-fortified cereals C. Pureed fruits D. Whole milk
B
A nurse is providing teaching about dental care and teething to the caregiver of a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can give my baby a warm teething ring to relieve discomfort." B. "I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet washcloth." C. "I can give Advil for up to 5 days while my baby is teething." D. "I should place diluted juice in the bottle my baby drinks while falling asleep."
B
A parent is concerned because the toddler refuses to share. What is the nurse's best response to the parent regarding this concern? A. The toddler is probably reacting to some family crisis. B. This is normal toddler behavior; sharing is learned later. C. Behavior modification techniques can change the toddler's behavior. D. Play time with other toddlers should be cut back until your toddler learns to share.
B
A previously toilet trained 4 year old child has many episodes of urinary incontinence while in the hospital for a fractured femur. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement? A. Awaken the child every 2 hours through the night to try to use the bedpan B. Explain that children will usually quickly regain control over a previously mastered skill once home again C. Send a urine specimen for analysis D. Limit consumption of fluids between meals.
B
During an annual visit of a 6-year-old boy, the nurse observes dental caries on two of the child's primary teeth. Which response by the parents suggests more education is needed regarding the importance of primary teeth? A. "I guess we will need to supervise our son while he brushes." B. "These are only his baby teeth so we are not worried." C. "I guess we better look for a pediatric dentist for our son." D. "I see now we need to use a fluoride toothpaste for our child."
B
During the toddler years, the child attempts to become autonomous. Which statement by a 3-year-old toddler's caregiver indicates that the toddler is developing autonomy? A. "My toddler has temper tantrums when we go to the store." B. "My toddler uses the potty chair and is dry all day long." C. "When my toddler falls down, he or she always wants me to pick him or her up." D. "Every night my toddler follows the same routine at bedtime."
B
Many preschoolers have difficulty falling asleep or wake during the night with nightmares. To see if changes in the type of television watched could improve preschooler's sleep, researchers encouraged half of a group of families studied to replace television watching with quality educational and prosocial video content through use of an initial home visit and follow-up telephone calls over 6 months. Among the 565 children studied, the most common sleep problem was delayed sleep onset (38%). Results at the end of 18 months showed that children in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of any sleep problems (Garrison & Christakis, 2012). Based on the study, what is the best advice the nurse could give the Edwards family? a. Don't allow Cathy to watch television until she is 5 years of age. b. Encourage Cathy to watch specific DVDs that her parents choose for her. c. Discuss with Cathy that TV does not necessarily reflect reality. d. Allow her to only watch cartoons so she won't be seeing violence.
B
Raul is prescribed both a topical cream and oral tetracycline to treat his acne. The nurse identifies that he needs additional health information from which statements? a. "I know acne is not contagious even though all my friends seem to have it." b. "My girlfriend wants to borrow my tetracycline; I don't mind sharing it." c. "I know not to take hot showers as hot water can create new lesions." d. "I know not to eat chocolate because that always makes lesions worse."
B
Shelly tells the nurse she collected "a ton of candy on Halloween. Because of how common this phenomenon is, in consultation with a dental hygienist, you would teach children that what type of candy is less likely to cause dental caries? a. Salt water taffy b. A chocolate bar c. Chewy caramels d. Hard candy
B
The developmental task of the school-aged period, according to Erikson, is gaining a sense of: A. independence versus dependence. B. industry versus inferiority. C. identity versus failure. D. autonomy versus shame.
B
The maximum time-out duration is how many minutes for each year of age? A. 2 minutes B. 1 minute C. 30 seconds D. 90 seconds
B
The mother of a 6-year-old girl tells the nurse that she is very concerned that her daughter develops good self-esteem. Which nursing instruction is best? A. "Praise your daughter's accomplishments." B. "You need to provide guidance and celebrate successes." C. "Let her make more of her own decisions." D. "Listen when she talks about her concerns."
B
The nurse enters her client's room and finds the infant on a pillow with a bottle propped up while the mother is dressing. What statement should the nurse make? A. "Look how cute she is." B. "You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles." C. "Is she almost done feeding?" D. "Are you almost ready to be discharged?"
B
The nurse is assessing a 3 year old's language development. Approximately how many words would the nurse expect to find in the child's vocabulary? A. 300 B. 900 C. 600 D. 400
B
The nurse is conducting an educational session at a local community health fair illustrating the various reflexes which are normal in a newborn and how it changes as the infant grows and matures. The nurse determines more education is necessary after a member of the audience points out which finding as an expected occurrence? A. A positive Babinski reflex at 2 months of age B. An extrusion reflux at 9 months of age C. A Moro reflex at 3 months of age D. A plantar grasp reflex at 7 months of age
B
The nurse is identifying outcomes for care provided to a new mother whose infant continues to spit up after feedings. Which outcome would be the most appropriate? A. The baby will spit up a large amount of vomitus only after the last feeding of the day. B. The baby will have less episodes of spitting up after sitting upright after a feeding. C. The baby will have fewer episodes of spitting up when the type of formula is changed. D. The baby will have forceful episodes of vomitus only once a day.
B
The nurse is teaching safety to a group of adolescents. Which common cause of death among adolescents will the nurse include in the teaching? A. falls B. unintentional injuries C. diseases D. poisoning
B
The nurse learns that a friend's 4-month-old son rolled off a changing table. Which of the following would the nurse conclude from this? A. The parents are neglectful. B. The parents lacked knowledge of infant development C. The changing table was poorly build D. The infant was unusually advanced in development
B
The nurse provides patient education to Jason's father who had asked if it is normal for his 2-year-old son to spread his feet wide apart when he walks. Which of his statements suggests that he received accurate teaching? a. "Jason may be all right, but toddlers with dislocated hips also walk that way." b. "A wide-spaced gait is a common characteristic of toddlers." c. "Most toddlers walk with feet close together to better stabilize themselves." d. "His shoes may not have a good arch and this could be causing him to walk unsteadily."
B
The nurse realizes Raul is concerned about developing body odor and that he has consulted some websites that address this problem. The nurse recognizes a valid and reliable website would cite which aspect is true of body odor in adolescents? a. It is largely dependent on ethnicity and body type. b. It is caused by an increase in the activity of apocrine glands. c. Poor hygiene is the main cause of adolescent body odor. d. Body odor can result from clogged sebaceous glands.
B
Toddlers learn a great deal about oral communication in the course of their development. The nurse expects Jason, a 2-year-old, to have mastered which statement? a. "Red tomatoes." b. "Daddy come." c. "Old MacDonald." d. "Please, please."
B
Which behavior best demonstrates an example of Erikson's developmental task for the school age child? A. The child begins to mimic imaginary characters B. The child spends a rainy day putting together a puzzle of a large jungle animal. C. The child spends all day on a weekend going to the local mall with a group of friends. D. The child plays by himself even though there is a room full of children the same age.
B
Which patient education should the nurse provide a mother of a preschooler with broken fluency? A. Encourage the preschooler to recite in front of friends. B. Allow the preschooler to have time to talk C. Encourage the preschooler to speak slowly D. Stop the preschooler and tell him or her to start over
B
The nurse determines that a 20-month old is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which actions support this assessment? SATA A. The child imitates others' behaviors at a later time B. The child demonstrates egocentricity. C. The child has a limited concept of time. D. The child has an imaginary playmate E. The child understands instructions literally
B, C, D
The parents of a toddler ask the nurse about disciplining their 2-year-old toddler. What suggestions will the nurse provide? SATA A. "Avoid using physical punishment unless your toddler's behavior is really out of line." B. "Try using time-out, assigning 1 minute per year of your toddler's age." C. "If you allow an unwanted behavior one time at this age, it is difficult to reverse later." D. "It is better to praise correct behavior than to punish wrong behavior." E. "You need to wait until the toddler is old enough to understand the rules."
B, C, D
A nurse is conducting a well-baby visit with a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the infant? SATA A. MMR B. Polio C. Pneumococcal D. Varicella E. Rotavirus vaccine
B, C, E
The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. What are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? SATA. A. Around 3 to 6 months of age the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty-cake and peek-a-boo. B. Around 3 months the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. C. Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy. D. Around 5 months the infant may develop "stranger anxiety." E. Around 2 months the infant exhibits a first real smile. F. Around 3 months the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue.
B, C, E, F
A nurse is teaching a course about safety during the school-age. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the course? SATA A. Gating stairs at the top and bottom B. Wearing helmets when riding bicycles or skateboarding C. Riding safely in bed of pickup trucks D. Implementing firearm safety E. Wearing seat belts
B, D, E
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on an 18-month-old. Which of the following skills should the toddler be able to perform? SATA A. Build a tower with six blocks B. Throw a ball overhand C. Walk up and down stairs D. Stand on one foot for a few seconds E. Use a spoon without rotation
B, E
A 13-year-old girl has recently begun menstruating. She is active in sports at school. Increased intake of which of the following nutrients should the nurse recommend to the girl to prevent anemia associated with menstruation? A. Calcium B. Vitamin D C. Iron D. Zinc
C
A 3½-year-old child hits another child in prekindergarten and pushes her down. The mother calls the clinic to ask why her child is so aggressive and asks what to do. The nurse's advice would include which suggestion? A. Encourage the teachers to have the other children hit the child if the child hits them. B. Punish the preschooler for hurting the other child. C. Explain that aggression is a common behavior for a child this age but the child must understand that hurting someone is not acceptable. D. Recommend that the mother change schools with her child to provide a more pleasant environment.
C
A 4-year-old will not stop throwing sand at his sister. Which of the following punishments would be most effective with this child? A. Send him to his room for 15 minutes. B. Restrict television viewing for a day. C. Sit him in "time-out" for 4 minutes. D. Spank him on his bottom
C
A mother is concerned that a school-age child will pick up the habit of smoking because so many children in the school smoke. What should the nurse instruct the mother about this behavior? A. Remind the child that smoking costs money. B. Discuss other tobacco choices that can be used instead. C. Be a role model and do not smoke. D. Explain that the child can experiment with smoking when older.
C
A nurse is caring for a preschool-age child who expresses the need to leave because their doll is scared to be at home alone. Which of the following characteristics of preoperational thought is the child exhibiting? A. Egocentrism B. Centration C. Animism D. Magical thinking
C
A nurse is discussing prepubescence and preadolescence with a group of guardians of school-age children. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion? A. Initial physiologic changes appear during early childhood. B. Changes in height and weight occur slowly during this period. C. Growth differences between boys and girls become evident. D. Sexual maturation becomes highly visible in boys.
C
A nurse is teaching a class about puberty in boys. Which of the following should the nurse include as the first manifestation of sexual maturation? A. Pubic hair growth B. Vocal changes C. Testicular enlargement D. Facial hair growth
C
A nurse notices that a 4-month-old infant has an asymmetric head, with the back of the skull flattened. Which of the following should she recommend to the parents to correct this condition? A. Consult a pediatric surgeon about surgically reshaping the skull B. Increase the infant's sleep time each day C. Place the infant on her stomach during play time each day D. Place the infant on her stomach to sleep each night
C
A school-age child has demonstrated the ability to recognize several aspects of a problem at the same time and to understand cause and effect. The nurse should document the presence of which concept? A. Reversibility B. Conservation C. Decentration D. Classification
C
Bryan is 2 months old, and the nurse is collaborating with the occupational therapist in his care. When planning care, the nurse identifies that John should sit securely at what age? a. 2.5 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 12 months
C
Cathy keeps her entire family awake at night because she is so afraid of the dark. The nurse teaches Cathy's parent to take which action to help overcome this fear? a. Assure Cathy the room's window is locked so no one can kidnap her. b. Suggest Cathy temporarily sleep in the living room in front of the television set for safety. c. Buy a night-light for Cathy's room and inspect the room to be certain it appears safe. d. Teach Cathy that her fear is not grounded in reality.
C
Cathy, who is 3 years old, constantly asks questions. When teaching her father about communication skills in children of this age, the nurse should state that a child of Cathy's age typically asks how many questions in a day? a. Around 50 b. 100 to 200 c. 300 to 400 d. 600 or more
C
During a well-child visit, an 11-year-old girl states to the nurse that she looks different from her friends who are wearing bras. What is an appropriate response? A. "Remember the methods you have been taught to manage peer pressure." B. "It is common for girls your age to worry about being different." C. "It is normal for there to be differences in the time and rate girls your age develop." D. "You are doing well in school. Be happy with this success."
C
In conducting a health assessment of a 6-year-old girl, the nurse wants to determine if the parents have any concerns about her development. How can the nurse best elicit their concerns? A. "Do you have any questions regarding your daughter today?" B. "Is your daughter brushing her teeth and dressing herself?" C. "How do you feel about your daughter's overall development?" D. "Is your daughter having any problems you want to discuss?"
C
It has long been theorized there may be a "gateway" drug or one that, when used first, leads to further and more dangerous substance use disorders. To determine whether alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana was the gateway drug, researchers obtained information on the drug use of a nationally representative sample of high school seniors. Results of the study showed alcohol was the gateway drug, leading to tobacco, marijuana, and then other illicit substances (Barry, King, Sears, et al., 2016). Based on the previous study, which statement by Raul would give you the most concern? a. "Some of my friends got hammered last weekend but I decided not to stick around." b. "Some of my friends use weed; they tell me it really helps them relax." c. "My parents said I could celebrate my next birthday by drinking my first beer." d. "My mother eats some kind of chocolate almost every day. Is that hereditary?"
C
Jason replies to every request by his mother with, "No!" His mother admits that she is exasperated and embarrassed by this, and she states that she is desperate to change this behavior. How can the nurse best meet the mother's expressed learning needs? a. Have her tell Jason she doesn't want him to say no anymore. b. Instruct her to answer all Jason's questions by saying, "No!" c. Encourage her to reduce the number of questions she asks Jason. d. Tell her to explain he is not using good communication skills.
C
On physical examination, the nurse discovers that a 6-year-old child's palatine tonsils are somewhat enlarged in the back of the throat. What would be the nurse's best action? A. Take the child's temperature; this must be tonsillitis. B. Suggest the health care provider examine the child for breathing difficulty. C. Record this as a normal finding in an early school-age child. D. Give the child something for pain.
C
Raul is depressed because his girlfriend broke up with him. Which of his statements could be interpreted as stalking? a. "I keep her photo on my bedside stand so I can kiss her goodnight." b. "We take the same route to school every day so I often still see her." c. "I e-mail her every night to tell her what a huge mistake she's made." d. "I took down her photo from Facebook but wish I could put it back."
C
Shelly belonged to a series of clubs when she was 9 years old. How would the school nurse describe the typical characteristic of a 9-year-old's club to the nursing student? a. Clubs have formal rules and regulations. b. Clubs are designed to help shy children get outside of their "comfort zone." c. Clubs invariably exclude one or more children. d. Clubs always include both boys and girls.
C
The mother of a 2-year-old boy asks the nurse about when she should begin toilet training. The nurse questions the mother about the boy's readiness. Which of the following statements by the mother would indicate that the child is ready? A. "He moves his bowels at all different times." B. "He has trouble pulling his pants up and down." C. "He often pulls at his diaper right before a bowel movement." D. "His diaper usually stays dry for about an hour or less."
C
The mother of a toddler observes the child play next to another child but not with the child. What should the nurse explain to the mother about this type of play behavior? A. This is peer play and is abnormal. B. This is adjacent play and is only seen in school-age children. C. This is parallel play and is expected. D. This is premature play and should be stopped.
C
The nurse is assessing an 6-month-old infant at a well-baby visit and is answering questions from the new mother. Which response should the nurse prioritize when addressing the mother's question concerning what the infant should be learning at this point in life? A. Feel anger B. Love C. Trust D. Fear
C
The nurse is drafting an educational handout for parents of preschoolers that addresses the topic of sex education. What guideline should be included in this educational material? a. Tell your child that you will explain these matters when they are old enough to start kindergarten. b. Emphasize the fact that sexual intercourse between adults must always be consensual. c. Describe some of the differences between boys and girls in clear and accurate terms. d. Distract your child from questions about sexuality for as long as possible.
C
The parents of a 2-year-old child are concerned because their child's back seems curved. Which is the nurse's best response? A. The child needs to be screened for scoliosis. B. The child needs referral for a spine radiograph. C. This is normal for this age D. The nurse should perform a full neurologic assessment
C
The school-age period is the time when many young people begin smoking. To design interventions that are effective and patient-centered, the nurse should begin by acknowledging which of the following? a. Most children who try smoking do not like it. b. The media have occasionally exaggerated the risks of smoking. c. Many people view smoking as being an "adult" activity. d. Children under puberty cannot become addicted to smoking.
C
What advice should the nurse provide the parent of a toddler, regarding how to handle temper tantrums? A. Mimic the toddler's behavior by also holding the breath B. Promise the toddler a special activity if the toddler will stop C. Appear to ignore the toddler D. Distract the toddler with a toy when the toddler begins holding the breath
C
What should the nurse instruct a parent to help a child complete Erikson's developmental task during the infant period? A. Expose the child to many caregivers to help learn variability. B. Keep the child stimulated with many toys. C. Respond to the child's needs consistently. D. Talk to the child at a special time each day.
C
When assessing a toddler's language development, what is the standard against which you measure language in a 2-year-old toddler? A. The toddler should say two words plus "ma-ma" and "da-da." B. The toddler should be able to count out loud to 20. C. The toddler should speak in two-word sentences ("Me go"). D. The toddler should say 20 nouns and 4 pronouns.
C
A 10-year-old becomes very upset and expresses sympathy for his friend whose dog has just died. This kind of reaction is an indication that he has achieved which step in cognitive thought? A. Conservation B. Accommodation C. Comprehension D. Decentering
D
A group of students is reviewing material about ways parents can help to foster a child's self-esteem. The students demonstrate a need for additional studying when they identify which method as promoting self-esteem? A. Showing respect and support to the child B. Acting as a coach rather than a cheerleader C. Using positive reinforcement while limiting criticism D. Limiting the choices and decisions that the child makes
D
A nurse is providing teaching to the guardian of a preschool-age child about methods to promote sleep. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will sleep in the bed with my child if she wakes up during the night." B. "I will let my child stay up an additional 2 hours on weekend nights." C. "I will let my child watch tv for 30 minutes just before bedtime each night." D. "I will keep a dim lamp on in my child's room during the night."
D
According to Erikson, a sense of industry or accomplishment is the developmental task of the school-age period. When planning care, what would be the best activity to introduce to Shelly to help her achieve this? a. Encourage her to establish a new club. b. Suggest she begin a diary in which she records her secret thoughts. c. Help her with spelling so over a year's time she becomes an expert at this. d. Locate small projects she could complete in 1 day and feel rewarded.
D
According to Piaget, when the child transitions from sensorimotor schemes to mental operation, this form of play is known as which of the following? A. Onlooker play B. Parallel play C. Solitary play D. Symbolic play
D
As television sets become larger and thinner, viewing becomes easier. To investigate if television sets can also be a threat to young children, researchers reviewed a Canadian trauma database over a 15-year period as to how many emergency room visits were caused by a television set falling onto a young child. They identified a total of 179 injuries (20 to 24 per year). Toddlers were the most frequently injured age group, and head and neck injuries were the most common consequences of a television pulled down onto a young child (Mills, Grushka, & Butterworth, 2012). Based on the study and the AAP recommendations on television viewing, the nurse advises Jason's parents to take which action? a. Encourage Jason to watch television in his room where the television set is smaller. b. Teach Jason to always watch television from a distance of no less than 12 feet. c. Teach Jason to use the remote control so he can watch television safely by himself. d. Allow Jason to watch television only when a parent is free to supervise his actions.
D
At the conclusion of a long conversation, Raul admits he has experimented with cocaine. Which assessment finding would most strongly warrant a referral to addiction services? a. Raul has frown lines in his forehead. b. Raul has thin, fissured lips. c. Raul's eyebrows appear thin. d. Raul lacks nasal hair.
D
Cathy's father, a police detective, says that he and his wife wish to take measures to prevent Cathy from being kidnapped. What action should the nurse recommend to this family? a. Limit playdates to Cathy's own home. b. Withdraw Cathy from daycare to limit her exposure to other adults. c. Describe common kidnapping culprits the father knows. d. Be certain Cathy understands not to leave daycare with anyone but her parents.
D
During an examination, an adolescent client tells the nurse about being anxious and frustrated because of the facial acne. Which nursing response is appropriate? A. "I will tell your primary health care provider about your acne." B. "Most people get acne during adolescence. It will go away as you get older." C. "Consuming fried foods and chocolate can cause acne to develop." D. "This is one of the most common physical changes during adolescence."
D
Jason's grandmother often visits the family. When she does, she brings a number of medications with her. The nurse teaches the family to follow which precautions about unintentional poisoning? a. Advise the grandmother to keep her medicine in her purse and stress that no one should open her purse but her. b. Show Jason his grandmother's pills and emphasize that he is not permitted to touch them. c. Assure the grandmother that as long as her vials of medicine have childproof caps, there is no danger. d. Buy the grandmother a medicine case that locks and place it on a high shelf when she visits.
D
Scalding injuries occur in infants when caretakers spill hot beverages while holding them in their lap or, toward the end of the first year, the infant is able to pull a pan of hot liquid off the stove. To confirm the incidence of this type of injury, researchers studied the admission records of an urban pediatric emergency department in Ireland. Of 280 children seen for burns, 161 (57%) were scalds. Of these, 79% occurred in children under 5 years of age, 65% were caused by hot beverages, 16% were caused by hot water, and 16% by hot food. The areas of children most affected were upper limbs and upper trunks. The researchers concluded that more parent education as to the danger of scalding is needed to reduce the number of these very painful injuries in young children (Yates, McKay, & Nicholson, 2011). Based on the study, the nurse is most concerned about which remark by Bryan's mother? a. "I never drive without a cup of coffee in my cup holder." b. "I'm going to switch to drinking tea to reduce my caffeine intake." c. "I drank coffee during Bryan's pregnancy; it's why he's so high strung." d. "I'm a coffee addict; I always have a fresh cup in my hand."
D
Shelly has told the nurse she wants to try out for cheerleading when she gets to high school. This is a sport appealing to school-age children and adolescents because of its combinations of dance and gymnastics, the friendships that can develop, and the school status it almost automatically creates. To investigate what type of injuries typically occur with cheerleading, researchers reviewed all cheerleading injuries (over 4,000) presented to U.S. emergency departments during a 5-year period. The types of injuries most often seen were sprains/strains (44%), fractures (16%), and contusions (16%). The activities resulting in the most injuries were body collisions (29%), stunting (19%), tumbling (11%), and tossing (2.5%) (Currie, Fields, Patterson, et al., 2016). Based on the study, how would the nurse best advise Shelly? a. Cheerleading will be good for her because she is likely to lose weight from the exercise. b. She will need to drink an extra source of calcium every day to avoid broken bones. c. She should pursue a sport or activity that is safer. d. She should be aware that cheerleading may be beneficial to her but does carry some risks.
D
The Boy Scouts is an organization that continues to be a favorite with school-aged boys because: A. fathers participate in Boy Scouts. B. no girls are included in the organization. C. hiking is a favorite school-aged activity. D. merit badges require completing small tasks for rewards.
D
The nurse reviews infant safety with Bryan's mother. It is most important to teach his mother about preventing which common injuries among infants? a. Drowning and hypersensitivities b. Poisoning and suffocation c. Auto accidents and burns d. Aspiration and falls
D
The school-age child develops the ability to recognize that if a block of clay is in a round ball and then is flattened, the shape changes but not the amount of clay. What understanding has this child developed? A. classification B. reversibility C. decentration D. conservation
D
What is the best nutritional supplement for an infant who is 4 months old? A. Iron-fortified formula is the best supplement for this child. B. Soy milk is the best supplement for this child. C. Rice cereal is the best supplement for this child. D. Human milk is the best supplement for this child.
D
When planning care for an infant who has unique needs, the nurse best promotes the parents' psychosocial well-being by which means? a. Lowering the family's expectations around their infant's skills b. Clearly describing the etiology of the infant's development deficits c. Encouraging the family to have more children d. Emphasizing what the infant can do more than what he or she cannot do
D
Which assessment findings if noted in a 4-month-old infant would the nurse recognize as normal growth and development? A. rolls over, grasp reflex fading, cooing sound B. uses palmer grasp, starts to make vowel sounds, reaches out C. follows object past midline with eyes, keeps hands fisted, rolls over D. holds head up when prone, bears partial weight on legs, reflexes are fading
D
While evaluating the development of a 10-month-old boy, a nurse hides the boy's stuffed animal behind her back. The boy crawls around the examination table to look behind the nurse's back for the stuffed animal. Which developmental phenomena has this infant demonstrated? A. Depth perception B. Hand regard C. Binocular vision D. Object permanence
D