Peds Growth and Development
By what age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? 6 months 8 months 11 to 12 months 14 to 15 months
11 to 12 months
Kimberly's parents have been using a rearward-facing convertible car seat since she was born. Most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child weighs how many pounds? 10 20 30 40
20
At what age do most infants begin to fear strangers? 2 months 4 months 6 months 12 months
6 months
A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement?a. This is normal behavior for his age.b. This is unusual behavior for his age.c. He is not effectively coping with stress.d. He is showing he needs more attention.
A
Teasing can be common during the school-age years. The nurse should recognize that which applies to teasing?a. Can have a lasting effect on childrenb. Is not a significant threat to self-conceptc. Is rarely based on anything that is concreted. Is usually ignored by the child who is being teased
A
Which of the following behaviors indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? Recognizes familiar face, such as mother Recognizes familiar object, such as bottle Actively searches for a hidden object Secures objects by pulling on a string
Actively searches for a hidden object
In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which?a.Think abstractly.b.Use magical thinking.c.Understand conservation of matter.d.Understand another person's perspective.
B
Parents tell the nurse that they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. Which is the most appropriate recommendation the nurse should make?a. Punish children so this behavior stops. b. Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity.c. Allow children unrestricted permission to satisfy this curiosity.d. Get counseling for this unusual and dangerous behavior.
B
The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is: a.front facing in back seat. b.rear facing in back seat. c.front facing in front seat with airbag on passenger side d.rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.
B
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy. His parents tell the nurse they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When he asks the nurse when his parents are coming, what would the nurse's best response be?a."They will be here soon."b."They will come after dinner."c."Let me show you on the clock when 6 PM is."d."I will tell you every time I see you how much longer it will be
B
Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive.b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them.d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.
B
What information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy? a.Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months, when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear. b.Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days. c.Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant. d.Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.
B
What is normally the earliest age at which an infant begins teething with eruption of lower central incisors? a.4 months b.6 months c.8 months d.12 months
B
What is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet? a.2 to 3 months b.4 to 6 months c.When birth weight has tripled d.When tooth eruption has started
B
When teaching injury prevention during the school-age years, what should the nurse include?a. Teach children to fear strangers.b. Teach basic rules of water safety.c. Avoid letting child cook in microwave ovens.d. Caution child against engaging in competitive sports.
B
Which predisposes the adolescent to feel an increased need for sleep?a. An inadequate dietb. Rapid physical growthc. Decreased activity that contributes to a feeling of fatigued. The lack of ambition typical of this age group
B
Which of the following would the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child? Jump rope Ride a two-wheel bicycle Skip on alternate feet Balance on one foot for a few seconds
Balance on one foot for a few seconds
Which of the following aspects of cognition develops during adolescence? Becomes capable of using a future time perspective Ability to place things in a sensible and logical order Ability to see things from the point of view of another Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason
Becomes capable of using future time perspective
A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given: a.skim milk. b.whole cow's milk. c.commercial iron-fortified formula. d.commercial formula without iron.
C
Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?a. Her cognitive development is delayed.b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed.c. This is typical behavior because of the inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain.
C
At about what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle? a. 1 month b. 2 months c.3 months d.4 months
C
At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? a.6 months b.9 months c.12 months d.18 months
C
The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task?a. Trustb. Initiativec. Autonomyd. Intimacy
C
A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively?a. Trustb. Preoperationalc. Secondary circular reactiond. Tertiary circular reaction
D
By what age does a nurse expect most children to obey directions using prepositional phrases such as "under," "on top of," "beside," and "in back of"?a. 18 monthsb. 24 monthsc. 3 yearsd. 4 years
D
The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurse's reply should be based on which of the following? a.Child is too young to digest hot dogs. b.Child is too young to eat hot dogs safely. c.Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration. d.Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.
D
The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic?a. Development of a conscienceb. Recognition of sex differencesc. Ability to get along with age-matesd. Ability to delay gratification
D
The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the fifth grade. The nurse should recognize that:a. children in fifth grade are too young for sex education.b. children should be discouraged from asking too many questions.c. correct terminology should be reserved for children who are older.d. sex can be presented as a normal part of growth and development.
D
What characteristic best describes the language skills of a 3-year-old child?a.Asks meanings of wordsb.Follows directional commandsc.Can describe an object according to its compositiond.Talks incessantly regardless of whether anyone is listening
D
What is the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children?a. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex rolesb. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostilityc. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer timed. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents
D
Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?a. Skipsb. Rides tricyclec. Broad jumpsd. Walks up and down stairs
D
The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. The nurse's rationale for this action is which of the following? They are low in nutritive value. They are very high in sodium. They cannot be entirely digested. They can be easily aspirated.
Easily aspirated
According to Piaget, the adolescent is in the fourth stage of cognitive development or period of what? Formal operations Concrete operations Conventional thought Postconventional thought
Formal Operations
Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." Which of the following should the nurse recommend? Give her planned, frequent, and nutritious snacks. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.
Give her planned, frequent, and nutritious snacks.
What information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. Place cradle gym across crib to facilitate fine motor skills. Provide child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills. Provide stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.
Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
Which of the following describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? Have developed the ability to reason abstractly Become capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic Progress from making judgments based on what they reason to making judgments based on what they see Have the ability to classify, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept
Have the ability to classify, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept
According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing which of the following? Intimacy Identity Initiative Independence
Identity
Forty percent of all teen deaths are a result of which of the following types of accident? Drownings Firearms Drug overdoses Motor vehicles
MVA
Which of the following is characteristic of development of a 2 1/2-year-old child? Birth weight has doubled Primary dentition is complete Anterior fontanel is open Binocularity may be established
Primary Dentition is complete
In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? Roll from abdomen to back Roll from back to abdomen Sit erect without support Move from prone to sitting position
Roll from abdomen to back
According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what stage of the sensorimotor phase? Use of reflexes Primary circular reactions Secondary circular reactions Coordination of secondary schemata
Secondary Circular reactions
Which one of the following dysfunctional speech patterns is a normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool-age child? Lisp Stammering Echolalia Repetition without meaning
Stammering
In girls, the initial indication of puberty is which of the following? Menarche Growth spurt Growth of pubic hair The appearance of breast buds
The appearance of breast buds
According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief that: events have cause and effect. God is like an imaginary friend. thoughts are all-powerful. if the skin is broken, the child's insides will come out
Thoughts are all powerful
In the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks. The nurse should recognize which of the following in this situation? Blocks at this age are used primarily for throwing. Toddlers are too young to imitate the behavior of others. Toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks. Toddlers are too young to build a tower of blocks.
Toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks.
Developmentally, most children at age 12 months: use a spoon adeptly. relinquish the bottle voluntarily. eat the same food as the rest of the family. reject all solid food in preference to the bottle.
eat the same food as the rest of the family.
Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks' gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a "more difficult" baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that: infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics. infants become less difficult if they are not kept on scheduled feedings and structured routines. Sara's behavior is suggestive of failure to bond completely with her parents. Sara's difficult temperament is the result of painful experiences in the neonatal period.
infants' temperaments are part of their unique characteristics.
A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks' gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as: normal development. significant developmental lag. slightly delayed development due to prematurity. suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy.
normal development
The most effective way to clean a toddler's teeth is for the: child to brush regularly with a toothpaste of his or her choice. parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other. parent to brush the mandibular occlusive surfaces, leaving the rest for the child. parent to brush the front labial surfaces, leaving the rest for the child.
parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other.
An adolescent boy tells the nurse that he has recently had homosexual feelings. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that: this indicates the adolescent is homosexual. this indicates the adolescent will become homosexual as an adult. the adolescent should be referred for psychotherapy. the nurse should give the boy permission to share his feelings.
the nurse should give the boy permission to share his feelings.
