Penn State Master Gardener - Quizzes (Combined)

Release water through stomata

Roots have all the following functions except? (p.21)

d) Both a and b

Sanitation is a cultural method of disease control and includes: a) Roguing b) Burning plant debris c) Heat treatment of bulbs d) Both a and b (p.199)

c) Mollusca

Snails and slugs do not have segments or jointed, paired legs; consequently, they are not arthropoda. What is their phylum? a) Nematoda b) Platyheminthes c) Mollusca d) Achelminthes (p.150)

c) When grass is growing vigorously

Soil compaction is best corrected by aerating: a) In the summer b) With solid tine spikes c) When grass is growing vigorously d) With spiked shoes (p.330)

d) Every 1-3 years

Soil in the vegetable garden should be deep, friable, well drained, high in organic matter, and slightly acidic. How often should the soil be tested? a) Semi-annually b) Once every 10 years c) Only if plants are not doing well (p.238)

a) Mineral

Soils that contain less than 20 percent (by weight) organic material are: a) Mineral b) Bog or muck c) Organic d) Sedentary (p.81)

c) Arachnida

Spiders, mites, and ticks have jointed legs, but are not Insecta. What is their class? a) Chilopoda b) Malacostraca c) Arachnida d) Diploda (p.150)

a) Pre-emergence herbicides

Summer annual grass weeds, such as crab grass, are usually controlled with: a) Pre-emergence herbicides b) Selective post-emergence herbicides c) Corn gluten d) Glyphosate (p.335)

a) Dead areas on leaves, usually along leaf margins and veins

Symptoms of anthracnose include: a) Dead areas on leaves, usually along leaf margins and veins b) Localized areas of dead bark and underlying wood on twigs, branches, and trunks c) Root tips that are brown and dead d) A dry, powdery, reddish-orange substance on leaves (p.188)

b) Interveinal chlorosis primarily on young tissue

Symptoms of iron deficiency are indicated by: a) Shortening of internodes b) Interveinal chlorosis primarily on young tissue c) General chlorosis of the older leaves d) Limp stems and petioles (p.91)

c) More toxic, riskier, and higher cost than cultural and mechanical practices

Synthetic pesticides top the IPM pyramid. This location indicates they are: a) The intervention method of first choice b) Less toxic, safer, and lower cost than biorational pesticides c) More toxic, riskier, and higher cost than cultural and mechanical practices d) Considered a good preventative measure (p.128)

Have less life experience on which to ground new knowledge

Teaching children is different from teaching adults because children _____. (p.3)

a) Optimal growth during periods of highest temperature

The appealing aspect of Zoysiagrass is: a) Optimal growth during periods of highest temperature b) Attractive green color even in periods of dormancy c) Quick coverage when grown from seed d) Thatch-free rhizomatous spreading habit (p.317)

d) Both a and c

The benefits of turning over and incorporating a winter cover crop into the soil are: a) Improving soil tilth and porosity b) Preventing erosion c) Adding valuable nutrients d) Both a and c (p.269)

b) Subordinate one of the co-dominant branches

The best management practice for handling large co-dominant branches is: a) Complete removal of one of the co-dominant branches b) Subordinate one of the co-dominant branches c) Subordinate both co-dominant branches d) Keep both co-dominant branches intact (p.352)

c) Fall

The best time of the year for a soil test is: a) Spring b) Summer c) Fall d) Winter (p.105)

b) Early spring

The best time to prune most evergreens, with the exception of pines is: a) Mid-summer b) Early spring c) Late fall d) Early winter (p.357)

b) When the plants are about one-third their anticipated mature size.

The best time to stake plants is: a) Before the plants emerge from the ground b) When the plants are about one-third their anticipated mature size. c) When the plants reach full size d) When the seed pods form (p.553)

c) Mixed deciduous forests

The black cherry and eastern redbud are typically found in: a) Dry Meadows b) Mixed coniferous forests c) Mixed deciduous forests d) Serpentine barrens (p.591)

d) All of the above

The brown marmorated stink bug: a) Was first sighted in the U.S. in 1996 b) Is an agricultural pest c) Lays light green egg clusters under leaves d) All of the above (p.673)

d) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

The classification: Animal, Arthropoda, Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae, Musca domestica identifies the common house fly. What are the titles, starting at the most inclusive, of each of the hierarchical classifications? a) Kingdom, Order, Class, Family, Phylum, Species, Genus b) Kingdom, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Genus, Species c) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species, Genus d) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (p.151)

Hands on demonstrations and interactions

The deepest learning experiences come from _____. (p.4)

b) 140ºF

The desirable compost pile temperature for killing weed seeds and efficiently producing compost is: a) 98.6ºF b) 140ºF c) 175ºF d) 100ºC (p.115)

d) All of the above

The disadvantage of using the commercial wildflower seed mixtures is: a) They contain a large percentage of annuals. b) They are not necessarily native to a specific region. c) The seeds are not adapted to local conditions. d) All of the above (p.599)

a) Identify the pest to be managed

The first step in IPM is to: a) Identify the pest to be managed b) Inventory possible pesticides c) Identify the beneficial insects d) Develop a strategy to control pests (p.128)

Pnuematophore

The following are aboveground, modified stems except which: a) Crown b) Spur c) Stolon d) Pnuematophore (p.23)

d) Both a and b

The growth and development of artillery fungus is reduced by: a) Avoiding high wood based mulches b) Mixing wood mulch with compost c) Using double-shredded mulch d) Both a and b (p.516)

b) Auxin

The hormone found in the terminal bud of plants that suppresses lateral growth is: a) Cytokinin b) Auxin c) Abscisic acid d) Gibberellin (p.346)

c) Late summer/ early fall

The ideal time to seed a lawn is: a) Early spring b) Late spring/early summer c) Late summer/ early fall d) Late fall (p.321)

d) Biological

The inoculation of a pathogen into the stems of the tree-of-heaven to kill targeted tree stands is part of which category of IVM control? a) Mechanical b) Cultural c) Chemical d) Biological (p.652)

d) Accurate insect identification

The keystone of any effective insect management plan is: a) Species-selective insecticides b) Wide spectrum insecticides c) Understanding botanical-entomological interactions d) Accurate insect identification (p.162)

Farms, Trades, and Business

The land-grant institutions were established in response to the need to educate people seeking vocations in ______. (p.xix)

c) Downy mildew

The leaves on an impatiens are yellow and starting to drop. Other leaves on the plant have yellow spots on the upper surface. On their undersides, there is a fuzzy white growth. These are symptoms of: a) Anthracnose b) Leaf spot c) Downy mildew d) Powdery mildew (p.566)

b) 3' x 3' x 3'

The minimum dimensions needed to achieve heat in a compost pile are: a) There is no minimum. b) 3' x 3' x 3' c) 5' x 5' x 5' d) 12' x 12' x 12' (p.116)

d) Chinch bugs

The most common leaf feeders in turfgrass in Pennsylvania are: a) Sod webworm b) Billbugs c) Japanese beetles d) Chinch bugs (p.339)

b) Flowering and fruiting

The most critical times for watering tomatoes and eggplants is during: a) Bud development b) Flowering and fruiting c) Seedling development d) Late evening and early morning (p.249)

c) Observing and monitoring

The most effective and important practice in IPM is: a) Mulching b) Periodic watering c) Observing and monitoring d) Applying species-specific pesticides (p.177)

d) Fertilization

The most important management practice to improve turfgrass quality is: a) Aeration b) Dethatching c) Pre-emergent herbicide application d) Fertilization (p.323)

a) Adding organic matter to the soil

The need for water can be reduced by: a) Adding organic matter to the soil b) Increasing the space between plants c) Adding coarse sand to the soil d) Removing mulch (p.247)

Root hair

The part of a root that absorbs water and minerals is the: (p.21)

Radicle

The part of a seed that develops into the root of the new plant is the: a) Plumule b) Radicle c) Hypocotyl d) Cotyledon (p.39)

Anther

The pistil or female portion of a flower consists of all except: a) Stigma b) Style c) Ovary d) Anther (p.32)

b) One to two feet wider than the diameter of the root ball

The planting hole for a B&B tree should be: a) Deep enough to cover the root flare b) One to two feet wider than the diameter of the root ball c) Backfilled with organic matter d) All of the above (p.507)

c) White grubs

The primary root feeders in turfgrass in Pennsylvania are: a) Chinch bugs b) Billbugs c) White grubs d) Scarab beetles (p.336)

d) Hand pruner

The primary tool used for cutting woody stems that are less than 1" in diameter is: a) Lopper b) Hand saw c) Floral shears d) Hand pruner (p.367)

Xylem

The principle tissue that moves water and minerals from roots to shoots is the: (p.23)

a) Collect samples from ten random areas.

The procedure for collecting a soil sample from a vegetable garden is: a) Collect samples from ten random areas. b) Collect a sample where each type of vegetable will be planted. c) Collect to a depth of 15 inches in order to include subsoil. d) Collect samples only in the early morning or near dusk. (p.105)

d) 5-10 hours of direct sun

Vegetables grown for their fruits generally need: a) Partial shade b) 3 hours of morning sun c) 2-3 hours of direct sun d) 5-10 hours of direct sun (p.262)

d) All of the above

The product Preen can contain the herbicide: a) Trifluralin b) Glyphosate c) 2,4-D d) All of the above (p.621)

a) Seed bank

The quantity of dormant seeds in the soil changes from year to year. What is this collection of seeds called? a) Seed bank b) Seed reservoir c) Seed supply d) Seed accumulation (p.612)

c) Inverted V

The recommended shape for pruning formal hedges is: a) V-shaped b) Rounded c) Inverted V d) Rectangular (p.363)

d) Root and fruit production

The significant contribution of potassium to plants is all the following except: a) Cold hardiness b) Disease resistance c) General durability d) Root and fruit production (p.103)

a) Fertilizer

Vermicomposting results in a product that is best used as a/an: a) Fertilizer b) Lure for earthworms in the garden c) Inoculant for a compost pile d) Potting soil (p.124)

d) All of the above

Viral diseases can be transferred from plant to plant by: a) Vegetative propagation b) Mites, nematodes, and thrips c) Hands and tools d) All of the above (p.188)

d) Pupa

The stages of complete metamorphosis are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In which stage does the insect develop antenna and wings? a) Adult b) Egg c) Larva d) Pupa (p.160)

d) All of the above plus viral, bacterial, or fungal life forms

The terms, invasive species, alien species, and exotics refer to: a) Vertebrates b) Invertebrates c) Plants d) All of the above plus viral, bacterial, or fungal life forms (p.642)

d) Reduce pesticide usage

The ultimate goal of IPM is to: a) Exterminate insects cost effectively b) Reduce insect populations in general c) Identify and eliminate insect attractants d) Reduce pesticide usage (p.174)

Leaves, roots, shoots, and stems

The vegetative parts of a plant include: (p.21)

Cultivar

The words in single quotations in Cornus florida 'Cherokee Chief' refer to the: (p.20)

d) Both a and c

There are thirteen species on Pennsylvania's regulatory list of noxious weeds. This listing specifically prohibits which activities? a) Transport and sale b) Use as a foodstuff or medicinal c) Propagation d) Both a and c (p.665)

b) 15%

Thousands of species are introduced into the USA each year. What percentage become invasive species? a) 10% b) 15% c) 20% d) 25% (p.644)

Complete 10 hours of continuing education and 20 hours volunteer time per year.

To maintain the title "Certified Master Gardener," volunteers must _____. (p.xiii)

c) Agricultural limestone

To raise a low pH, add appropriate amounts of: a) Aluminum sulfate or elemental sulfur b) 10-10-10 fertilizer c) Agricultural limestone d) Peat moss (p.94)

a) Garden phlox: Phlox paniculata

"A plant that has evolved in a given space over a period of time sufficient to develop complex and essential relationships with the physical environment and other organisms in a given ecological community" is a definition of native plants. Which plant is native to Pennsylvania? a) Garden phlox: Phlox paniculata b) Astilbe: Astilbe chinensis c) Andromeda: Pieris japonica d) Kousa dogwood: Cornus kousa (p.587)

a) Obligate parasites and nematodes

"Closed season" and dry fallow are effective against: a) Obligate parasites and nematodes b) Verticillium or Fusarium c) Powdery mildew d) Botrytis (p.199)

a) A flush of water sprout growth

"Topping" or "rounding over" trees results in: a) A flush of water sprout growth b) An extended period of size reduction c) Increased air circulation in the crown of the tree d) Improved light penetration (p.344)

c) Slow release

"WIN" on a fertilizer label indicates that the nitrogen form is: a) Fast-acting b) Certified organic c) Slow release d) Similar to "WSN" (p.96)

a) Japanese Beetles

14. An example of insects that will undergo complete metamorphosis: a) Japanese Beetles b) Silverfish c) Mayflies d) Termites (p.160)

b) Both can control grasses and sedge weeds.

16. All of the following about glyphosate and triclopyr are true except: a) Both can control perennial and woody weeds. b) Both can control grasses and sedge weeds. c) Both have systemic post-emergent activity. d) Both can be applied to "cut surface." (p.621)

b) Dermal

90% of all pesticide exposure comes from _______ exposure. a) Ocular b) Dermal c) Respiratory d) Oral (p.137)

c) Geomorphic process

A change in the patterns of erosion and sedimentation caused by invasives is: a) Hydrology regime b) Fire regime c) Geomorphic process d) Monoculture (p.649)

a) N-P-K

A complete fertilizer includes: a) N-P-K b) N-P-K plus micro-ingredients c) N-P-K plus macro-ingredients and micro-ingredients d) N-P-K plus organic materials (p.96)

Spur

A compressed fruiting branch is a: a) Spur b) Crown c) Stolon d) Scale (p.25)

b) Three pairs of jointed legs

A defining characteristic of all insecta is: a) Chewing mouthparts b) Three pairs of jointed legs c) Two pair of antennae d) Complete metamorphosis (p.153)

c) Just as plants begin to wilt

A good rule of thumb to follow when irrigating turfgrass is to water: a) During the evening b) Frequently and shallowly c) Just as plants begin to wilt d) Daily just at sunrise (p.328)

a) Cheatgrass

A grass that matures early in the season and then dries out completely has a competitive advantage in fire prone areas. One such grass is: a) Cheatgrass b) Japanese stiltgrass c) Eurasian watermilfoil d) Phragmites (p.654)

b) Hot and dry

A hoe works best when the weather conditions are: a) Warm and wet b) Hot and dry c) Cool and wet d) Cold and dry (p.615)

a) Prune immediately after flowering.

A homeowner chooses an early blooming clematis for his landscape. When should he prune the vine? a) Prune immediately after flowering. b) Cut back all previous year's growth in the spring. c) Prune weekly throughout the summer. d) Cut current year's growth to the ground in the fall. (p.530)

Expecting technology to be available

A mistake for any presenter might be _____. (p.9)

b) Root zone, ground layer, shrub layer, understory, canopy

A mixed deciduous woodland is made up of five layers. What is the order of layers from the lowest level to the highest level? a) Root zone, understory, shrub layer, ground layer, canopy b) Root zone, ground layer, shrub layer, understory, canopy c) Canopy, shrub layer, understory, root zone, ground layer d) Understory, shrub layer, ground layer, canopy, root zone (p.595)

c) 5% acetic acid (vinegar)

A neighbor asks your advice about the best way to eradicate weeds that are growing in driveway cracks. Suggest any of the following except: a) Boiling water b) Hand weeding c) 5% acetic acid (vinegar) d) Glyphosate (p.623)

d) Plant nutrients such as iron and manganese are less available for plant growth.

A pH of 7.8 indicates that: a) The calcium level is very low. b) Some elements are concentrated at toxic levels. c) Nitrogen will be unavailable for growth and greening. d) Plant nutrients such as iron and manganese are less available for plant growth. (p.94)

c) Warning & Aviso

A pesticide determined to be moderately toxic is required to have what Signal Words on the label? a) Danger, Poison, & Peligro (in Red text) and a graphic of a skull & crossbones b) Danger & Peligro c) Warning & Aviso d) Caution (p.138)

d) Attract, repel, kill, control, or otherwise regulate the growth or function of an organism

A pesticide is a substance intended to: a) Kill or control insects b) Kill or control any pest c) Attract, repel, kill, or control any pest d) Attract, repel, kill, control, or otherwise regulate the growth or function of an organism (p.132)

b) Danger & Peligro

A pesticide which can cause irreversible skin or eye damage has what Signal Words printed on the label? a) Danger, Poison, & Peligro (in Red text) and a graphic of a skull & crossbones b) Danger & Peligro c) Warning & Aviso d) Caution (p.138)

a) Danger, Poison, & Peligro (in Red text) and a graphic of a skull & crossbones

A pesticide with an LD50 value that falls between trace amount and 50 mg/kg requires what Signal Words to be printed on the label? a) Danger, Poison, & Peligro (in Red text) and a graphic of a skull & crossbones b) Danger & Peligro c) Warning & Aviso d) Caution (p.137)

Biennial

A plant that produces vegetative and root growth in the first season and then produces flowers and seeds in the second season prior to dying is a: (p.18)

a) Anaerobic conditions in the pile

A reason for a rotten smelling compost pile is: a) Anaerobic conditions in the pile b) Too high a C:N ratio c) Too many "browns" d) Too low an ambient temperature (p.123)

a) Aluminum sulfate or elemental sulfur

A soil test shows your garden has a pH of 7.8. What would you add to adjust the pH to a level of 6.2 - 6.8? a) Aluminum sulfate or elemental sulfur b) 10-10-10 fertilizer c) Agricultural limestone or wood ash d) Diatomaceous earth (p.94)

Cane

A stem, with a large pith region, that typically lives 1-2 years is a: a) Twig b) Shoot c) Cane d) Branch (p.25)

b) 10

A turf-type fertilizer should contain a minimum of ___% nitrogen. a) 5 b) 10 c) 25 d) 30 (p.324)

b) 650 lbs.

According to the National Composting Council, how much compostable material does the average US household produce annually? a) 1 ton b) 650 lbs. c) 350 lbs. d) 100 lbs. (p.112)

d) Both b and c

Acute toxicity is expressed as: a) PPE b) LD50 c) LC50 d) Both b and c (p.137)

a) Widespread root system

Tree-of-heaven and Canada thistle are difficult to eradicate because of their: a) Widespread root system b) Long distant seed dispersal c) Ability to tip layer d) Allelopathic compounds (p.648)

c) Enhance the survivability and reproductive success of the plant

Tree-of-heaven, garlic mustard and Japanese knotweed release allelopathic compounds which modify the surrounding soil. Allelopathic compounds: a) Are unique to invasive species b) Are all chemically identical c) Enhance the survivability and reproductive success of the plant d) Result in the ultimate demise of the plant producing the compound (p.650)

b) During the dormant season of the second year

After planting a new tree, when should corrective pruning begin? a) Immediately, by pruning one-third of the crown to compensate for root loss at transplanting b) During the dormant season of the second year c) During the summer of the second year d) During the fall of the first year (p.350)

a) Collecting plants from the wild

All are acceptable means of acquiring native plants except: a) Collecting plants from the wild b) Purchasing seed from seed catalogs c) Purchasing cuttings or plants from reputable nurseries d) Both b and c (p.596)

d) Fertilizer recommendations for optimal germination

All grass seed sold in Pennsylvania is required to be labeled with basic information about the seed quality. Which is not included in the required labeling: a) Percentage by weight of weed seed b) Germination percentage c) Percentage by weight of inert material d) Fertilizer recommendations for optimal germination (p.318)

b) Thorax

All insects have three body regions: head, abdomen, and: a) Torso b) Thorax c) Pre-abdomen d) Stomach (p.153)

c) Ethylene exposure

All of the following are biotic diseases except: a) Rusts b) Nematodes c) Ethylene exposure d) Viruses (p.185)

a) Plants persist year after year

An advantage of growing perennials is: a) Plants persist year after year b) Maintenance free gardening c) Free of insect and disease issues d) Disciplined growing habits (p.534)

d) Adding "browns" to the pile

An ammonia odor in the pile can be corrected by: a) Adding nitrogen fertilizer b) Adding more "greens" to the pile c) Watering thoroughly every day d) Adding "browns" to the pile (p.123)

Tuber

An enlarged portion of a fleshy, underground stem bearing buds is a: a) Rhizome b) Corm c) Tuber d) Tuberous root (p.26)

d) Strong robust stems

An excess of nitrogen can result in all the following except: a) Succulent growth b) Dark green foliage c) Few blossoms and fruit d) Strong robust stems (p.89)

b) Invasive species

An exotic species whose introduction causes economic or environmental harm or harm to human life is the federal government's definition of: a) Noxious species b) Invasive species c) Quarantined species d) Weed species (p.613)

An outline

An important first step in preparing to write something for publication is _____. (p.5)

d) All of the above

Turning the soil completely over in a large garden may result in: a) Soil compaction b) Burying organic matter too deeply c) Upsetting the balance of microorganisms d) All of the above (p.239)

a) Fermentation

Anaerobic microbes create compost by: a) Fermentation b) Photosynthesis c) Oxidation d) Aerobic separation (p.115)

Seeds inside a protective fruit

Angiosperms produce: (p.18)

40 instructional hours; 50 volunteer hours

Becoming a Master Gardner requires a minimum of _____ hours of instruction in core topics and elective topics and _____ hours of volunteer work. (p.xxi)

d) Hymenoptera

Bees, ants, wasps, and sawflies belong to what order? a) Coleoptera b) Thysanoptera c) Hemiptera d) Hymenoptera (p.152)

c) Produce foliage the first year, then bloom, seed, and die the next year

Biennials usually: a) Bloom twice a season b) Produce seeds the first year c) Produce foliage the first year, then bloom, seed, and die the next year d) Cannot be started from a seed (p.534)

b) Suppressed but not eliminated by fungicides

Boxwood blight is: a) Immediately lethal to established plants b) Suppressed but not eliminated by fungicides c) An invasive fungus from Asia d) All of the above (p.676)

b) Insecta

Butterflies, bees, crickets, mosquitos, and house flies have three distinct body regions and three pair of legs. They belong to what class? a) Chilopoda b) Insecta c) Arachnida d) Diploda (p.150)

b) Chewing

Cabbage worms, gypsy moths, and Japanese beetles damage plants by: a) Piercing-sucking b) Chewing c) Mining d) Internal feeding (p.170)

b) 5a to 7b

Care should be taken to select landscape plants that are hardy in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone. The hardiness zones for Pennsylvania range from: a) 5a to 5b b) 5a to 7b c) 6b to 8a d) 8a to 9a (p.500)

d) All of the above

Cold frames are useful for: a) Growing cool weather crops in very early spring and late fall b) Starting root cuttings in summer c) Hardening off seedlings d) All of the above (p.271)

d) Both a and c

Compost is the gold standard for mulching perennial beds because it: a) Conserves moisture in the soil b) Inhibits insect activity c) Contributes nutrients and microorganisms d) Both a and c (p.550)

c) A factor in the soil's ability to hold and supply nutrients

Compost is: a) Chemically and structurally the same regardless of the source material b) A significant short-term source of the three most critical nutrients c) A factor in the soil's ability to hold and supply nutrients d) Chemically inert (p.113)

c) 1-1-1

Composted manures typically have a nutrient ratio of: a) 5-10-5 b) 15-15-0 c) 1-1-1 d) 5-3-0 (p.99)

a) Mildly acidic

Composter microbes work best in an environment that is: a) Mildly acidic b) Allowed to dry thoroughly between waterings c) Given applications of lime d) Maintained at a temperature of 160°F (p.122)

Monocots

Corn, grass, and similar plants that produce a single shoot from a seed are: (p.23)

Genus and species

Cornus florida 'Cherokee Chief' is the name of a flowering dogwood. What do the first two words of the name designate? (p.20)

d) Use of systemic pesticide

Cultural practices that decrease the risk of disease include all except: a) Weed control and plant spacing to increase air circulation b) Crop rotation c) Irrigation method to decrease duration of leaf wetness d) Use of systemic pesticide (p.200)

c) Eschewing any use of chemicals

Developing and implementing a multi-option strategy (IPM Step 4) to manage pests includes all of the following except: a) Using plants and animals that are resistant to attack by pests b) Rotating crops c) Eschewing any use of chemicals d) Locating and destroying pests by hand (p.129)

a) Provenance

Differences in plant hardiness due to regional adaptations are called: a) Provenance b) Variety c) Acclimation d) Survival (p.596)

a) Clay, silt, sand

Different sized mineral particles constitute soil texture. The different size particles, from smallest to largest, are: a) Clay, silt, sand b) Clay, silt, loam, sand c) Silt, clay, loam, sand d) Silt, clay, sand (p.83)

b) Side buds to produce large terminal flowers

Disbudding is the removal of: a) Spent flowers to help maintain vigorous growth and blooms b) Side buds to produce large terminal flowers c) Terminal growth to encourage branching d) Seedheads (p.551)

d) Both a and c

Divide perennial plants when they: a) Have reduced flower production due to overcrowding b) Are showing signs of fungal diseases c) Begin to die out in the center d) Both a and c (p.554)

a) Diffuse canker

Elongated areas of dead bark caused by a fungus, often resulting in the girdling of a branch or tree in a single season, is most likely: a) Diffuse canker b) Fire blight c) Damping off d) Leaf scorch (p.190)

b) Broccoli and cabbage

Examples of cool season crops are: a) Beans and corn b) Broccoli and cabbage c) Tomatoes and peppers d) Both a and b (p.266)

b) Tolerate shade and droughty soils

Fine fescues: a) Require high rates of nitrogen fertilizer b) Tolerate shade and droughty soils c) Tolerate high foot traffic d) Adapt to poor drainage areas (p.315)

a) Grow, flower, and produce seed in a single season

Flowering annuals: a) Grow, flower, and produce seed in a single season b) Rebloom year after year c) Should not be combined with spring blooming bulbs d) Usually cannot be grown from seed (p.534)

c) Greens and browns

For the home composter, organic matter for composting falls into two categories: a) Carbs and proteins b) Blacks and tans c) Greens and browns d) Drys and wets (p.114)

Parallel

Generally, what type of venation do monocots exhibit? a) Palmate b) Pinnate c) Parallel d) Reticulate (p.28)

c) Cool season and warm season

Grasses in Pennsylvania can be categorized into two groups. They are: a) Blues and ryes b) Wet season and dry season c) Cool season and warm season d) Deep rooted and lightly rooted (p.312)

b) Cover crop grown over the winter

Green manure is: a) Manure from pasture raised animals b) Cover crop grown over the winter c) Commercial manure that is dyed green d) Composted manure (p.107)

d) Maintenance free garden beds

Groundcovers have a number of positive aspects. Which of the following is not one of these positive features? a) Erosion control b) Unifying landscape design element c) Conserve soil moisture d) Maintenance free garden beds (p.531)

c) Air temperatures

Growing Degree Days (GDD) is a calculation used to predict when insects' life stages will appear and the duration of time the stages will remain active. It is based on actual minimum and maximum daily: a) Rainfall b) Soil temperatures c) Air temperatures d) Relative Humidity (p.161)

c) Adventitious buds

Growing points along the stem of a woody plant which are not directly connected to the plant's vascular system are called: a) Terminal buds b) Lateral buds c) Adventitious buds d) Axillary buds (p.346)

a) Interplanting

Growing two or more types of vegetables in the same place at the same time is: a) Interplanting b) Trellis gardening c) Succession planting d) Relay planting (p.258)

d) Water after application.

Guidelines for pre-emergent herbicides include: a) Apply before installing sod. b) Apply after crabgrass germinates (below 55 degrees). c) Aerate after application. d) Water after application. (p.619)

Have seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit, but are protected by a cone

Gymnosperms: (p.18)

d) All of the above plus a few more

IPM addresses which of the following pests? a) Fungi b) Various vertebrates c) Insects d) All of the above plus a few more (p.128)

b) Pest management

IPM is about: a) Pest eradication b) Pest management c) Eliminating the use of insecticides d) The safest possible insecticides (p.128)

c) Forest

If left alone, a meadow will undergo succession and become a: a) Larger meadow b) Barrens c) Forest d) Wetland (p.592)

d) Onions and cabbage

If you were to group the vegetables in your garden by their fertilizer requirements, which of the following would be with the heavy feeders? a) Radishes and leeks b) Tomatoes and eggplants c) Cabbage and lettuce d) Onions and cabbage (p.250)

Seattle, WA

In 1972, the first Master Gardener training program was started in _____. (pxx)

c) Sandstone, limestone, and shale

In Pennsylvania what three rocks serve as parent material and are the primary source of minerals in the soil? a) Basalt, limestone, and gneiss b) Slate, sandstone, and basalt c) Sandstone, limestone, and shale d) Slate, coal, and sandstone (p.81)

b) Soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels

In a standard Penn State soil test, the sample will be analyzed for: a) Presence of pesticides and herbicides b) Soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels c) Lead and heavy metals d) Nitrogen, potassium, and phosphoric acid (p.105)

c) provide better footing and cushioning

In addition to aesthetic appeal, turfgrass functions to a) Inhibit insect development b) keep the soil warm c) provide better footing and cushioning d) both A and C (p.312)

c) Spot treat with glyphosate.

In controlling perennial grasses such as quackgrass and nimblewill, it is best to: a) Apply water sparingly before treatment. b) Apply pre-emergent herbicides in early spring. c) Spot treat with glyphosate. d) Water the foliage thoroughly after application. (p.620)

b) Loosen bonds between clay particles to allow for easier movement of water and roots

In heavy soils, added compost will: a) Enhance anaerobic activity within the clay and silt structures b) Loosen bonds between clay particles to allow for easier movement of water and roots c) Bind the clay particles together to make them more digestible for earthworms d) Form and bind clay particles into platy structures (p.112)

d) Bind sand particles together, thereby improving water holding and aeration

In sandy soils, added compost will: a) Lubricate the sand particles, allowing them to move freely b) Ensure anaerobic activity within the sand structures c) Break the sand particles down to clay/silt sized particles d) Bind sand particles together, thereby improving water holding and aeration (p.112)

b) Commercial formulations of potassium salts of fatty acids

Insecticidal soaps are: a) Intended to kill hard-shelled insects b) Commercial formulations of potassium salts of fatty acids c) Homemade formulations using dish detergent d) Ineffective in killing soft-bodied insects (p.181)

d) Spiracles

Insects breathe through: a) Mouths b) Stomata c) Head openings d) Spiracles (p.157)

b) Do not have a pupal stage

Insects that undergo simple (or incomplete) metamorphosis: a) Do not lay eggs b) Do not have a pupal stage c) Are born as nymphs d) All of the above (p.159)

a) Arthropoda

Insects, spiders, crayfish, centipedes, and millipedes all have segmented bodies, paired appendages, jointed legs, and exoskeletons. They belong to what phylum? a) Arthropoda b) Platyhelminthes c) Mollusca d) Achelminthes (p.150)

b) Under the law, they are liable for the misuse of pesticides on their property.

It is not required that homeowners be certified to use general-use pesticides, but: a) Unlike commercial applicators, they have no restrictions as to when and how to apply pesticides. b) Under the law, they are liable for the misuse of pesticides on their property. c) Unlike commercial applicators, there are no requirements for the storage or disposal of pesticides. d) Both a and c (p.132)

a) Thinning branches to a lateral branch

Junipers are best pruned by: a) Thinning branches to a lateral branch b) Shearing into a tight hedge c) Cutting oldest branches to the ground in fall d) Cutting lateral branches back to old wood in the spring (p.359)

a) Quickly establishes from seed

Kentucky bluegrass has all the following attributes except: a) Quickly establishes from seed b) Tolerant of cold, wear, and moderate heat c) Superior recuperative potential d) Medium to fine leaf texture (p.313)

a) The smaller the number (mg/kg), the greater the toxicity

LD50 figures are found on the product's Safety Data Sheet available where you buy the pesticide or on the Internet. What does a LD50 value indicate? a) The smaller the number (mg/kg), the greater the toxicity b) The information has no relevance to human beings. c) The larger the number (mg/kg), the greater the toxicity d) Any product with a published LD50 is too dangerous for use by untrained personnel. (p.137)

b) Accounts for nearly all the organic material in the soil

Labile material does all of the following except: a) Fuels the soil food web b) Accounts for nearly all the organic material in the soil c) Decomposes readily by microbes d) Decomposes rapidly in the presence of oxygen (p.87)

c) Scaffolds

Lateral branches growing from the central leader or trunk are called: a) Water sprouts b) Suckers c) Scaffolds d) Crossover branches (p.342)

a) Aphids and root aphids

Lettuce is one of the easiest vegetables for the home gardener. What is its most common insect problem? a) Aphids and root aphids b) Japanese beetles c) Earwigs d) All of the above (p.294)

Palmate

Maple leaves have what type of venation? a) Pinnate b) Dichotomous c) Palmate d) Parallel ( p.29)

a) Removes plugs of soil

Mechanical aeration: a) Removes plugs of soil b) Drills holes to a depth of 5 inches c) Removes thatch d) Should only be done by a professional (p.330)

d) 30:1

Microbes need carbon (C) for energy and nitrogen (N) for growth. What is the optimal C:N ratio for composting? a) 1:1 b) 2:1 c) 10:1 d) 30:1 (p.114)

b) Water as necessary to maintain a compost pile that is as damp as a wrung-out sponge.

Microbes only break down moist materials. What is the best guideline for maintaining a desirable moisture level in a compost pile? a) Water thoroughly once a week. b) Water as necessary to maintain a compost pile that is as damp as a wrung-out sponge. c) Water until a puddle appears at the base of the pile. d) Keep a drip irrigation hose on constantly. (p.115)

d) All of the above

Mobile elements move from older to younger tissue within a plant; immobile elements do not. Which statement is correct? a) The mobile elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. b) A deficiency of immobile elements results in chlorosis of new growth. c) A nitrogen deficiency results in chlorosis of older leaves. d) All of the above (p.195)

d) All of the above

Monitoring for pests (IPM Step 3) includes: a) Noting plant damage b) Trapping targeted pests c) Tracking weather d) All of the above (p.129)

b) Areas of distorted growth

More than 2000 insects in the US produce galls on plants. Galls are: a) Generally harmful to trees and plant life b) Areas of distorted growth c) Parasitic d) Infectious (p.171)

Stamen

Most holly trees are dioecious meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Which structure is found in the flowers of a male holly plant? a) Stigma b) Style c) Ovary d) Stamen (p.32)

c) Feeding

Most insect injuries to plants are the result of: a) Egg laying b) Overwintering c) Feeding d) Pupating (p.172)

c) Liquid

Most insects possess either haustellate or mandibulate mouthparts. Haustellate mouthparts are used to ingest food in a __________ form. a) Chewed b) Dry c) Liquid d) Bite-sized (p.155)

a) Oaks will not reach maturity in the absence of these fungi.

Most trees have a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi. Oaks are mycorrhizal obligate rather than mycorrhizal facultative. This means: a) Oaks will not reach maturity in the absence of these fungi. b) The mycorrhizal fungi cannot survive in tandem with oaks. c) Oaks will survive in the absence of the fungi, but will be healthier and more robust in their presence. d) The mycorrhizal fungi flourish within the roots of these trees and ultimately dominate the vascular system. (p.506)

b) Kaltrate

N-P-K is shorthand for N-P2O5-K2O. Which of the following is not one of the fertilizer components that make up N-P-K? a) Phosphate b) Kaltrate c) Nitrogen d) Potash (p.95)

a) Salts drawing moisture from roots

Nitrogen burning is caused by: a) Salts drawing moisture from roots b) Nitrogen flammability c) Too much moisture in the soil d) Insufficient potassium (p.102)

b) Thatch build-up

Over-fertilization, improper pH, and bad mowing practices can lead to: a) Low water-holding capacity b) Thatch build-up c) Bacterial wilt ("Bacterial decline") d) Dollar spot (p.328)

Counties

Penn State Extension has a physical presence in each of PA's _____. (p.xx)

a) Sunny; well drained soil with high fertility

Perennial ryegrass is "wear and heat tolerant". It is a good choice for lawns where the growing conditions are: a) Sunny; well drained soil with high fertility b) Sunny; damp soil with low fertility c) Shady; dry soil with low fertility d) Shady; damp soil with moderate fertility (p.314)

a) Dandelion and pokeweed

Perennial weeds that live for more than two years and grow year after year from the same root system include: a) Dandelion and pokeweed b) Chickweed and henbit c) Mullein and garlic mustard d) Ragweed and lamb's quarter (p.611)

a) Leaves, stems, and flowers that die back to the ground each fall

Perennials have: a) Leaves, stems, and flowers that die back to the ground each fall b) Roots that die back each winter c) Exfoliating bark d) Blooms that persist from fall to spring (p.534)

d) All of the above

Pesticides break down slowly in aquifers and in the water table because of a lack of: a) Oxygen b) Heat c) Light d) All of the above (p.144)

c) June to early July

Pines can be pruned by removing one-half to two-thirds of the candle-like terminal growth and side laterals in: a) February/March b) April/May c) June to early July d) August/September (p.360)

d) Relay planting

Planting a second vegetable crop before the first crop has been removed is: a) Interplanting b) Vertical gardening c) Succession planting d) Relay planting (p.260)

c) Succession planting

Planting something new in spots vacated by spent plants is: a) Interplanting b) Vertical gardening c) Succession planting d) Relay planting (p.260)

10°-15°F higher than the night temperature

Plants produce maximum growth when exposed to a day temperature that is: a) The same as the night temperature b) 10°-15°F higher than the night temperature c) 5°-10°F lower than the night temperature d) 50°F (p.43)

Long-Day

Plants which form flowers only when day length exceeds 12 hours: a) Short-day b) Long-day c) Day-neutral d) Long-night (p.42)

Herbaceous perennials

Plants with leaves and stems that die back to the ground each winter, then produce new shoots from the crown in spring are: (p.18)

a) When daily temperatures are between 65 and 85 degrees

Post-emergence broadleaf herbicides are best applied: a) When daily temperatures are between 65 and 85 degrees b) When temperatures are below 65 degrees c) In the summer, when temperature are above 90 degrees d) In the fall, after several hard freezes (p.619)

c) Pruning back stems to three or four buds each year

Prune wisteria by: a) Cutting to the ground after flowering b) Cutting to the ground in the spring c) Pruning back stems to three or four buds each year d) No pruning is necessary. (p.363)

d) Thinning cut

Removing a branch at its point of origin on the trunk or from a large branch is: a) Rejuvenation b) Heading back c) Reduction cut d) Thinning cut (p.349)

Installing a garden at your church

Volunteer activities must have an educational purpose and/or teaching component. What is not an example of an acceptable volunteer activity? (p.xxi)

Stabilizing a plant in soil

Water is responsible for all of the following except: a) Maintaining turgor pressure b) Transporting nutrients throughout the plant c) Stabilizing a plant in soil d) Dissolving minerals from the soil (p.43)

d) All of the above

Weed control is part of an IPM plan because the weeds: a) Provide cover for insect pests b) Compete for light, moisture, and nutrients, thus stressing desired plants c) Contribute to pest build-up d) All of the above (p.176)

d) All of the above

Weeds can: a) Indicate unsuitable growing conditions for desired plants b) Affect yield and quality of agricultural products c) Harbor pests d) All of the above (p.611)

c) Japanese Beetle

What Asian import is destructive in both its larval and adult stages, feeds on more than 300 different host plants, and drives more than $460 million in management costs? a) Gypsy Moth b) Boxwood c) Japanese Beetle d) All of the above (p.675)

d) All of the above

What are conditions that favor damping off? a) Excessive soil moisture and overcrowded seedbeds b) Low soil temperatures c) High soil temperatures d) All of the above (p.191)

Diminished vision and/or hearing

What are some of the barriers to learning for adults? (p.2)

a) Fungi

What are the facultative parasites most likely to attack stressed plants? a) Fungi b) Epiphyte c) Galls d) Moss (p.197)

b) Trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers

What are the four categories of woody ornamentals? a) Container grown, balled-and-burlapped, bare-root, and polybagged b) Trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers c) Flowers, grasses, vines, and groundcovers d) Coniferous, deciduous, evergreen, and semi-evergreen (p.498)

Stomata

What are the small openings on the underside of leaves? a) Lenticels b) Stomata c) Pneumatophores d) Nodes (p.28)

b) Serpentine, limestone, and shale

What are the three types of natural barrens that occur in Pennsylvania? a) Limestone, granite, and serpentine b) Serpentine, limestone, and shale c) Shale, sandstone, and limestone d) Serpentine, shale, and sandstone (p.593)

Blue

What color of light is best for starting seedlings? a) Red b) Blue c) Green d) Yellow (p.42)

Federal Land

What did the Morrill Act of 1862 provide to the states in order to assist them in funding the land-grand institutions? (plxix)

d) All of the above

What factors should be considered when selecting plants for a perennial border: a) Sun exposure b) USDA hardiness rating c) Bloom times d) All of the above (p.538)

a) Tree-of-heaven

What invasive tree is easily mistaken for a sumac, ash, or black walnut? a) Tree-of-heaven b) Autumn olive c) Common buckhorn d) Princess tree (p.661)

b) Portable structure to shelter plants from wind or cold air

What is a cloche? a) A walk-in greenhouse b) Portable structure to shelter plants from wind or cold air c) A structure for providing shade d) A hotbed (p.273)

c) Varieties that grow to a certain size, and then set fruit starting at top

What is a determinate tomato plant? a) Varieties that grow and set fruit continuously until killed by frost or disease b) Varieties that are resistant to all normal bacterial and viral infections c) Varieties that grow to a certain size, and then set fruit starting at top d) Varieties that continually grow and set fruits starting from the bottom (p.305)

d) All of the above

What is a key consideration in selecting trees or shrubs for a landscape? a) Size and shape of plant at maturity b) Susceptibility to disease c) Fruits that are large, messy, or smelly d) All of the above (p.500)

a) Winter rye

What is a very hardy cover crop for sowing in the fall? a) Winter rye b) Buckwheat c) Winter wheat d) Crimson clover (p.270)

c) Dragonfly

What is an example of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? a) Wasp b) Ant c) Dragonfly d) Bee (p.159)

d) Removing spent flowers to maintain vigorous growth

What is deadheading? a) Replanting seedlings b) Reducing legginess c) Removing lateral buds to encourage flowers d) Removing spent flowers to maintain vigorous growth (p.553)

Ministry

What is not a central function of the land-grant institution concept? (p.xix)

c) Unintended detrimental consequences to plant life as a result of application of chemicals

What is phytotoxicity? a) Poisoning as a result of ingestion or respiration of pesticides b) Injury to livestock resulting from grazing herbicide-sprayed fields c) Unintended detrimental consequences to plant life as a result of application of chemicals d) Death of beneficial insects due to misapplication of insecticides (p.202)

c) Measure of hydrogen ion forming activity

What is soil pH? a) A test for the presence of lime b) Bio-available phosphorus c) Measure of hydrogen ion forming activity d) A 100 point scale measuring alkalinity (p.93)

d) High unit cost

What is the disadvantage of a slow release fertilizer? a) Greater burn potential b) Nitrogen depletion from the soil c) Long-term acidification d) High unit cost (p.97)

d) Yellow nutsedge

What is the grass-like weed with yellowish-green foliage and a three-sided stem that grows in lawns and moist areas? a) Chicory b) Mugwort c) Buckhorn plantain d) Yellow nutsedge (p.633)

Photosynthesis

What is the name of the plant process by which plants use energy from light to produce sugars and starches? a) Respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Transpiration d) Propagation (p.39)

b) Cut the outer roots with a sharp knife to break up any circling roots

What is the procedure for planting container-grown shrubs that are over-grown and the root mass is growing in a tight compact circle around the soil ball? a) Plant to a depth equal to the rim of the container. b) Cut the outer roots with a sharp knife to break up any circling roots. c) Amend the backfill with 25% peat moss. d) Add high nitrogen fertilizer to the planting hole. (p.509)

Respiration

What is the process by which a plant converts sugar into CO2, water and energy? a) Transpiration b) Respiration c) Germination d) Photosynthesis (p.40)

b) Follow the label directions.

What is the proper procedure for disposing pesticides? a) Pour liquids down the drain and flush with lots of water. b) Follow the label directions. c) Mix dry materials with kitty litter, put in a closed bag, and leave out with the regular garbage. d) Both a and c (p.141)

b) Deadnettle

What is the purple-flowered, square stemmed weed that tolerates close mowing? a) Lamb's quarter b) Deadnettle c) Hairy bittercress d) Common purslane (p.627)

b) 2 - 3 inches

What is the recommended depth for organic mulch around a tree or shrub? a) 1 inch b) 2 - 3 inches c) 4 - 5 inches d) 6 - 7 inches (p.517)

Petiole

What is the stalk that supports the leaf blade away from the stem? a) Leaf axil b) Petiole c) Cuticle d) Stomata (p.27)

b) Mountain laurel

What is the state flower of Pennsylvania? a) Arrowwood viburnum b) Mountain laurel c) Common blue violet d) White baneberry (p.603)

d) Japanese knotweed

What is the ten foot tall plant with bamboo-like stems that grows near streams and spreads aggressively? a) Oriental bittersweet b) Tree of heaven c) Japanese honeysuckle (p.635)

c) Multiflora rose

What noxious weed was promoted by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service to control erosion and to act as a living fence for livestock? a) Shattercane b) Johnson grass c) Multiflora rose d) Spear thistle (p.669)

a) Goatsrue

What noxious weed, intended for use as a forage crop, was found to produce a poisonous alkaloid making it deadly to certain livestock? a) Goatsrue b) Jimsonweed c) Hogweed d) Johnson grass (p.667)

Cambium

What tissue is the site of cell division and active growth in the stem? (p.23)

c) Oriental bittersweet

What vine, a favorite for fall decorations due to its orange and red berries, is an invasive that was introduced to the U.S. in the 1800's? a) Wineberry b) Porcelainberry c) Oriental bittersweet d) Wisteria (p.664)

Anther to the Stigma

When a honeybee pollinates a perfect flower, it transfers the pollen from the: a) Anther to the stigma b) Stigma to the anther c) Anther to the calyx d) Stigma to the petals (p.32)

c) Between 60° and 70°

When developing the branch structure of a tree, it is best to keep lateral branches that have angles: a) Less than 30° b) Between 30° and 45° c) Between 60° and 70° d) Between 45° to 60° (p.351)

1982

When did the first Penn State Extension Master Gardeners complete their training? (p.xxi)

c) Some controls may damage the target plants.

When evaluating and reporting results (IPM Step 5), it is important to realize that: a) Non-chemical controls either work quickly or don't work at all. b) In the final analysis, pesticides always get their target. c) Some controls may damage the target plants. d) Both a and c (p.131)

c) Fall

When is the best time to incorporate organic matter and lime into a vegetable garden in preparation for spring planting? a) Spring b) Summer c) Fall d) Immediately prior to planting (p.239)

c) Provide a pathway of stepping stones or mulch through the garden.

When laying out a garden that is not accessible from all sides, it is advisable to: a) Plant only low growing perennials. b) Install a water feature. c) Provide a pathway of stepping stones or mulch through the garden. d) Create a secret garden by planting tall perennials along edges and annuals in the center. (p.537)

c) At least one-half to one-third the diameter of the branch being removed

When making a reduction cut, a branch is cut back to a lateral branch that is: a) At least one-fourth the diameter of the branch being removed b) The same size as the branch being removed c) At least one-half to one-third the diameter of the branch being removed d) Larger than the branch being removed (p.349)

a) Keep the mulch six inches away from the tree trunk.

When mulching around a tree: a) Keep the mulch six inches away from the tree trunk. b) Create a steep slope of mulch from the tree down to the ground level. c) Place no mulch over exposed roots. d) Mulching serves no good purpose around trees. (p.517)

b) Make a layer of firm soil at the bottom of the planting hole.

When planting bare-root trees: a) Amend backfill with 25% compost. b) Make a layer of firm soil at the bottom of the planting hole. c) Put fertilizer in the planting hole. d) Head back 1/3 of the branches. (p.507)

Practice key phrases and keep track of the time.

When practicing a presentation: (p.10)

- Limit the whole display to one topic. - Create a story going from panel to panel.

When preparing a tri-fold display for an exhibit: (p.13)

a) Complete rejuvenation

When pruning deciduous shrubs, removal of all stems to within 1 to 2 inches above ground level is: a) Complete rejuvenation b) Thinning c) Gradual renewal d) Heading back (p.354)

b) Remove suckers and any damaged branches.

When pruning newly planted trees: a) Remove 1/3 of branches to compensate for root loss. b) Remove suckers and any damaged branches. c) Trim all the branches to give a more uniform appearance. d) Top the leader to encourage lateral growth. (p.512)

c) Use a three-cut method.

When removing branches over 1½" in diameter: a) Cut flush with the trunk, leaving no stub. b) Paint the tree wound. c) Use a three-cut method. d) Make one cut to the branch collar. (p.356)

c) 40% Clorox solution

When removing diseased wood, it is important to sterilize pruning tools between cuts with any of the following except: a) Hydrogen peroxide solution b) 10% Clorox solution c) 40% Clorox solution d) 70% alcohol solution (p.343)

.edu

When researching information for presentations on the Internet, it is best to reference sites with what URL? (p.13)

b) One warm white bulb and one cool white bulb

When starting seeds indoors under lights use: a) Two warm white bulbs b) One warm white bulb and one cool white bulb c) Two cool white bulbs d) Two halogen bulbs (p.242)

a) A cool, dry place

When storing summer-flowering bulbs over winter, keep them in: a) A cool, dry place b) A plastic bag c) The freezer d) A basket near a window (p.557)

15 minutes

When teaching adults, how much time should be given before changing topics or teaching methods? (p.10)

b) Have separate sprayers for each herbicide.

When using herbicides, it is important to: a) Use broadcast application whenever possible. b) Have separate sprayers for each herbicide. c) Apply immediately before rain is predicted. d) Apply on a windy day. (p.617)

Get written permission.

When using other people's creative or intellectual work in a presentation: (p.15)

Immediately under the bark

Where is the phloem located in a mature oak tree? (p.23)

True Fruit and Small Fruit Culture

Which are not core classes in the Master Gardener Program? (p.xxi)

c) Cardinal flower and beebalm

Which flowers provide nectar for hummingbirds? a) Bloodroot and Jacob's ladder b) Dolls eye and wild ginger c) Cardinal flower and beebalm d) Butterfly weed and wild geranium (p.605)

c) Norway maple

Which invasive maple tree oozes a milky sap from the petiole of its leaves? a) Sugar maple b) Sycamore maple c) Norway maple d) Red maple (p.660)

b) Garlic mustard

Which invasive poses a threat to bloodroot, wild ginger, and hepatica because of its allelopathic effect? a) Knotweed b) Garlic mustard c) Honeysuckle d) Japanese barberry (p.656)

d) Handpicking

Which is an example of a mechanical pest control? a) Using a conventional pesticide b) Using predators c) Spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) d) Handpicking (p.176)

b) Tomato followed by corn

Which is an example of an effective crop rotation used to reduce the threat of pathogens being passed from crop to crop? a) Tomato followed by eggplant b) Tomato followed by corn c) Tomato followed by potato d) Tomato followed by tomato (p.199)

b) Soil friability

Which is not a factor in the susceptibility or severity of plant disease? a) Pathogen abundance and aggressiveness b) Soil friability c) Host plant vigor d) Environmental conditions (p.184)

b) It is a hummingbird nectar plant

Which is the correct statement regarding Monarda didyma? a) The common name is garden phlox b) It is a hummingbird nectar plant c) It is generally found in wetlands d) It is an evergreen groundcover (p.605)

b) Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium

Which nutrients are required in relatively large amounts for plant growth? a) Manganese, iron, and copper b) Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium c) Zinc, sulfur, and boron d) All of the above (p.195)

d) All of the above

Which of the following are benefits of gardening with native plants? a) Protecting wildlife habitat b) Creating a sense of place c) Maintaining and conserving plant biodiversity d) All of the above (p.589)

d) Both a and c

Which of the following are entry points for bacteria? a) Mechanical injuries and wounds made by insect feeding b) Spores c) Stomata and nectaries d) Both a and c (p.186)

Magnesium, sulfur, and calcium

Which of the following are plant macronutrients? p.44 [d] a) Molybdenum, chlorine, and fluoride b) Iron, zinc, and manganese c) Boron, copper, and cobalt d) Magnesium, sulfur, and calcium (p.44)

d) All of the above

Which of the following diseases are common for tomatoes? a) Early blight and late blight b) Septoria leaf spot, bacterial spot, and tobacco mosaic virus c) Verticillium and fusarium wilts d) All of the above (p.307)

b) Millipedes

Which of the following is a decomposer? a) Cattails b) Millipedes c) Moles d) Lepidoptera (p.113)

c) Zoysiagrass

Which of the following is a warm season grass? a) Bentgrass b) Rough bluegrass c) Zoysiagrass d) Tall fescue (p.312)

b) 0-25-25

Which of the following is an incomplete fertilizer? a) 10-10-10 b) 0-25-25 c) 16-8-8 d) 5-10-10 (p.96)

a) Use of natural predators and pathogens

Which of the following is considered a biological method of seed control? a) Use of natural predators and pathogens b) Use of organic mulch c) Flaming weeds d) Soil solarization (p.614)

- Species - Genus - Family - Order - Class - Division

Which of the following is in correct order from least inclusive to most inclusive? (p.19)

c) Bacteria

Which of the following is not a causal agent for an abiotic disorder? a) Air pollution b) Extremes in soil moisture level c) Bacteria d) Pesticide toxicity (p.193)

c) Correlated with low nitrogen levels

Which of the following is not true about gray snow mold: a) Brown sclerotia are embedded in the crowns and leaves of infected plants. b) Usually found along sidewalks or driveways c) Correlated with low nitrogen levels d) Generally occurs in late winter or early spring (p.333)

d) Roll sod to ensure close contact with the soil.

Which of the following practices is to be avoided when laying sod: a) Water to a depth of 4 to 6 inches. b) Stagger the strips so that the joints between the pieces do not coincide. c) Keep soil beneath the sod layer consistently moist for two to three weeks. d) Roll sod to ensure close contact with the soil. (p.322)

d) Air and water pore space

Which of the following soil components is altered by heavy soil compaction? a) Parent material b) Mineral content c) Subsoil composition d) Air and water pore space (p.106)

a) They eliminate perennial weeds.

Which of the following statements about portable propane flamers is false? a) They eliminate perennial weeds. b) They cause plant cells to rupture. c) They cause weeds to wilt. d) Their effects are similar to vinegar and contact chemicals. (p.617)

c) It quickly starves perennial roots to death after initial contact.

Which of the following statements about tilling is false? a) It destroys young annual weeds. b) It includes digging, cultivating, rototilling, and plowing. c) It quickly starves perennial roots to death after initial contact. d) It was used extensively before herbicides were introduced. (p.616)

b) Rattlesnake

Which of the following would justify a pest threshold tolerance (IPM step 2) of '0' to a homeowner? a) Japanese beetle larva b) Rattlesnake c) Blue jays d) Cutworms ( p.129)

d) Purple loosestrife

Which one of the following plants is on Pennsylvania's noxious weed list? a) Oriental bittersweet b) Japanese stilt grass c) Garlic mustard d) Purple loosestrife (p.613)

c) A disease does not readily infect resistant plants unless factors are favorable.

Which one of the following statements is true? a) Resistant varieties of plants resist all diseases common to the species. b) A plant bred for specific disease resistance will never get that disease. c) A disease does not readily infect resistant plants unless factors are favorable. d) Resistant plants can develop immunity to a disease after they are exposed to it. (p.200)

c) Garlic mustard

Which one of the following weeds is a biennial? a) Ground ivy b) Canada thistle c) Garlic mustard d) Dandelion (p.611)

c) Dry Meadow

Which plant community is characterized by full sun and dominated by grasses, legumes, and flowers? a) Barrens b) Wetlands c) Dry Meadow d) Mixed coniferous woodlands (p.592)

a) Oakleaf hydrangea

Which shrub blooms on old wood and is pruned after it flowers? a) Oakleaf hydrangea b) Panicle hydrangea c) Smooth hydrangea d) Shrub bushclover (p.369)

c) Organic material

Which soil amendment would work best to alleviate a compaction problem? a) Fine sand b) Diatomaceous earth c) Organic material d) Granular sulfur (p.106)

d) Stable

Which type of organic material is slowest to decompose? a) Labile b) Clay particles c) Manganese d) Stable (p.87)

a) Hemlock wooly adelgid

While walking through the woods, you notice cottony white masses on a conifer. These masses are caused by the: a) Hemlock wooly adelgid b) Gypsy moth c) Asian long haired beetle d) Elongated hemlock scale (p.671)

b) Four-lined plant bug

While working in a perennial border in late May, you notice the leaves of the Russian sage have dark spots that are coalescing to create a blotchy appearance on the leaves. This damage is caused by: a) Japanese beetle b) Four-lined plant bug c) Foliar nematodes d) Slugs (p.562)

b) Mixed coniferous forest

White pines and ferns are found in which plant community? a) Dry Meadows b) Mixed coniferous forest c) Mixed deciduous forest d) Serpentine barrens (p.591)

c) President William Clinton

Who issued the Presidential Executive Order which defines invasive species as "alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human life"? a) President Theodore Roosevelt b) President Franklin D. Roosevelt c) President William Clinton d) President George W Bush (p.642)

b) Warm days and cool nights add sugar and crispness to vegetables.

Why do fall gardens produce sweet, good quality crops? a) Most vegetables prefer cooler weather. b) Warm days and cool nights add sugar and crispness to vegetables. c) The crops do not need fertilizer. d) The vegetables are planted twice as deep for warmth. (p.267)

- To ensure that the whole audience hears the question - To ensure that the presenter understands the question - To give the presenter time to prepare an answer

Why should a presenter repeat a question that an audience member has asked? (p.3)

a) Wetland

Winterberry holly, Ilex verticillata, thrives in which plant community? p.592 [a] a) Wetland b) Meadow c) Taiga d) Barrens (p.592)

b) Rejuvenate the plant by cutting it to the ground in early spring.

You have a 20 ft. lilac on your property that has been neglected for many years and no longer flowers. What is the best method for pruning the plant? a) Reduce the height of the plant by heading it back to 4 feet. b) Rejuvenate the plant by cutting it to the ground in early spring. c) Remove one-third of the oldest canes in the fall. d) Rejuvenate the plant by cutting it to the ground in the summer. (p.370)

b) Powdery mildew

Your peony leaves are covered with a white, dusty substance. Some of the leaves are twisted and distorted. What is the disease? a) Downy mildew b) Powdery mildew c) Septoria leaf spot d) Leaf curl (p.567)

a) Deciduous

____________ trees should be used to shade southern-facing windows in summer and to allow warmth and light in the winter. a) Deciduous b) Coniferous c) Evergreen d) Semi-dwarf (p.500)

20% of what they hear

n general, students retain ______. (p.3)

d) 144

ou want to cover a shady area at the back of your property with dwarf crested iris. The bed area is flat and is approximately 24 feet long and 6 feet wide. The iris is sold in 4" pots and the label indicates a 12" spacing. How many pots do you need to purchase in order to cover the area? a) 12 b) 26 c) 120 d) 144 (p.531)