Penny: Chapter 7 Urinary

Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as: a. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease c. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease d. acquired renal cystic disease

a. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease? a. bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys b. unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa c. small, echogenic kidneys d. numerous, large, complex renal cysts

a. bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is: a. candida albicans b. renal cell carcinoma c. renal tract obstruction d. ureolithiasis

a. candida albicans

Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria? a. hemorrhagic renal cyst b. milk of calcium renal cyst c. simple renal cyst d. angiomyolipoma

a. hemorrhagic renal cyst

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is: a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

a. tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. ureteral stricture b. pregnancy c. neurogenic bladder d. uterine leiomyoma

a. ureteral stricture

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver? a. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease c. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease d. acquired renal cystic disease

b. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure? a. hypertension b. diabetes mellitus c. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease d. acute tubular necrosis

b. diabetes mellitus

The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is: a. horseshoe kidney b. duplicated collecting system c. renal agenesis d. renal hypoplasia

b. duplicated collecting system

What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. nephron b. medulla c. cortex d. bowman's capsule

b. external iliac artery

What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney? a. thoracic cavity b. pelvis c. contralateral fossa d. left upper quadrant

b. pelvis

The kidneys are: a. intraperitoneal organs b. retroperitoneal organs c. both intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs d. either intraperitoneal nor retroperitoneal organs

b. retroperitoneal organs

All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst except: a. internal echoes b. smooth walls c. mural nodules d. septations

b. smooth walls

A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as a: a. calculus granulosis b. staghorn calculus c. twinkle stone d. nephrocalcinotic calculus

b. staghorn calculus

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. ureterocele b. urethritis c. urolithiasis d. ureteropelvic junction obstruction

b. urethritis

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

c. Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed: a. exophyic b. perapelvic c. cortical d. peripelvic

c. cortical

A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as: a. duplicated kidney b. renal hypoplasia c. dromedary hump d. supernumery kidney

c. dromedary hump

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed: a. pylotosis b. pyelonephritis c. pyonephrosis d. emphysematous pyelonephritis

c. pyonephrosis

The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as: a. glisson capsule b. perirenal capsule c. renal capsule d. renal cortex

c. renal capsule

Chronic use of hemodialysis can result in: a. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease c. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease d. acquired renal cystic disease

d. acquired renal cystic disease

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute renal failure? a. hypertension b. diabetes mellitus c. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease d. acute tubular necrosis

d. acute tubular necrosis

What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst? a. hematuria b. quadrant pain c. elevated BUN d. asymptomatic

d. asymptomatic

Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as: a. dromedary hypertrophy b. renal hypoplasia c. supernumery kidney d. compensatory hypertrophy

d. compensatory hypertrophy

All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure except: a. hematuria b. hypertension c. oliguria d. decreased BUN and creatinine

d. decreased BUN and creatinine

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: a. proteinuira b. throat infection c. azotemia d. hypercalcemia

d. hypercalcemia

The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the SMA is the: a. celiac artery b. left renal artery c. right renal vein d. left renal vein

d. left renal vein

Sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by chronic renal failure will appear: a. normal in size with decreased echogenicity b. smaller in size and hypoechoic c. larger in size and more echogenic d. smaller in size and more echogenic

d. smaller in size and more echogenic

Which of the following locations is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged? a. ureteropelvic junction b. midureter c. urethra d. ureterovesicular junction

d. ureterovesicular junction

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: a. urinary tract infections b. urinary calculi c. hyperparathyroidism d. weight loss

d. weight loss