Penny Chapter 7: URINARY TRACT review questions

Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as: a.) ARPKD b.) ADPKD c.) MCDK d.) acquired renal cystic disease

a.) ARPKD

Which of the following is a childhood, autoimmune disorder that results in the development of purple spots not he skin and possible renal failure? a.) Henoch-Schonlein purpura b.) Azotemia c.) von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d.) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephosis

a.) Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD? a.) bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys b.) unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa c.) small, echogenic kidneys d.) numerous, large, complex renal cysts

a.) bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is: a.) candida albicans b.) RCC c.) renal tract obstruction d.) urolithiasis

a.) candida albicans

Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed: a.) exophytic b.) perapelvic c.) cortical d.) peripelvic

a.) exophytic

Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria? a.) hemorrhagic renal cyst b.) milk of calcium renal cyst c.) simple renal cyst d.) angiomyolipoma

a.) hemorrhagic renal cyst

What is the functional unit of the kidney? a.) nephron b.) medulla c.) cortex d.) bowman capsule

a.) nephron

The systemic disordered associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, is: a.) tuberous sclerosis b.) tuberculosis c.) von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d.) MCDK

a.) tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a.) ureteral stricture b.) pregnancy c.) neurogenic bladder d.) uterine leiomyoma

a.) ureteral stricture

Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver? a.) ARPKD b.) ADPKD c.) MCDK d.) acquired renal cystic disease

b.) ADPKD

What of the following would be more indicative of renal artery stenosis? a.) decreased cortical echogenicity b.) a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5 c.) enlarged kidney d.) tardus-pardus waveform upstream to the stenosis

b.) a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5

Which of the following would be considered the most common solid renal mass? a.) renal hematoma b.) angiomyolipoma c.) oncocytoma d.) hypernephroma

b.) angiomyolipoma

Which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis? a.) hemorrhage b.) ascites c.) renal artery stenosis d.) renal vein thrombosis

b.) ascites

Which of the following is the most common cause of CRF? a.) hypertension b.) diabetes mellitus c.) ARPKD d.) acute tubular necrosis

b.) diabetes mellitus

the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is: a.) horseshoe kidney b.) duplicated collecting system c.) renal agensis d.) renal hypoplasia

b.) duplicated collecting system

Suspicion of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures: a.) greater than 2mm b.) less than 1cm c.) greater than 5mm d.) less than 3cm

b.) less than 1cm

What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney? a.) thoracic cavity b.) pelvis c.) contralateral fossa d.) LUQ

b.) pelvis

The kidneys are: a.) intraperitoneal organs b.) retroperitoneal organs c.) both intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs d.) neither intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs

b.) retroperitoneal organs

All of the following are characteristics of a complex cysts except: a.) internal echoes b.) smooth walls c.) mural nodules d.) septations

b.) smooth walls

A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as: a.) calculus granulosis b.) staghorn calculus c.) twinkle stone d.) nephrocalcinotic calculus

b.) staghorn calculus

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a.) ureterocele b.) urethritis c.) urolithiasis d.) ureteropevlic junction obstruction

b.) urethritis

What renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis? a.) MCDK b.) ADPKD c.) acquired renal cystic disease d.) ARPKD

c.) acquired renal cystic disease

A female patient presents with a history of leukocytosis, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. Sonographically, the kidneys appear normal, although the bladder wall measures 6mm in the distended state. What is the most likely diagnosis? a.) glomerulonephritis b.) xanthogranulomatous pyelonephrosis c.) cystitis d.) TCC of the bladder

c.) cystitis

A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as: a.) duplicated kidney b.) renal hypoplasia c.) dromedary hump d.) supernumerary kidney

c.) dromedary hump

Which of the following would not be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure? a.) oliguria b.) proteinuria c.) hypotension d.) elevated creatinine

c.) hypotension

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed: a.) pylotosis b.) pyelonephrosis c.) pyonephrosis d.) emphysematous pyelonephrosis

c.) pyonephrosis

The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as: a.) glisson capsule b.) perirenal capsule c.) renal capsule d.) renal cortex

c.) renal capsule

Which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication? a.) the upper pole of the kidney suffers from reflux b.) the lower pole suffers from obstruction because of a varicocele c.) the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele d.) the lower pole suffers from reflux and hypertrophy

c.) the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: a.) tuberous sclerosis b.) tuberculosis c.) von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d.) MCDK

c.) von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

A renal scar most likely appears as: a.) a hypoechoic mass in the renal parenchyma b.) a linear anechoic space in the renal cortex c.) a hyperechoic, rounded structure within the renal pyramid that shadows d.) a echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

d.) a echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

Which of the following is the most common cause of ARF? a.) hypertension b.) diabetes mellitus c.) ARPKD d.) acute tubular necrosis

d.) acute tubular necrosis

What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst? a.) hematuria b.) quadrant pain c.) elevated BUN d.) asymptomatic

d.) asymptomatic

Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as: a.) dromedary hypertrophy b.) renal hypoplasia c.) supernumerary kidney d.) compensatory hypertrophy

d.) compensatory hypertrophy

All of the following are clinical findings of ARF except: a.) hematuria b.) hypertension c.) oliguria d.) decreased BUN and creatinine

d.) decreased BUN and creatinine

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: a.) proteinuria b.) throat infection c.) azotemia d.) hypercalcemia

d.) hypercalcemia

The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the SMA is the: a.) celiac artery b.) left renal artery c.) right renal vein d.) left renal vein

d.) left renal vein

What is the most likely located of TCC in the kidney? a.) coretx b.) medulla c.) minor calyx d.) renal pelvis

d.) renal pelvis

Sonographically, compared to the normal kidneys, those affected by CRF will appear: a.) normal in size with a decreased echogenicity b.) smaller in size and hypoechoic c.) larger in size and more echogenic d.) smaller in size and more echogenic

d.) smaller in size and more echogenic

What is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged? a.) ureteropelvic junction b.) midureter c.) urethra d.) ureterovesicular junction

d.) ureterovesicular junction

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: a.) urinary tract infections b.) urinary calculi c.) hyperparathyroidism d.) weight loss

d.) weight loss