Permit part 2

DRUGS

Almost any drug can affect your driving skill. This is true of prescription drugs and drugs you can buy without prescription. • Most drugs taken for headaches, colds, hay fever, allergy, or to calm your nerves can make you drowsy and can affect your control of the vehicle. • Most pills, "uppers," and diet pills may make you more alert for a short time; but later, they can make you nervous, dizzy, and unable to concentrate. They can also affect your vision. • Studies have shown that people who use marijuana make more mistakes and are arrested more often than other drivers. Also, their eyes have more trouble adjusting to headlight glare.

MERGE

Any time you merge with other traffic, you need a space of six seconds. That gives both you and the vehicle behind you a three-second following distance.

VISIBILITY

Compared to trucks and cars, motorcycles are quite small. For this reason, they are often not noticed by other drivers. Some drivers may not spot or even think to look for motorcyclists traveling in their blind spots. REMEMBER — OTHER DRIVERS MAY NOT SEE YOU!

PERFORMANCE TEST

During the motorcycle performance test, the applicant will be required to maneuver through the cones as illustrated in the following diagrams.

WHAT IF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER STOPS YOU?

If you are stopped by a law enforcement officer, you may be asked to take a chemical test of the alcohol in your body. Under the "Implied Consent" law, anyone who operates a motor vehicle in Kentucky consents to take a chemical test if arrested for DUI (Driving While Under the Influence of Intoxicating beverages or other substance which may impair one's driving ability). If you take the test, the reading will be used in court as evidence. If you refuse, your license may be revoked even if you are not convicted of the DUI charge or any other violations. Law Enforcement will signal that you are being pulled over by following your vehicle with emergency lights activated. Acknowledge the officer and make clear your intentions to stop by activating the vehicle's flashers and pull over to the right side of the road, as soon as you can, in a safe manner. As you prepare to stop with your flashers on, think "safety first" for both yourself and the officer while considering surrounding traffic and environmental hazards. Try to stop in a location with a wide shoulder so passing traffic is not a danger, as well as leaving room for the Officer to approach your vehicle. If it's nighttime, look for a well-lit area if possible. Parking lots and well-lit side streets are good options to pull over, if available nearby. While trying to find a safe place to pull over, do not travel a long distance or take several minutes to stop your vehicle as Law Enforcement could perceive that as potential fleeing behavior. If you need to cross multiple lanes of traffic to pull over to the right-hand side of the road, please do so safely. Once you stop your vehicle, follow these steps to ensure your safety and that of the officer(s): • Turn off your ignition • Completely roll down your driver's side window • Keep your hands at the ten and two o'clock positions on your steering wheel • Do not start searching for your driver's license, registration, and insurance information until the police officer asks you to do so. When asked to do so, provide the officer with your driver's license, registration, and insurance information • Do not get out of the car unless you are directed by an officer to do so • If it's dark outside, turn on your interior dome light If you are issued a ticket, do not argue with the officer and be polite. Be cordial and courteous while maintaining a conversational tone. Remain composed and focus on what the officer says while maintaining eye contact. Roadside traffic stops are not the proper method to direct complaints or resolve disputes. There are various reasons why an officer could ask you to get out of your vehicle. This does not guarantee that you are being arrested, or even accused of a crime. If the officer requests for you to get out of the vehicle, it is for your safety and theirs. Carefully follow all instructions you are given. Even if you believe you have not committed a violation, there may be a crime that was committed involving a vehicle with a similar description. Law Enforcement will investigate and determine if any violations have been committed. Be patient and consider the time it takes for the officer to investigate and arrive at a conclusion. Once the officer has indicated the traffic stop is finished, please follow these steps while driving away to ensure your safety and that of the officer(s): • Wait for the officer to return to the police vehicle • Be aware of traffic and your surroundings • Use your turn signal • Watch for departing police vehicle • Obey all traffic laws

AGGRAVATED CIRCUMSTANCES

Mandatory jail time will be waiting for anyone convicted of DUI while: • Operating a motor vehicle in excess of 30 mph above the posted speed limit. • Operating a motor vehicle in the wrong direction on a limited-access highway. • Operating a motor vehicle that causes a collision resulting in death or serious physical injury. • Operating a motor vehicle while the alcohol concentration in the operator's blood or breath is .15 BAC or more within two hours of cessation of operation of a motor vehicle. • Refusing to take a blood, breath, or urine test requested by a police officer. • Operating a motor vehicle while transporting a passenger under the age of 12 years old.

SHARING SPACE

MergewithTraffic. • Cross or Enter Traffic. • PassOtherVehicles. When you make any of these movements, you must yield the right-of-way to other vehicles.

ONE-HAND BUTTON SYSTEM

Park. Depress button near the ignition. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

TWO-HAND BUTTON SYSTEM

Park. This system requires two hands. Depress button below the steering column. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

Kentucky law requires

That a pass be completed before reaching the beginning of a "no passing zone." • That a pass be completed when within 100 feet of an oncoming vehicle. • If you are still in the left lane when you reach the "no passing zone," you are violating the law.

BICYCLES

Traffic laws, highway signs, rules-of-the-road, and safety requirements apply to bicycles the same as other vehicles. Not all people ride bicycles, but as a driver you must be aware of their rules and regulations. This section includes: • BicycleLaws. • Rules for Cyclists. • Rules for Motorists.

TURNING

When rounding a corner or turn, lean into the turn. On wet or slippery surfaces, lean as little as possible and reduce speed

PASS

Whenever you pass a vehicle on a two-lane road, you must enter a lane that belongs to oncoming vehicles. At highway speeds of 50 to 55 miles per hour, you need from 10 to 12 seconds to complete a pass. That means you need a 10- to 12-second gap in oncoming traffic to pass safely.

JUDGING DISTANCES.

You can see clearly and still not be able to judge distances. Good distance judgment is important in knowing how far you are from other objects.

PRESUMPTIONS OF LAW (KRS 189A.010)

% Blood-Alcohol "Under the Influence?" .00 to .02 Presumed "Yes" under 21 .00 to .05 Presumed Not .06 to .07 No Presumption .08 or more Presumed "Yes"

• GOOD SIDE VISION.

. You need to see "out of the corner of your eye." This lets you spot vehicles creeping up on either side of you while you are looking straight ahead.

Power Steering Failure: If the engine dies

1. 2. 3. Put the vehicle in neutral and try to start it quickly. If this is not practical, or if the vehicle does not start, then — Stop the vehicle. You may have to push hard if your vehicle has power brakes. Restart the engine.

Driving onto a low shoulder

1. Reduce your speed. 2. Return to the pavement at no more than 5 miles per hour. 3. Do not over-correct steering. 4. Grip steering wheel and gradually steer onto pavement.

Hood Latch Failure: If your hood suddenly flies up

1. Slow down. 2. Try to look under the hood to see. If you cannot — 3. Put your head out the window and look around the hood. Use the center line or the lane marking as a guide. 4. Brake and pull off to the side of the road, to the right if possible, and stop.

Vehicle Approaching in your lane

1. Sound your horn. 2. Brakesharply. 3. Steer for the shoulder or ditch if necessary.

PASSENGERS OR BUNDLES.

A motorcycle becomes less maneuverable as more weight is added to it. With increased weight, it is more difficult to keep upright and properly balanced. A heavy load also increases stopping distance and makes it harder to start at intersections. Avoid carrying heavy bundles or passengers, if possible. If it is unavoidable, take these precautions to make it safer: Carry parcels in a luggage carrier or in a saddlebag; instruct the passenger to lean with the rider, keep feet on the footrests, and to place hands on the rider's hips. Passengers or bundles should never be carried in front of the cyclist.

HEALTH

Any health problem can affect your driving — a bad cold, infection, or a virus. Even minor problems like a stiff neck, a cough, or a sore leg can also affect driving. If you are not "up to par," let someone else drive

HAZARDS TO MOTORCYCLISTS

CHILDREN. Children and animals may dart in the path of motorcycles. Be especially careful in school and residential areas.

HANDLING SKIDS

Drivers must develop the skill to regain control of their vehicle when a loss of traction occurs and the vehicle begins to skid. Drivers who fail to gain these skills respond to a skid by panicking, stomping on the brake, and then steering too much. These actions will only make the skid worse and often result in a vehicle collision, which could be fatal. If your vehicle begins to skid, here is how to regain control: • Release the brake or accelerator. If you are skidding in a straight line and have to use the brakes, DO NOT brake hard. This will only lock your wheels and make the skid worse. You should pump the brakes gently unless your vehicle is equipped with anti-lock brakes, in which case you should apply steady pressure. Your brakes will work the best and stop you quicker if they are not locked up. • If you begin to skid sideways, you need to turn the wheel in the direction the back of the vehicle is skidding. This will allow the front of the vehicle to line up with the back. • As soon as the vehicle begins to straighten out, turn the wheel back to prevent the vehicle from skidding in the opposite direction. • Continue to correct your steering, left and right, until you recover completely from the skid. The most important vehicle control to use during a skid is the steering wheel.Both hands should remain on the steering wheel at all times except when it is necessary to use one hand for some other driving task.

KEEPING IN SHAPE

Driving is one of the most complex things that people do. To do it well takes a lot of skill and judgment. When you are a new driver, it takes all the ability you have. If anything happens to lower your physical or mental ability, you cannot drive as well. Your ability to drive is affected by: • Drinking • Drugs • Combining Drugs and/or Alcohol • Vision and Hearing Alertness • Health • Emotions

UNATTENDED CHILDREN

Each year children are injured or tragically die as a result of being left unattended in a vehicle. When you leave a child in the vehicle alone, with the keys in the ignition, you risk the child moving the vehicle and causing a collision. When you leave a small child in the vehicle for an extended time during hot weather, you risk the life of that child: Kentucky Law states it is ILLEGAL to leave a child under the age of eight (8) years in a motor vehicle under circumstances which manifest an extreme indifference to human life and which create a grave risk of death to the child, thereby causing the death. There are several statues in Kentucky Law that makes it illegal to endanger the life or health of a child

VISION AND HEARING

Good vision is necessary for driving. Most of what you do behind the wheel is based on what you see.

WIND

Gusty winds are usually a hazard to the cyclist. These winds can be a product of nature or semi-trailer trucks. The sudden and often unexpected intensity of a gust of wind may cause loss of control.

DRINKING AND DRIVING

In Kentucky intoxicating beverages (beer, whiskey, wine, etc.) are involved to some extent in some 40 percent of collisions fatal to pedestrians, about 48 percent of collisions fatal to drivers, and a factor in 72 percent of the fatal collisions in which only one car was involved. Nationally, thousands of people die each year in alcohol-related collisions. If you drink even a small amount, your chances of having a collision are greater than if you were not drinking.

• EPILEPSY.

In Kentucky, a person subject to seizures is not allowed to drive unless a physician certifies that the individual has been seizure-free for 90 days and is under medical supervision.

CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS

Kentucky Law states: Any driver of a motor vehicle, when transporting a child of forty (40) inches in height or less in a motor vehicle operated on the roadways, streets, and highways of this state, shall have the child properly secured in a child restraint system of a type meeting federal motor vehicle safety standards. Any person who violates the provisions of Kentucky's Child Restraint Law shall be fined fifty dollars ($50) and shall pay an additional fee of ten dollars ($10) which shall be deposited in the Traumatic Brain Injury Trust Fund. Proper installation of the Child Safety Seat is your first priority. The Safety Seat will not provide the maximum protection if not properly installed. The Safety Seat should ideally be placed in the middle of the rear seat and anchored to prevent any movement in the event of a collision. Assistance with the installation of your Child Safety Seat may be found at a Child Safety Seat Inspection Site at your local Kentucky State Police Post.

BEING SEEN.

Many accidents with other vehicles occur simply because the cyclist was not seen by other drivers. Using your motorcycle headlights and wearing proper clothing that include bright colors, will make you more visible and therefore somewhat safer. As a result of not being seen, most accidents involving a motorcycle happen at intersections.

GOOD NIGHT VISION

Many people who can see clearly in the daytime have trouble seeing at night. Some people cannot make things out in dim light. Others may have trouble with the glare of headlights. o It is important to have your eyes checked every year or two. You may never know about a slowly- developing vision problem unless your eyes are checked periodically.

Signs and markings

Many roads have lane markings that tell you when passing is legal or illegal. You may NOT pass when there is a solid line on your side of the broken line of the road. • You may pass if there is a solid yellow line on the left side of the broken yellow line. • Pass only if there are no oncoming vehicles. • Signs are also used to tell you when passing is legal or illegal.

PROTECTING YOURSELF AND YOUR PASSENGERS

No one can be completely protected from being in a collision. None of us can predict what other drivers will do. During an average lifetime of driving, we face a one-in-three chance of being seriously injured or killed in a motor-vehicle collision. Your best protection against serious injury or death in a collision is your safety belt.

BLIND SPOT.

The cause of most motorcycle/motor-vehicle collisions is due to the cyclist not being seen by the other driver. For this reason, cyclists must always keep out of a driver's blind spot. To be seen on the open road, turn your headlight on.

PARKED CARS.

The cyclist must always scan ahead for possible dangers, such as drivers and passengers stepping out of or from between parked vehicles into the lane of traffic. This is one reason to drive in the left third of the lane.

by night

The reflective red border of the symbol will glow in the headlights of an approaching vehicle

WHAT IF YOU HAVE TOO MUCH?

There is no way to sober up quickly. Coffee, fresh air, exercise, or cold showers will not help. Sleep will not help either, except to pass the time. Time is the only thing that will sober you up.

HANDLING EMERGENCIES

Try to avoid getting into a situation where emergency maneuvers are required. You can do this by anticipating problems. However, there are some cases where the ability to handle emergencies is required. This section provides you with information on: • Handling Slippery Surfaces. • HandlingEmergencies. • AvoidingCollisions. • Use of Seat Belts. • Collisions.

BRAKING

Under normal stopping conditions, use both front and rear brakes. Avoid using the front brake only, because this causes the motorcycle to dip and may cause the cycle to skid, especially if the surface is slippery because of moisture, gravel, or sand. Keep both brakes properly adjusted. If you are riding an unfamiliar motorcycle, test the brakes before starting.

RAILROAD TRACKS, TROLLEY TRACKS AND PAVEMENT SEAMS.

Usually it is safer to ride straight within your lane to cross tracks. Turning to take tracks head-on (at a 90 angle) can be more dangerous - your path may carry you into another lane of traffic. For track and road seams that run parallel to your course, move far enough away from tracks, ruts, or pavement seams to cross at an angle of at least 45. Then, make a deliberate turn. Edging across could catch your tires and throw you off balance.

FOLLOWING

When following a vehicle, ride near the left third of the lane. Never follow too closely, as this reduces the ability to stop safely and to see road and traffic conditions ahead.

ENTER

Whenever you cross or enter traffic from a complete stop, you need a larger space to reach an appropriate driving speed. When entering from a stream of traffic, you need more time to reach the speed of other vehicles. When you cross through traffic, you need enough room to get all the way across, not just halfway.

• HEARING

more important to driving than many people realize. Your hearing can warn you of danger — the sound of horns, a siren, screeching tires, etc. Sometimes you can hear vehicles that you cannot see. Hearing problems, like bad eyesight, can occur so slowly that you do not notice them. Drivers who know they are deaf or have hearing problems can adjust. They can learn to rely more on their visual abilities. • Someone with a hearing problem who does not know it is taking a chance each time he drives. A person may never know about a hearing problem unless he has his hearing tested periodically.

If you have pulled into the emergency lane and wish to reenter traffic

speed up in the emergency lane, if possible, prior to pulling onto the roadway.

MOPEDS

supporting a fuel tank so long as it also has pedals, or a motorized bicycle with a step-through type frame which may or may not have pedals, rated no more than two (2) brake horsepower, a cylinder capacity not exceeding fifty (50) cubic centimeters, an automatic transmission not requiring clutching or shifting by the operator after the drive system is engaged, and capable of a maximum speed of not more than thirty (30) miles per hour. First time applicants for a moped license must be at least 16 years old and complete a driver license application. You will only be required to pass the general knowledge and vision tests to be issued a moped license. A skills test and permit are not required. Persons already having a valid operator's license or permit do not have to apply for a moped license.

If it involves a parked vehicle

try to find the owner. If you cannot, leave a note where it can be seen. The note should contain: Your name and address. Your driver's license number. License plate number. Date and time of accident.

Animal runs in front of your car

1. Brake 2. Steer to avoid the animal only if it can be done safely.

Tire Failure (Blowout)

1. Grip the steering wheel. 2. Brakelightly. 3. Pull off the roadway, to the right if possible.

Accelerator Sticks: vehicle keeps going faster and faster

1. Keep your eyes on the road. 2. Quickly shift to neutral. 3. Pull off the road as soon as you can, to the right if possible, and bring your vehicle to a stop. 4. Turn off the engine.

Brake failure: If your brakes suddenly give out

1. Pump the brake pedal rapidly and hard several times. This will often build up enough brake pressure to stop the car. If that does not work — 2. Use the parking brake, but hold the brake release so you can let off the brake if the rear wheels lock and you begin to skid. If that does not work — 3. Shift to a lower gear and look for a place to slow to a stop. 4. Make sure the vehicle is completely off the roadway, to the right if possible. 5. 5. After the vehicle has stopped, wait for help. Do not try to drive the vehicle to a garage.

Wet Brakes: If you have to go through a lot of water

1. Test brakes lightly. 2. Brakes may pull to one side or may not work at all. 3. Dry brakes by driving slowly in low gear and applying brakes lightly.

Breakdown on Interstate Highways

1. Turn on your emergency flashers. 2. Park your vehicle on the shoulder, as far to the right as possible. 3. Do not work too near the edge of the driving lane. 4. If someone is with you, have him keep an eye on traffic, or do it yourself. 5. Avoid standing behind the car or between two cars

Headlight Failure: If your headlights suddenly go out

1. Turn the dimmer switch off then put them on again. 2. Try the headlight switch a few times. 3. If that does not help, put on the parking lights, emergency flashers, or turn signals. 4. Pull off the road as quickly as possible, and leave the emergency flashers on. You should pull to the right, if possible.

KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE

A motorcyclist must follow other vehicles at a safe distance. Heavier cycles require a longer stopping distance than lighter cycles. Stopping distance is also increased when the pavement is wet or slippery. It is very important to keep a safe margin when following another vehicle. A safe distance can be determined by using a four second count. A three-second count is explained earlier under "Keeping A Space Cushion." It is safer for a motorcyclist to use a four-second distance than the three-second distance for other vehicles, because a motorcycle requires a longer stopping distance.

RULES FOR MOTORISTS CONCERNING BICYCLES

A motorist must: • Share the road with bicycles. • Before passing a cyclist, look to see if there is loose debris on the pavement that might cause them to move into the center of the lane. Pass a cyclist only when it can be done safely, and give ample room (3 feet) between your car and the cyclist. Realize the air turbulence your vehicle can create at high speeds or in windy weather. Give the cyclist extra room if your vehicle has extended outside rearview mirrors. Return to the lane only when you are safely clear of the overtaken bicyclist. • Look for cyclists. Because of their narrow profile you will need to develop your eye-scanning patterns to include bicyclists. • When you are turning right after passing a cyclist, leave ample room so you don't cut him off when you slow for your turn. • When opening your car door, check behind for cyclists. • At night be extra alert and don't use your high beams, for they will temporarily blind the cyclist. Remember, bicyclists are not special and privileged. They have the same rights, rules, and responsibilities as all other highway users.SELECT a bicycle with proper equipment for safety. Keep the bike in good condition.

SLOW-MOVING VEHICLE SYMBOL

A slow moving vehicle is a vehicle moving 25 miles per hour or less. In most cases this will be farm- operated equipment or horse drawn carriages. All slow-moving vehicles are required to display a slow- moving emblem or reflective tape to the rear of the vehicle. • During the day, you will see the fluorescent orange triangle in the center of the symbol. • During night driving, you will see the reflective red border of the symbol when approaching from the rear. You should use extreme caution when approaching slow-moving vehicles, especially horse-drawn carriages. Horses can sometimes become frightened by fast approaching automobiles. Courtesy should be extended to the operator of these carriages. You should use the following guidelines: • Before passing, drivers should approach the carriage slowly and pass only when safe to do so or motioned by the carriage driver. • Blowing the vehicle horn should be avoided so the animal will not be frightened. • Drivers should also watch for hand signals from the carriage operator indicating turns. • When meeting a horse-drawn carriage, the same precautions should be taken.

HANDLING SLIPPERY SURFACES

A stretch of road that is safe under most conditions can become dangerous when covered with rain, ice, or snow. If you are driving at an excessive speed or going downhill, these slippery conditions can cause the vehicle to lose traction and begin to skid or to "hydroplane." Hydroplaning occurs when your tires are skimming across the water on a wet roadway and not contacting the actual roadway surface. To avoid hydroplaning, drive with properly-inflated tires that have good tread and reduce your speed. If you see that you are about to drive over a slippery surface, or if you think the vehicle has started to hydroplane: • Remove your foot gradually from the accelerator or brake pedal. • Do not try to stop rapidly or turn quickly until your speed has slowed and your tires have regained traction with the roadway. • Pump your brakes gently, unless your vehicle is equipped with anti-lock brakes, in which case you should apply steady pressure. During poor weather conditions, drivers need to anticipate the possibility of slippery roadways and drive cautiously. Just because the road is currently clear doesn't mean it will be clear of ice, snow, or standing water around the next curve. Be prepared. Changes in the weather call for changes in driving. Be careful at all times and SLOW DOWN.

MOTORCYCLES

All traffic laws and regulations apply equally to passenger car and motorcycle operators. To qualify for a motorcycle operator's license, you must learn the information contained throughout this entire manual. Many motorcycle dealers have free literature on riding tips, which may also be helpful to you. A person who possesses a valid intermediate motor vehicle operator's license issued under KRS 186.452 or a person who is at least eighteen (18) years of age may apply for an instruction permit to operate a motorcycle. If the person is under the age of eighteen (18), the instruction permit application shall be signed by the applicant's parent, legal guardian or person willing to assume responsibility. This is true even if the parent or legal guardian has already signed the Driver License Application allowing the minor to drive a moped or automobile. In this section, emphasis will be on: • Laws. • OperatorRequirements. • VehicleRequirements. • SafetyTips.

When to pass

An oncoming vehicle. • A hill or a curve. • Anintersection. • A roadway obstruction. • Oncoming Vehicles. At highway speeds you will travel 800 feet in 10 to 12 seconds. So will oncoming vehicles. That means you need over 1600 feet or approximately one-third of a mile to pass safely at highway speeds. Different situations require various distances to pass safely. Regardless of the situation, you should never pass when there is oncoming traffic, particularly if the oncoming vehicle would have to slow down or pull over in order for you to complete your pass. • Hills and Curves. Any time your view is blocked by a curve or a hill, you should assume that there is an oncoming vehicle just out of sight. Therefore, you should treat a curve or a hill as you do an oncoming car. This means you should not start to pass when approaching a hill or a curve. • Intersections: It is dangerous to pass where someone may enter or cross the road. Such places include crossroads and congested areas, business and shopping areas, school zones, parks, playgrounds, and pedestrian crossings. While you are passing, your view of people and traffic may be blocked by the vehicle you are passing. Also, other drivers turning onto the roadway into the le lane may not expect to find you in the le lane. • Lane Restrictions: Before you pass, look ahead for road or other conditions that may cause other traffic to move into your lane. Make sure someone is not going to pull in front of you from a private drive or intersection. • Space to Return: Never pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to return. Do not depend on having enough time to pass several vehicles at once or rely on other drivers to make room for you. Before you return to the driving lane, be sure to leave enough room between you and the vehicle you have passed. One way to do this is to look for the vehicle in the inside rearview mirror. When you see the vehicle, you have enough room to return to the driving lane.

Collision exceeding 500

Any person operating a motor vehicle on the highways of this state who is involved in an accident resulting in any property damage exceeding $500 in which an investigation is not conducted by a law enforcement officer, shall file a written report of the accident with the Department of State Police within ten days of occurrence of the accident, using forms provided by the Department. Send this report to address listed below. This must be done within ten days after the accident, regardless of who is at fault. Such a report is NOT necessary if the police have made a report. Kentucky State Police 1266 Louisville Road Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

To turn quickly to the left:

Best hand position for Driving, Turn the steering wheel to the left as far as necessary to avoid the obstacle, As you clear the obstacle, turn steering wheel right as far as necessary to get back into your lane, As you return to your lane, turn the steering wheel left to straighten the vehicle.

COMBINING DRUGS AND ALCOHOL

Combining alcohol and drugs, even over-the-counter drugs, is very dangerous, and the results of this combination are unpredictable. Your driving ability may be impaired; and in certain combinations, alcohol and drugs may result in death. You should avoid taking any drugs before driving which is labeled "may cause drowsiness or dizziness." Kentucky law prohibits driving under the influence of alcohol and/or other substances that may impair one's driving ability, such as prescription drugs or over-the-counter drugs.

FIRST AID TO ACCIDENT VICTIMS

By prompt and proper action you may be able to assist in saving a life or in easing pain and suffering of persons who have been injured in traffic or other mishaps. • Summon trained and skilled help. If possible, call emergency medical personnel and notify a peace officer. You should clearly and correctly state the place of the accident so that emergency personnel can find you easily. • Only in life-threatening emergencies should you try to remove an individual from a collision. • If possible, wait for an E.M.T. or ambulance rather than attempt to remove an individual from a COLLISION. • Keep the victim warm by covering him with a blanket or coat if necessary.

RIGHT-OF-WAY.

Even though the right-of-way is yours, it may be necessary to yield. The cyclist nearly always loses in a collision with a larger vehicle. Remember, others may not see you.

KENTUCKY MOTORCYCLE LAW

Definition: Kentucky law defines a motorcycle as any motor-driven vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the operator and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, but excluding tractors and vehicles on which the operator and passengers ride in an enclosed cab, and excluding a moped. Motor bikes, mini bikes, and any other small vehicles may not be operated upon the street or highway without first meeting the requirements for a regular motor vehicle, such as registration plate; and the operator must have a license to operate the vehicle. The only place a driver may legally ride or operate this type of vehicle without an operator's license and other safety equipment is on private property.

• DIABETES.

Diabetics on insulin should not drive when there is any danger of going into shock. This danger could result from skipping a meal or snack, or from taking the wrong amount of insulin. It is a good idea to have a friend or relative drive for you during times when your doctor is checking and adjusting the insulin dosage. Anyone with diabetes should also have regular vision exams to check for possible night blindness.

REPEAT OFFENDERS

Drivers convicted of a second or subsequent DUI will forfeit their license plates to the courts during the period of time in which the driver license is suspended. The court may order an ignition interlock device to be installed on the violator's vehicle after the driver serves a suspension period of at least one year. The ignition interlock device prevents a driver from operating that vehicle if the driver's breath-alcohol concentration exceeds .02.

STEERING LOCKS AND LOCKING SYSTEMS

The spring-loaded steering lock has been standard equipment on most vehicles worldwide since 1969. It serves as an auto theft device. Be cautious with vehicles with steering-lock devices. Never turn your ignition key to the lock position while the vehicle is in motion. That will cause the steering to lock and result in loss of vehicle control.

COLLISIONS

If you are involved in a collision: • Stop your vehicle at or near the crash scene. Stay there until the police have arrived and questioned everyone involved. • In accordance with KRS 189.580 (1)(b), when involved in a non-injury accident move the damaged vehicles to the shoulder of the roadway • Get the names and addresses of all people involved in the collision and any witnesses. • Record the following information regarding any other operator(s) involved in the collision: • Name, address, and license number from the operator's license. • Vehicle registration number. • Make, model, and year of vehicle. • License plate number. • Insurance company name and number. • List of damage to vehicle. • Record exactly what happened immediately before and after the collision. Later you may not remember everything correctly. • Always contact the police if there is an injury, death, or vehicle and property damage exceeding $500.

VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS

It is unlawful to operate or ride as a passenger on a motorcycle which does not have a seat or footrest permanently attached, both being specifically designed to carry passengers in a safe manner. • Equipment Required: Rearview mirror, one headlight (high and low beam), taillight, horn, muffler, tailpipe, brake light, front and rear brakes, proof of liability insurance, good tires, and registration. Turn signals are now required, if they were part of the factory equipment for that model.

Seeing clearly

If you cannot see clearly, you cannot judge distance or spot trouble, so you will not be able to do anything about it. •

Safety belts

Kentucky Law states: No person shall operate a motor vehicle manufactured after 1981 on the public roadways of this state unless the driver and all passengers are wearing a properly adjusted and fastened safety belt. The driver is responsible for assuring that he and all passengers in the vehicle are properly restrained. The proper use of safety belts is important. Use both the lap and the shoulder belt. The lap belt should be low and snug across the hips, not high on the abdomen. The shoulder belt should cross the collarbone and should never be placed behind your back. Seat Belt Law is primary in Kentucky and drivers can be stopped by law enforcement officers if observed driving while not wearing seat belts.

BICYCLE LAWS

Kentucky law states that cyclists shall: "Be granted all the rights and be subject to all the duties" applicable to drivers of any vehicle. A bicycle is a vehicle, not a toy, and, as such, must obey the traffic rules and regulations pertaining to all highway users. Motorists should regard bicyclists as they would any other vehicle. A signal is required for a vehicle that is not a motor vehicle and may be given by either hand signals, signal lamps, or mechanical signal devices. The signal shall be given intermittently for the last fifty (50) feet traveled by the vehicle before the turn. Hand signals shall be executed in the following manner when operating a vehicle that is not a motor vehicle: The hand and arm shall be extended horizontally from the left side of the vehicle to indicate a left turn; The arm shall be extended horizontally from the left of the vehicle with the left hand and arm extended upward from the elbow, or the right arm and hand shall be extended horizontally to indicate a right turn. Either arm shall be extended horizontally with the hand and arm extended downward from the elbow to indicate a stop or decrease in speed. Some counties have local traffic laws called ordinances. These control the operation and parking of bicycles within city limits. As a driver, it is important for you to know what they are and to obey them at all times.

OPERATION

Mopeds are a little more complicated to ride and operate than bicycles, but considerably simpler than motorcycles. Familiarity with controls can be learned by operating the vehicle in a parking lot or other off-street area. Since mopeds are not easily seen in the traffic flow, it is vital that the operator surround himself with as large a "space cushion" as possible. Riding with the headlight on and bike flags will help others see you. Moped operators are not required to wear helmets or eye-protection devices, but they are strongly recommended. Mopeds CANNOT be operated on limited-access highways where the minimum speed is more than thirty (30) miles per hour.

AIRBAGS

Most vehicles are equipped with one or more airbags to supplement the safety belts. Airbags reduce the likelihood that the occupant's head or torso will strike some portion of the vehicle's interior. Airbags are designed to inflate if the sensors detect a significant frontal collision. The airbags deploy at speeds of 160 to 200 miles per hour, and the entire deployment process takes about 1/20th of a second — faster than the blink of an eye. In the event your airbag deploys, it is common for a powder-like substance to fill the vehicle compartment. This substance is only a drying agent for the airbag but could be mistaken for smoke. If your vehicle is equipped with an airbag, there are some things you should remember to avoid serious injury: • Move the seat back. The driver's seat should be as far back from the dashboard as possible while still being able to operate the vehicle safely. The passenger seat should also be set back as far as possible. • Drivers should place their hands on the outside of the steering wheel — never across the steering wheel where the airbag deploys. • Children 12 years of age and under should ride in the back seat in a safety belt or child-restraint system. THE RISK TO CHILDREN FROM AIRBAGS CAN BE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED IF CHILDREN ARE IN THE BACK SEAT. • Infants in rear-facing child safety restraint systems should NEVER ride in the front seat of a vehicle with the passenger side airbags enabled. Turn off the airbag if your vehicle is equipped with the factory installed disabling switch.

EXPOSURE AND THE MOTORCYCLIST

Motorcycle operators lack protection. They have little protection against bad weather and even less protection against injuries that might be caused by falls or by collisions with other vehicles or objects.

PASSING

Never pass to the right of another vehicle on a two-lane road. A cycle may be smaller than other vehicles, but all rules and regulations still pertain to it as though it were an automobile.

POSITION

POSITION. The best lane position for seeing and being seen is the left third of the lane. 1. On a two-lane roadway, ride on the left portion of your lane. 2. On a four-lane roadway, when alone, ride on the left half of the right lane, or on the right half of the inside lane. 3. When riding in a group, you should ride in a staggered position, and never side by side.

LEVER SYSTEM

Park. Depress lever located near the ignition. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

TRANSMISSION PARK SYSTEM

Park. Shift the transmission into the "park" position. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

TURN-AND-REMOVE SYSTEM

Park. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

PUSH-IN SYSTEM

Park. Turn key to OFF, push in. Turn key to LOCK and remove.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Passengers and operators alike should wear protective clothing in addition to the required safety equipment. Since approximately 60 percent of all cycle fatalities are from head injuries, it is important that cyclists wear a protective helmet with a chinstrap. Clothing made from heavy material, such as leather, gives more protection in a motorcycle mishap. Good common sense demands that cyclists wear shoes at all times. In fact, heavy leather shoes or boots should be preferred over tennis shoes.

OPERATOR/PASSENGER REQUIREMENTS

The driver/operator must have: • A valid motor vehicle operator's license with a valid motorcycle operator's endorsement thereon, a motorcycle license, or an instruction permit to operate a motorcycle, before operating a motorcycle upon any public roadway in Kentucky. • A motorcycle operator authorized to drive a motorcycle on an instruction permit shall not be authorized to carry passengers. • The operator must use an approved eye-protection device, in the manner prescribed by the Transportation Cabinet, and both operator and passenger must wear approved protective headgear anytime the vehicle is in motion. • A person may operate without a helmet if he is over 21 and has held a motorcycle license for one year or more. Passengers must be 21 or over to ride without a helmet. Persons under 21, or those who have held their licenses for less than one year, must still wear protective headgear.

HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTORCYCLES

The handling characteristics of a motorcycle are different from those of four-wheeled vehicles. For example, motorcycles are particularly vulnerable to weather and road-surface conditions. Like bicycles, motorcycles are not very stable. They can easily be spilled (tipped over).

WHAT IS YOUR LIMIT?

The minimum blood-alcohol concentration at which a person is presumed to be under the influence of intoxicants in the State of Kentucky is .08%. The minimum blood-alcohol for CDL drivers is .04%. The .08 level is a "per se" violation, which means that it is illegal to operate a vehicle in Kentucky with a blood-alcohol concentration at that level. Under this definition, a prosecutor does not have to prove impairment of the driver. The level for DUI for those under 21 years of age remains at .02%. Blood-alcohol concentration is determined by a Breathalyzer or other chemical tests. "Under the influence" means that due to drinking alcoholic beverages a person has lost (to some degree) the clearness of mind and self-control that he would otherwise possess. Loss of judgment, vision, and skill may occur long before obvious symptoms of intoxication. Even one drink will affect your driving. Experts advise that it takes your body approximately one hour to burn up one ounce of alcohol.

The advantages of wearing your safety belts are:

They will keep you inside the vehicle during a rollover. Your chances of surviving a crash are five times greater if you stay inside the protection of your vehicle. • They hold you in your seated position during sudden stops and turns and prevent you from impacting the steering wheel or dashboard during a collision. You should realize that your body moves toward the steering wheel or dashboard during a frontal collision. If you are not belted in properly and you are traveling at 55 miles per hour when the collision occurs, your body will impact the steering wheel or dashboard at the same speed. The odds of you surviving this type of crash without proper safety belt usage are small.

MOTORCYCLE SAFETY EDUCATION PROGRAM

This program shall offer motorcycle rider training courses designed to develop and instill knowledge, attitudes, habits, and skills necessary for the proper operation of a motorcycle. Rider training courses shall be open to any resident of the state who either holds a current valid driver's license for any classification or holds a motorcycle instruction permit. Applicants for a motorcycle driver's license will be exempted from the licensing skills test if they present satisfactory evidence of successful completion of a Justice and Public Safety Cabinet approved rider training course that includes a similar test of skill provided under the direction of the Kentucky Motorcycle Rider Education Program. A person whose motorcycle instruction permit has expired may apply to the circuit clerk to receive a motorcycle operator's license or endorsement if the person presents proof of successful completion of a motorcycle safety education course approved by the Justice and Public Safety Cabinet. For more information regarding motorcycle rider training school locations and costs, please contact the Kentucky Motorcycle Rider Education Program at 1-800-396-3234.

TRAIL BIKES AND ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES (ATV'S)

Trail bikes or all-terrain vehicles are designed for off-road use, and their use on streets or highways is illegal. "All-terrain vehicle" means any motor vehicle for off-road use, which is fifty (50) inches or less in width; has a dry weight of six hundred (600) pounds or less; travels on three (3) or more low pressure tires; is designed for operator use only with no passengers; and has a seat or saddle designed to be straddled by the operator, and handle bars for steering control. • No person shall operate an all-terrain vehicle upon any public highway or roadway or upon the right-of-way of any public highway or roadway. o Exception: Persons may operate an ATV on any two-lane public highway, if the operator is engaged in farm or agricultural-related activities, construction, road maintenance, or snow removal. Persons not engaged in one of these activities may operate an ATV on any two-lane public highway in order to cross the highway, but may not travel on the highway for more than 2/10 of a mile. Persons who operate an ATV on a public highway must have a valid operator's license and comply with all traffic regulations; must have at least one headlight and two taillights illuminated at all times; and may only operate the ATV during daylight hours, unless engaged in snow removal or emergency road maintenance. • No person shall operate an all-terrain vehicle on any public or private property without the consent of the landowner, tenant, or governmental agency responsible for the property, and unless the operator wears approved protective headgear, in the manner prescribed by the secretary of the Transportation Cabinet, at all times that the vehicle is in motion. • No person under the age of sixteen (16) years shall operate an all-terrain vehicle with an engine size exceeding ninety (90) cubic centimeters displacement, nor shall any person under the age of sixteen (16) years operate an all-terrain vehicle except under direct parental supervision. • No person under the age of twelve (12) years shall operate an all-terrain vehicle with an engine size exceeding seventy (70) cubic centimeters displacement.

WHY IS DRINKING AND DRIVING SO DANGEROUS?

When alcohol enters your stomach, it goes directly into your bloodstream and then to all parts of your body. It reaches your brain in 20 to 40 minutes. Alcohol affects those parts of your brain that control your judgment, vision, and skill. As the amount of alcohol increases, your judgment, vision, and skill deteriorate. You have trouble judging distances, speeds, and movement of other vehicles. Finally, you have trouble controlling your vehicle

APPROACHING TRAFFIC LIGHTS OR MARKED/UNMARKED INTERSECTIONS.

When approaching a traffic light or intersection where other traffic has stopped, stop behind the vehicle ahead. "Never go in between cars." When in doubt as to who has the right-of-way at an intersection, yield to the other driver. Always prepare to stop when approaching an intersection. ADVERSE CONDITIONS. A frequent cause of single-vehicle motorcycle accidents is inattention to road conditions. When approaching a surface of loose gravel, sand, or dirt, use extreme caution and avoid sudden or rapid movements. When riding on wet pavement, reduce speed and avoid sudden braking or acceleration. Be especially careful of the center "strip" of each traffic lane, as it usually has a film of oil covering it and is very slippery when wet. The center painted lines on the roadway, when wet, are also hazardous to cyclists.

AVOIDING COLLISIONS

When it looks as if a collision may happen, many drivers simply slam on the brakes. This locks the wheels and puts the vehicle into a skid, making things worse. Sometimes braking may be the right thing to do, but it is not the only thing to do. To avoid a collision, a driver has three tools he can use Braking, which is used to stop the vehicle quickly in an emergency: Standard Brakes: Push the brake pedal hard. If the vehicle begins to skid, quickly let up on the brake, then quickly push it down again. Anti-Lock Brakes: Apply steady pressure. This allows the vehicle to stop just as quickly, but also allows you to continue steering. Evasive Steering is used when you are unable to stop in time to avoid a collision. Try to steer around the vehicle or object, if you can do so safely. However, you should consider the movement of the vehicle you are avoiding when making any evasive move. Accelerating is sometimes necessary to avoid a collision. Accelerate quickly if another vehicle is about to hit you from the side or behind. In a vehicle with a manual transmission, shift quickly into a lower gear and accelerate rapidly. If the car has an automatic shift, you can do the same thing by pushing the accelerator down quickly.

ALERTNESS

When you are tired, you cannot drive as well as you do when you are rested. Decisions are slower and more difficult to make, with a tendency to become upset easily. There is always the chance you will fall asleep behind the wheel. To keep from getting tired on a long trip: • Get a lot of rest before you start — a normal night's sleep. • Do not take any drugs that can make you drowsy — even the night before you start. • Do not drive long hours. Driving straight through can be dangerous, if you are tired and sleepy. Set a common- sense limit of 300 to 400 miles a day. What good does it do to drive "straight through," if you fall asleep when you get there? • Take regular rest stops, even if you are not tired. Switch off with another driver every hour or so. Stop for coffee or a soft drink every 100 miles or every two hours. • Keep shifting your eyes from one part of the road to another. Look at objects near and far, left and right, and check the speedometer. • Roll your window down to get some fresh air. • If none of the above suggestions seem to help you stay awake, the best thing to do is pull off the highway at the first rest stop. A short nap may be enough to refresh you.

PROTECTING YOURSELF IN COLLISIONS

You may not always be able to avoid a collision. Try everything you can to keep from getting hit. The following are guidelines, if you cannot avoid a collision. Hit from the rear. If you are about to be hit from the rear: • Be ready to apply your brake so that you will not be pushed into another vehicle. • Brace yourself between the steering wheel and the back of the seat. • If your vehicle has head restraints, press the back of your head firmly against the head restraint. Hit from the side. If you are about to be hit from the side: • Brace yourself with the steering wheel to keep from being thrown against the side of the vehicle. • Get ready to steer quickly so that if you spin around you can still try to control the vehicle. Hit from the front. If you are about to be hit from the front and your vehicle is not equipped with air bags: • If you are wearing a shoulder belt, use your arms and hands to protect your face. • If you are not using a shoulder strap, throw yourself across the seat so that you do not hit the steering column or the windshield.

By day

You will see the fluorescent orange triangle in the center of the symbol and is visita le for at least 1/5 mile

• To turn quickly to the right

right, use the same procedures for turning quickly to the left, except turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction. • To turn quickly, your hands must be on opposite sides of the steering wheel, the nine and three o'clock hand positions. It is safest to hold the steering wheel in this fashion at all times while driving. • Once you have turned away from something, you must be ready to quickly turn back again. Many people steer away from one collision only to end up in another.

SAFETY TIPS.

• Always wear a U.S. Department of Transportation approved helmet and proper clothing. • When traveling with several motorcyclist, ride in a staggered position, and never two abreast. • Be careful with brakes — apply both brakes at the same time. • Watch for slick or loose surface, and reduce speed before you get to these areas. • Check nearby traffic before passing or changing lanes. • Be alert at intersections. This is where most motorcycle accidents occur. • Never make a U-turn without first coming to a full stop. • Always wear clothing that can be seen readily by other drivers. • Stay off the interstate highways unless your motorcycle is capable of cruising at interstate speed. The motor size should be a 250 cc or larger for interstate speeds. • Do not carry passengers unless your motorcycle is designed for more than one person. • Turn your lights on, even in daylight hours, so other drivers can see you. • Remember that your stopping distance is increased if you are carrying a passenger or heavy bundle. • Do not loan your motorcycle to anyone who is not experienced in riding your type motorcycle. • The best lane position for seeing and being seen is on the left third of the right lane. • Guard against overconfidence. • Remember that your stopping distance is greater than that of a passenger car. • Avoid congested traffic areas and high speed when learning to ride. • Handlebars should be set not more than 15 inches above the seat level for maximum control and comfort. • Children and animals may dart in the path of motorcycles. Be especially careful in school and residential areas.

RULES FOR BICYCLISTS

• Never use Interstate and Parkway systems for cycling. • Use hand signals to communicate your actions to other vehicles. • Obey the instructions of official traffic control signals and signs. Stop at stop signs and for stop lights just like a motor vehicle. • Operate a bicycle within posted speed limits or at a rate reasonable for existing conditions. • Ride a bicycle on the right side of the road with traffic. • Yield to pedestrians in crosswalks and on sidewalks. Give an audible warning (bell or horn) before passing pedestrians. • When riding at night, operate the bicycle with a white light visible from the front and a red reflector or light visible from the rear. • Reflector tape may be used for added visibility. • All slower-moving vehicles, including bicycles, shall drive as closely as practical to the right-hand boundary of the highway. Extreme caution should be used when moving out into the center of the road to avoid road debris, to pass another vehicle, or to make a left turn. • DO NOT RIDE ON THE SIDEWALK • Never park a bicycle on a sidewalk in such a way as to interfere with pedestrian traffic. • Ride on a bike path adjacent to the roadway, if one is provided. • Carry no more persons than the number for which the bicycle is designed and equipped. • Never ride more than two abreast so as to interfere with the normal movement of traffic.