personality chapter 14

Which person most likely has an internal locus of control? a. Jaime attributes his tennis victories to his own hard work. b. Melanie blamed her poor performance on a recent test to poor lighting in the room. c. Roger thinks his low level of career advancement is due to few training opportunities. d. Blake credits his business success to good luck.

a. Jaime attributes his tennis victories to his own hard work.

Which statement best describes the relationship between locus of control and health? a. People with an internal locus of control tend to be healthier because they are more likely to eat well and exercise to maintain their health. b. People with an internal locus of control tend to be healthier because they have realistic evaluations about their body's limitations and don't push themselves too far. c. People with an external locus of control tend to be healthier because they are more likely to seek immediate medical help and engage in preventative maintenance. d. People with an external locus of control tend to be healthier because they have fewer psychological problems such as depression.

a. People with an internal locus of control tend to be healthier because they are more likely to eat well and exercise to maintain their health.

Which type of person tends to make the best spouse? a. a feminine or androgynous person b. a masculine or androgynous person c. a masculine or undifferentiated person d. a feminine or undifferentiated person

a. a feminine or androgynous person

Beatrice took surfing lessons but was never able to stand up on her board and spent the afternoon getting pummeled by the waves. That winter some friends invited her to try snowboarding, but Beatrice refused because she felt certain she wouldn't be able to make it down the mountain on a snowboard after her failure at surfing. Beatrice's reaction to the invitation to learn to snowboard best illustrates ________. a. learned helplessness b. congruence c. unmitigated agency d. communion

a. learned helplessness

A very independent person who is aggressive at work and very sensitive and affectionate with friends can best be described as ________. a. masculine b. feminine c. androgynous d. undifferentiated

c. androgynous

According to the ________ model, having both masculine and feminine characteristics is important for success in society. a. masculinity b. congruence c. androgyny d. femininity

c. androgyny

People with an internal locus of control tend to ________. a. suffer from depression b. give up easily c. be high achievers d. be androgynous

c. be high achievers

Research indicates which link between learned helplessness and depression? a. Learned helplessness is often the only symptom of depression. b. Depression sometimes develops in a way that is similar to the way learned helplessness develops. c. Contrary to expectations, learned helplessness can help to lessen symptoms of depression. d. Learned helplessness leads to depression among men but not among women.

b. Depression sometimes develops in a way that is similar to the way learned helplessness develops.

What are the steps in Bandura's four-step process for imitating aggressive behavior? a. expect, reward, appreciate, justify b. attend, remember, enact, expect c. observe, reflect, expect, imitate d. remember, practice, enact, justify

b. attend, remember, enact, expect

How we assign credit or blame for our successes and failures is our ________. a. masculine-feminine orientation b. locus of control orientation c. agency orientation d. congruence orientation

b. locus of control orientation

People are more likely to imitate aggressive behavior if they ________. a. are very androgynous b. think the aggression is justified c. have been shielded from real-life violence d. expect to be punished for the behavior

b. think the aggression is justified

When elderly people are given less control over their lives, ________. a. they never develop a sense of learned helplessness since they stop experiencing failure b. they benefit from the relaxation associated with learned helplessness c. their happiness and life expectancy are reduced due to learned helplessness d. their psychological problems decrease due to less severe learned helplessness

c. their happiness and life expectancy are reduced due to learned helplessness

Which statement best describes the short-term and long-term effects of playing violent video games? a. Playing violent video games has little to no effect on a person's aggressive behavior in the short term or the long term. b. Playing violent video games causes people to act more aggressively immediately after playing, but not over the long term. c. Playing violent video games has no effect on a person's behavior in the short term, but over an extended period of time, people slowly become more aggressive. d. People act more aggressively after playing violent video games both in the short term and the long term.

d. People act more aggressively after playing violent video games both in the short term and the long term.

Is there a link between watching violent television programs and performing aggressive behavior in real life? a. No, only real-life violence serves as a model for aggressive behavior. b. Yes, but only for a very short time after watching a violent program. c. Yes, but only if a person is already predisposed to aggression. d. Yes, even over the long term and even if a person is not aggressive to begin with.

d. Yes, even over the long term and even if a person is not aggressive to begin with.

Simone put her career on hold when she started a family, and is now raising three young children. Her elderly parents are suffering from health problems, so she helps take them to appointments and runs errands for them. When friends ask her for help, Simone doesn't know how to refuse, so she piles more on her plate despite being physically and emotionally drained from taking care of so many people. Simone likely scores highly in ________. a. androgyny b. agency c. unmitigated agency d. unmitigated communion

d. unmitigated communion