Personality Psychology Final (Part 1)

A person with an overly dominant id will be more likely to have which kind of personality?

A quick tongue

Which is an example of a phallic symbol?

A tall building

How do the theories of Freud and Erikson differ in reference to adult development?

Freud's theory of development ends at age 18, while Erikson believed development continued into adulthood.

How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?

He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.

If you went to therapy and one of the things you did was role-play with your therapist (she or he playing the role of parent and you playing the role of teenager), you could surmise that the work of which theorist is important to the therapeutic views of your therapist.

Heinz Kohut

Freud's phallic stage of development and his developmental theory that it is based on are:

Highly controversial ideas

Briefly describe a behavior that you have seen in yourself or someone else that an observer might attribute to an ego defense mechanism. Which defense mechanism would the observer surmise was being used?

I observed a behavior that I saw in someone else that might be seen as a sublimation defense mechanism. A friend of mine had a lot of stress and was triggered easily. He would punch a wall or push a chair. But, after a while I noticed he was boxing at the gym and playing football at school. He was no longer triggered easily.

_____ occurs when a child tries to make a good object always present.

Introjection

All of the following statements are true about the ego EXCEPT:

It accounts for our aggressive tendencies

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has its roots in the theory of which individual?

Jung

In dream analysis, what is meant by the terms "manifest content" and "latent content"?

Manifest content is what we consciously remember an represent something. While the latent content, is what drives the manifest content and reveals a hidden meaning.

The test which requires the respondent to weigh multiple elements of self against one another, selecting the most and least descriptive and distributing them in piles is a:

Q-sort

A runner who trains twice as hard after suffering a big loss in a race is experiencing _____.

Sublimation

Mark is taking a high-stakes university exam and is sitting next to the smartest student in the class. Mark can clearly see his classmate's responses but refrains from copying the answers. Which of the following is affecting Mark's behavior?

Superego

All of the following statements reflect the beliefs of the psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT:

The conscious mind guides our psychosexual development

If someone looks down upon you because they believe you are immoral, even when most everyone thinks you are a moral person, then which of the following may be true?

Their superego is overly dominant in their personality.

A good theory will do all but which of the following?

be inherently interesting

According to Freud, people who get into fights tend to be motivated by _____.

death instincts

According to Erikson, we review and examine our accomplishments during the last years of our lives—the ego strength that can emerge from this last ego crisis is wisdom. What is the crisis?

ego integrity vs. despair

If you find that scores on your measure of sociability are correlated with a measure of how spicy people like their food, you have...

failed to establish discriminant validity

Personality psychologists recognize that although people's temperaments are stable, and temperament develops into relatively stable personality, people's behaviors change from situation to situation, and we can see developmental change in personality over time. What concept has been developed to help explain these seemingly disparate facts?

heterotypic continuity

Someone who is closely-attuned to what others think and who adjusts behavior and demeanor to enable the most seamless and productive interface that is possible with others would be said to be:

high on self-monitoring

According to Freud, which of these is the center for our urges and desires?

id

How does someone with a well-developed reality principle go about attaining pleasure?

in proper and acceptable ways

Early development of personality psychology utilized a/n ________ approach.

inductive

The _____ stage happens when we are about 5-12 years old; this is when we begin to develop feelings for the opposite sex but do not express them until we reach the _____ stage, after 12 years of age.

latency; genital

According to Adler, which of the following should NOT be characteristic of a first-born child?

lazy

A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing _____.

passive aggression

If I am a suspicious person and always think people are stealing from me, always think I see shoplifters in stores, and always warn my friends to be wary of others, I am likely to be using which ego defense mechanism?

projection

When a televangelist like Jim Baker passionately preaches religious morality in public while secretly engaging in immoral sex in private, this may be an example of which defense mechanism?

reaction formation

If a man continually berates himself for having impure thoughts, Freud would blame it on

superego

If you were told that a child was taking a personality test and you saw her sitting at a table with nothing but a blank piece of paper in front of her, drawing a picture, the most likely conclusion would be:

the child is taking a projective test of some type

Freud's topographical theory of the mind includes all but which of the following?

the collective unconscious

Which of the following is not part of what psychodynamic theories have in common?

they view humankind as inherently good

Validity refers to:

whether a test measures what it purports to measure

What psychosocial crisis results in either a feeling of confidence or inadequacy?

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Why is the successful completion of the trust versus mistrust stage important?

Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious and insecure.

How are Freud and Erikson's theories of development similar?

Both use similar age divisions and believe the unconscious is important.

A person who failed a class but tells people he got an A is experiencing denial. Why is this an unproductive way of dealing with disappointment?

Denial is unproductive because it is a refusal to accept reality.

A man who yells at his dog when he's upset with his girlfriend is experiencing _____.

Displacement

Freud maintained that the psychosexual development of a person's personality occurs during which of the following key stages:

Oral, anal and phallic