PGIS Final

Match up the following: 1) The pre-Aristotle model 2)Isaac Newton's Earth model 3)The ratio between the polar and equatorial axes

1) Plane 2) Ellipsoid 3) Flattening

An ellipse with a major axis of 100 inches has a flattening of 1/100. The minor axis length is _____ inches.

99

Match the following image and region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) used in Remote Sensing:

Blue Band Image --> Visible region of EMS Thermal Band Image --> Mid to Far-Infrared Region of EMS Radar Image --> Microwave region

A map that has conformality will show _____ for Tissot's indicatrix throughout the map.

Not sure:??? squares rhombuses circles

What are some of the advantages of satellite based remotely sensed data ? (Check all that apply)

Broad customer base Some of the data (e.g. Landsat) are free of cost Wide/Broad areal coverage Ability to collect data from a remote region

Control points are primarily used in:

georeferencing

NDVI measures the health of vegetation by comparing bands from LandSat data. NDVI is an acronym that stands for the _____.

normalized difference vegetation index

The following enumeration units are hierarchically nested except for:

Places

Match the following maps with their types/classification *Quiz 4 Question 10*

a: proportional symbol map b: choropleth map c: dot density map d: isarithmic map

equivalent: conformal:

changes width shape changes overall size

Select the two properties below that are in conflict and cannot be presented on a map projection together.

conformality equivalence

Banks can use GIS data to determine possible unauthorized credit card use when:

purchases are made at places too far apart for the card owner to have travelled between them in the time between the purchases

The major purpose(s) for reference maps is(are): (Check all that apply)

show variety of features of the world accurate locational placement of symbol

Today in GIS we organize a lot of the data with which we work daily by:

spatial location

When someone says the pixel size of the image I got is 50 m * 50 m, he/she is referring to:

spatial resolution

Continuous surfaces are best used for variables that vary smoothly across space. Which of the followings would best be represented by a continuous surface model (Check all that apply)

temperatures elevations

Match the following based on the NED Specification of Digital Elevation Model Data.

1/3 arc second --> 10 meters 1 arc second --> 30 meters 1/9 arc second --> 3 meters

The map shown is a poorly designed equal area map. Which of the parallels listed is a standard parallel on this map? *quiz 3 question 8*

10N

What is the brightness levels in a 7 bit sensor system (radiometric resolution - provide numerical value)

128

What is the distance (in miles) to the horizon I can see if I am at the top of a building and my eyes are 175 feet above the ground? (upto 2 decimal places is fine)

16.14

The line dividing days of the earth's rotation is the __

180th meridian

As discussed in the class, what is the accuracy of State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)?

1:10,000

The state of Virginia fall under __ UTM zones

2

The circumference of the Earth by Eratosthenes measurement was about _____ miles.

25,000

7, 9, 10, 15, 22, 25, 37, 66, 67, 71, 75, 85, 91, 97, 101In an equal number classification system with five classes, the value 71 will be in class number__

4

What is the 'median' (statistics) of the following distribution: 2, 9, 5, 4, 12, 10, 7, 15

8

Please match the following based on map scale order (from 1 to 4) where 1 represents the largest map scale and 4 represents the smallest map scale: A: Florida B: Continents C: Montgomery County, VA D: United States

A: 2 B: 4 C: 1 D: 3

For middle latitude countries like the United States, the equivalent projection of choice is the _____.

Albers Equal Area Conic

To download census tract level population data from the American Community Survey, you can use the

American Factfinder2

Match the following census geography enumeration units with their relative sizes

County --> Largest County Subdivision --> Second Largest Census Tract --> Middle Size Block Group --> Second Smallest Block Smallest --> Smallest

As discussed in the class, what are the important elements of a map (Check all that apply)

Date Title Data Source Legend North Arrow Scale Author

Which of the following term best describes that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases?

Distance Decay

Jack Dangermond and his wife Laura founded:

Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)

All Parallels are not loxodromes

False

Areas nearest to the standard lines are less accurate

False

As discussed in the class, the map elements should be arranged so that they balance visually around the geometric center not optical center

False

GPS signals are excellent in areas such as under the dense forest canopy or below the tall buildings in an urban area

False

In a dot density mapping, the sizes of the dots varies and are in proportion to the value they represent

False

Most of the times when objects are of smaller size, a raster image of 30m*30m pixel size will provide more detailed information of the ground than a raster image of 10m*10m pixel size

False

The area of quadrilaterals between any two meridians and between similarly spaced parallels increase poleward:

False

Place a: P - points, L - lines, or A - areas in each blank space according to the best representation for that data set.

In developing data for the Commonwealth of Virginia, I intend to collect highways as "L", counties as "A", the state boundary as "L", small towns as "P", and very large lakes as "A".

If I have to study the land use land cover change of Montgomery County, VA, from 2001 to 2011, the best dataset I will choose are (select two):

NLCD data from 2011 NLCD data from 2001

Which of the following classification mostly maintains internal homogeneity and at the same time retain heterogeneity among the groups

Natural breaks

Which of the following statement about Meridians is true?

Not sure which:??? Equal in length and are spaced widest at the equator Ranges from 0 degree to 180 Degree North to South Are not equal in length and are spaced widest at the poles

What are some of the features of "active remote sensing" system such as Radar?

Not sure: ??? acquired images can have heavy clouds both day and night capability heavily affected by weather condition can be taken by aircraft only have their own energy

Maps that maintain area correctly are called:

Not sure: ??? equidistant conformal equivalent

A discrete surface/feature like a county boundary is best represented by _____

Not sure: ??? polynomial data model vector data model

Conversions: 1 mile = 63,360 inches 1 foot = 12 inches 1 meter = 39.37 inches 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1 km. = 0.621 miles A graphic scale five inches long represents five miles on Earth. What is the denominator of the representative fraction scale?

Not sure:???

By looking at the legend in the distribution of (5, 7, 12, 21, 22, 23, 60, 70, 84, 85) with a total class of 5, we can tell that the map is most likely a ____ *Quiz 4 question 1*

Not sure:??? Equal interval Equal number Standard deviation

Which of the following statements are true: (Check all that apply)

Not sure:??? a large map scale has comparatively large area a small map scale has less generalization a large geographic scale covers small area on ground a large map scale provides more detail information a small map scale covers small area a large map scale has comparatively small area

In a _____ any polygons that lie adjacent to each other must be made up of their own lines.

Not sure:??? spaghetti vector model vector network model topological raster model

GIS is used in GeoSpatial Intelligence to fuse together multiple types of intelligence including the following:

SIGINT, MASINT, GEOINT, HUMINT, TECHINT

As discussed in class, on the map below, the black line (arc of a great circle) is a shorter path to travel on Earth. *black arc and red straight line underneath*

True

As discussed in the class, in the Mercator projection, Greenland appears larger than South America

True

Higher positional accuracy is obtained in a GPS when the received signals are from the satellites that are spread out rather than from those concentrated in one location

True

The images collected by optical sensors such as Landsat can be affected by atmospheric cloud

True

A line in a Vector Data Model (small scale map) is ____

Two dimensional

The brightness (lightness) of a color is called

Value

In a map that says "One inch equals approximately 10.5 miles" is an example of:

Verbal Scale

TIGER is: (Check all that apply)

a GIS database used to map data from the United States Census Bureau not going to give you census attributes for population inside its file available in ArcGIS shapefile format

A band in remote sensing refers to:

a specific slice of electromagnetic spectrum used for taking imagery that can be helpful for studying certain features

Geographic Coordinate Systems measure locations in ______ from the equator and prime meridian.

angles

At larger scales (i.e. small area on ground), cartographic lines and cartographic points might be represented better as

areas

An equidistant Projection is focused to preserve

distance

The first law of geography is:

everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things

If I want to get imagery that include more detailed information of the very small piece of the surface of the earth (say the area of Blacksburg), then I need

high spatial resolution image (e.g. 1m)

In the Electromagnetic Spectrum, shorter wavelengths are associated with: (Check all that apply)

higher energy higher frequency

Spatial Data must have an added attribute that contains their

location

Match the following measurements to their measurement levels

longitude --> Interval Elevation above sea level --> Ratio A, B, C, D grades --> ordinal land use classifications --> nominal