PH 604 WEEK 9 VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
dengue vector
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus
malaria vector
Anopheles mosquitoes
Why was Aedes aegypti almost eradicated in 1970s and came back to re-occupy much of the same territory by 1998 (Fig. 4 and related text)...
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WNV vector
Culex pipiens quiquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis (mosquitoes)
house fly borne diseases
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lice borne diseases
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Rodent borne diseases
Hantavirus
Tick borne diseases
Lyme dz, Ehlichiosis, Babesiosis, Encephalitis, Typhus, Relapsing Fever
mechanical transmission of vector borne disease
Transport of the infectious agent between hosts by arthropod vectors with contaminated mouthparts, antennae, or limbs. There is no multiplication of the infectious agent in the vector.
Importance of vector surveillance in controlling vector borne disease
allows for control of infectious agents.
WNV reservoir
birds
extrinsic factors affecting vector borne disease transmission
contact b/t reservoir/vector/human, climate, environmental barriers (terrain, elevation, habitat, artificial), distribution/host range
Mosquito borne diseases
dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, encephalitis, malaria, filariasis Mosquito borne encephalitidies: WNV, St Louis Encephalitis, Western/Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, La Crosse encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis
zoonoses
dzs and infections that are naturally transmitted b/t vertebrate animals and humans (vector borne dzs can be zoonoses)
WNV control measures
education (no backyard water, dead bird count, ppe), ppe, window/door screens, mosquito ctrl
malaria control measures
education, chemoprophylaxis, source reduction, personal protection, avoidance, vector ctrl
dengue control measures
education, personal protection, sanitation, source reduction, window/door screens, larvicides, cover water containers, fog the mosquitoes
lyme disease vector
hard tick, deer ticks (Ixodes spp)
dengue reservoir
humans
malaria reservoir
humans
Vector
insect or living carrier that transports an infectious agent from infected person or her wastes to another person or his food or surrounding
Most common worldwide vector borne disease
malaria
Integrated pest mgmt
monitoring, cultural management techniques (make unattractive to pests), Sanitation/solid waste management (incl food), Structural maintenance, ctrl measures
Flea borne diseases
murine typhus, cat flea typhus, plague
malaria organism type
parasite (protozoa, Plasmodium spp)
lyme disease control measures
personal protection, avoid ticks, tick removal, vegetation mgmt, host removal/exclusion
hantavirus control measures
rodent exclusion, rodent ctrl, clean rodent poop, PPE/res
hantavirus vector
rodent poop
hantavirus reservoir
rodents, deer mice
example of mechanical transmission of vector borne disease
shigella is transmitted by flies that land on feces or something contaminated with shigella pathogen that gets on its feet/mouth parts (does not enter the body of insect) and then transfers to food that gets ingested
lyme disease reservoir
ticks, rodents, other animals
biological transmission of vector borne disease
transmission of the infectious agent to susceptible host by bite of blood-feeding (arthropod) vector as in malaria, or by other inoculation, as in Schistosoma infection.
How could climate change affect vector-borne disease geographic distribution and incidence?
vector borne disease spread to newly tropical areas
intrinsic factors affecting vector borne disease transmission
vector competence, life cycle, biting time, host preference (anthropophilic, zoophilic, opportunistic), distribution/anatomy (wings or not)
example of biological transmission of vector borne disease
west nile virus develops inside the vector (mosquito) which results in multiplication of virus in that vector. This pathogen gets passed onto people when the mosquito bites a person and injects its saliva
