PH 604 WEEK 9 VECTOR BORNE DISEASE

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dengue vector

Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus

malaria vector

Anopheles mosquitoes

Why was Aedes aegypti almost eradicated in 1970s and came back to re-occupy much of the same territory by 1998 (Fig. 4 and related text)...

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WNV vector

Culex pipiens quiquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis (mosquitoes)

house fly borne diseases

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lice borne diseases

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Rodent borne diseases

Hantavirus

Tick borne diseases

Lyme dz, Ehlichiosis, Babesiosis, Encephalitis, Typhus, Relapsing Fever

mechanical transmission of vector borne disease

Transport of the infectious agent between hosts by arthropod vectors with contaminated mouthparts, antennae, or limbs. There is no multiplication of the infectious agent in the vector.

Importance of vector surveillance in controlling vector borne disease

allows for control of infectious agents.

WNV reservoir

birds

extrinsic factors affecting vector borne disease transmission

contact b/t reservoir/vector/human, climate, environmental barriers (terrain, elevation, habitat, artificial), distribution/host range

Mosquito borne diseases

dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, encephalitis, malaria, filariasis Mosquito borne encephalitidies: WNV, St Louis Encephalitis, Western/Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, La Crosse encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis

zoonoses

dzs and infections that are naturally transmitted b/t vertebrate animals and humans (vector borne dzs can be zoonoses)

WNV control measures

education (no backyard water, dead bird count, ppe), ppe, window/door screens, mosquito ctrl

malaria control measures

education, chemoprophylaxis, source reduction, personal protection, avoidance, vector ctrl

dengue control measures

education, personal protection, sanitation, source reduction, window/door screens, larvicides, cover water containers, fog the mosquitoes

lyme disease vector

hard tick, deer ticks (Ixodes spp)

dengue reservoir

humans

malaria reservoir

humans

Vector

insect or living carrier that transports an infectious agent from infected person or her wastes to another person or his food or surrounding

Most common worldwide vector borne disease

malaria

Integrated pest mgmt

monitoring, cultural management techniques (make unattractive to pests), Sanitation/solid waste management (incl food), Structural maintenance, ctrl measures

Flea borne diseases

murine typhus, cat flea typhus, plague

malaria organism type

parasite (protozoa, Plasmodium spp)

lyme disease control measures

personal protection, avoid ticks, tick removal, vegetation mgmt, host removal/exclusion

hantavirus control measures

rodent exclusion, rodent ctrl, clean rodent poop, PPE/res

hantavirus vector

rodent poop

hantavirus reservoir

rodents, deer mice

example of mechanical transmission of vector borne disease

shigella is transmitted by flies that land on feces or something contaminated with shigella pathogen that gets on its feet/mouth parts (does not enter the body of insect) and then transfers to food that gets ingested

lyme disease reservoir

ticks, rodents, other animals

biological transmission of vector borne disease

transmission of the infectious agent to susceptible host by bite of blood-feeding (arthropod) vector as in malaria, or by other inoculation, as in Schistosoma infection.

How could climate change affect vector-borne disease geographic distribution and incidence?

vector borne disease spread to newly tropical areas

intrinsic factors affecting vector borne disease transmission

vector competence, life cycle, biting time, host preference (anthropophilic, zoophilic, opportunistic), distribution/anatomy (wings or not)

example of biological transmission of vector borne disease

west nile virus develops inside the vector (mosquito) which results in multiplication of virus in that vector. This pathogen gets passed onto people when the mosquito bites a person and injects its saliva


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