PH450: Screening in Public Health
Reliability
Consistency and repeatability of test results
Societal Factors
Factors that influence the implementation of screening programs
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve
Graphical representation of a test's sensitivity and specificity
Clinical Diagnosis
Identification of a disease based on symptoms and tests
Tertiary Prevention
Managing and reducing the impact of disease
Bayes Theorem
Mathematical formula for updating probabilities based on new information
Outcome Measures
Measures of the screening program's impact
Process Measures
Measures of the screening program's implementation
Screening Programs
Organized efforts to screen for diseases in a population
Preclinical Phase
Phase before clinical symptoms appear
Clinical Phase
Phase with observable clinical symptoms
Biological Symptoms
Physical signs of a disease
Screening
Presumptive identification of unrecognized diseases or defects
Primary Prevention
Preventing disease before it occurs
Post-test Probability
Probability of having a disease after a positive or negative test result
Predictive Values
Probability of having or not having a disease given a positive or negative test result
Prevalence
Proportion of a population with a disease
Specificity
Proportion of disease-free people who test negative
Negative Predictive Value
Proportion of negative test results that are true negatives
Positive Predictive Value
Proportion of positive test results that are true positives
Sensitivity
Proportion of sick people who test positive
Clinical Outcome
Result or consequence of a disease
Screening Process
Steps involved in conducting a screening program
Screening Tests
Tests that reveal hidden health status
Nature of the Test
Characteristics of a screening test that make it effective
Validity
Accuracy of a screening test
Nature of the Disease
Characteristics of a disease that make it suitable for screening
Secondary Prevention
Early detection and treatment of disease
Treatment Given Onset
When treatment is initiated after diagnosis