Pharm 12

Which explanation provides rationale for why beta blockers are used cautiously in patients with respiratory conditions? a. Mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. b. Cause extensive vasodilation and cardiac overload. c. May produce severe bronchoconstriction. d. Increase hypertensive episodes.

c. May produce severe bronchoconstriction.

Which types of adrenergic receptors subdivide the autonomic nervous system? a. Nicotinic and muscarinic b. Afferent and efferent c. Alpha and beta d. Agonists and antagonists

C. Alpha and beta

. Which priority nursing action needs to be implemented when a long-term care resident taking an anticholinergic agent is observed to be disoriented and hallucinating? a. Report development of alterations to the charge nurse. b. Assess blood glucose. c. Provide for resident's safety. d. Medicate with antianxiety medication.

Provide for resident's safety.

Which is most important for the nurse to assess prior to the administration of metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent? a. Blood pressure b. Lung sounds c. Mental status d. Urine output

a. Blood pressure

Which body function(s) is/are controlled by the autonomic nervous system? (Select all that apply.) a. Blood pressure b. Skeletal muscle contraction c. GI secretion d. Body temperature e. Urination

a. Blood pressure c. GI secretion d. Body temperature e. Urination

Which terms identify neurotransmitter(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Gamma aminobutyric acid b. Acetylcholine c. Serotonin d. Glucose e. Histamine f. Epinephrine

a. Gamma aminobutyric acid b. Acetylcholine c. Serotonin e. Histamine f. Epinephrine

Which adverse effect(s) is/are common when a patient is receiving a cholinergic agent? (Select all that apply.) a. Nausea b. Hypertension c. Dizziness d. Bradycardia e. Constipation

a. Nausea c. Dizziness d. Bradycardia

Which common adverse effect(s) will the nurse include in discharge teaching for a patient on an adrenergic bronchodilator? (Select all that apply.) a. Palpitations b. Dizziness c. Orthostatic hypotension d. Hypoglycemia e. Tremors f. Bradycardia

a. Palpitations b. Dizziness c. Orthostatic hypotension e. Tremors

Which nerve endings liberate norepinephrine? a. Cholinergic b. Adrenergic c. Anticholinergic d. Muscarinic

b. Adrenergic

Which category of medications is used for peripheral vascular diseases characterized by excessive vasoconstriction, such as Raynaud's disease? a. Adrenergic agents b. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents c. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents d. Cholinergic agents

b. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

Which instruction(s) given by the nurse will assist a patient to cope with the common adverse effects of anticholinergic medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Takethemedicationwithmeals.‖ b. Increase fluids daily.‖ c. Decrease fiber in the diet.‖ d. Suck on candy or ice chips.‖ e. Monitor blood glucose.‖

b. Increase fluids daily d. Suck on candy or ice chips

Which statement(s) is/are true about efferent nerves? (Select all that apply.) a. Transmit signals to the spinal cord and brain. b. Leave the CNS to carry impulses to other body parts. c. Are part of the peripheral nervous system. d. Transmit signals that control contractions of smooth and skeletal muscles. e. Transmit signals that control contractions of some glandular secretions.

b. Leave the CNS to carry impulses to other body parts. c. Are part of the peripheral nervous system. d. Transmit signals that control contractions of smooth and skeletal muscles. e. Transmit signals that control contractions of some glandular secretions.

Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate when a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports having insomnia and a racing heart after starting terbutaline therapy? a. The symptoms are typical and indicate that the medication is at a therapeutic level.‖ b. The symptoms will tend to resolve with continued therapy.‖ c. The symptoms are unusual and need to be reported to the healthcare provider immediately.‖ d. The symptoms are indicative of toxicity.

b. The symptoms will tend to resolve with continued therapy.

Which response by the nurse is most accurate when a patient with the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease asks the nurse why anticholinergics are used in the treatment? a. These drugs help you urinate.‖ b. These drugs will decrease your eye pressure.‖ c. These drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine.‖ d. These drugs will assist in lowering your heart rate.

c. These drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine.‖

Which response is the primary response to alpha-1-receptor stimulation? a. Bronchodilation b. Tachycardia c. Vasoconstriction d. Uterine relaxation

c. Vasoconstriction

Which condition is important to screen a patient for before the initiation of anticholinergic medications? a. Hypertension b. Infectious diseases c. Diabetes d. Closed-angle glaucoma

d. Closed-angle glaucoma

Which action is the most appropriate to take when a patient hospitalized in an acute care setting reports to the nurse that since starting on an adrenergic medication, he has been feeling ―dizzy and weak‖? a. Immediately notify the physician. b. Teach the patient to move slowly from standing to sitting. c. Discontinue the adrenergic blocker. d. Monitor the blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions

d. Monitor the blood pressure in both the supine and standing positions

Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching when a patient with a history of type 1 diabetes after myocardial infarction has been placed on a beta-adrenergic blocking agent? a. This medication should not be discontinued suddenly.‖ b. This medication lowers my blood pressure by helping me get rid of fluid.‖ c. I may not have my usual symptoms of a hypoglycemic reaction while on this drug.‖ d. This medication may take a few weeks to work.

b. This medication lowers my blood pressure by helping me get rid of fluid.

Which disorder(s) would indicate the use of anticholinergic agents? (Select all that apply.) a. Glaucoma b. Benign prostatic hypertrophy c. Bradycardia d. Parkinson's disease e. Preparation for surgery f. Stimulation of the vagus nerve

c. Bradycardia d. Parkinson's disease e. Preparation for surgery

Which condition would alert the nurse of the need to use beta-adrenergic blockers cautiously? a. Hypertension b. Raynaud's phenomenon c. Emphysema d. Cardiac dysrhythmias

c. Emphysema

An older adult patient is to receive atenolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Prior to administration of the drug, the nurse assesses an apical pulse rate of 58 and notes ankle edema. Which action will the nurse take first? a. Determine the therapeutic blood level. b. Encourage the patient to decrease water intake. c. Elevate the patient's legs. d. Withhold the medication.

d. Withhold the medication.

Which is the best action for the nurse to take when auscultating inspiratory and expiratory wheezing bilaterally on a patient taking a cholinergic agent? a. Provide the next dose of the cholinergic agent immediately. b. Assess heart rate and blood pressure. c. Reposition the patient. d. Withhold the next dose and notify the physician.

d. Withhold the next dose and notify the physician.