pharm 5

During a teaching session on the care of the client w diabetes, the nurse should make which statement to explain the differences in insulin?

"Insulin is selected on the basis of onset and duration of action"

A client with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose?

"the different onsets and peaks of the two types provides better overall glucose control"

A school-aged child is brought to the clinic by their parents. The parents state that the child will be engaged in some activity at home and then will just stop suddenly for a few seconds and then pick up the activity again as if there had been no break in what the child was doing. This child should be assessed for what neurological disorder?

Absence Seizures

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed glyburide. Which factor, if identified in the client history, would cause the nurse to inform the health care provider of a contraindication to use?

Allergy to sulfonamides

What explanation should the nurse provide for why pregnancy is discouraged in women who are being treated for seizure disorders?

Antiepilepsy drugs are teratogenic

The nurse is assessing a client for the effectiveness of the antiparkinson drug. If the nurse determines the client has improvement in these movements, which factor will the nurse point out has improved?

Bradykinesia

A patient with cortical focal seizures has been prescribed phenobarbital. What adverse reaction should the nurse monitor for in the patient?

CNS depression

A client has been taking levodopa (L-dopa) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. What additional medication may decrease the amount of levodopa needed to reach a therapeutic level in the brain, thereby reducing adverse effects of levodopa?

Carbidopa

A group of nursing students are preparing for a class presentation to discuss drugs used to treat Parkinson disease. Which drug would the group include when discussing dopaminergic agents?

Carbidopa

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle accident and, as a result, sustained a closed head injury. The health care provider ordered phenytoin prophylactically to prevent seizures. The nurse understands that phenytoin works by what mechanism?

Decreases the sodium influx into the cell, thereby preventing the cell from producing a stimulus

What precautions should the nurse take when administering glargine ?

Do not mix glargine with other insulin

A 70-year-old female patient has just been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What cholinergic drug is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Donepezil (Aricept)

What herbal supplement should a client being treated for tonic-clonic seizures with phenytoin specifically avoid?

Ginkgo

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes presents to the diabetes educator and asks about a change in insulin. The client's occupation requires long international flights, and the client does not want to administer insulin on the plane. What kind of insulin would best meet this client's needs?

Glargine

A patient with dementia of Alzheimer's disease is administered donepezil HCL. What are the actions associated with cholinesterase inhibitors?

Increase in the level of acetylcholine in CNS

A nurse is preparing to administer a long-acting insulin to a client. Which insulin might the nurse administer? Select all that apply.

Insulin aspart Insulin glulisine Insulin lispro

After teaching an in-service presentation to a group of nurses about diabetes and insulin, the presenter determines that the session was successful when the group correctly chooses which insulins as rapid-acting? Select all that apply

Insulin aspart insulin glulisine

A nurse is preparing to administer a rapid-acting insulin. Which medication would the nurse likely administer?

Insulin lispro

A male client's physician orders levodopa for the treatment of the client's Parkinson's disease. The client asks the nurse whether the levodopa will cure his condition. Which is a correct statement about the effects of levodopa?

It does not alter the underlying disease process, but it may improve a client's quality of life.

The nurse monitoring a client receiving insulin glulisine notices the client has become confused, diaphoretic, and nauseated. The nurse checks the client's blood glucose and it is 60 mg/dL (3.33 mmol/L). Which can a nurse give to treat a client with a hypoglycemic episode? (Select all that apply.)

Orange or other fruit juice hard candy glucose tabs

A nurse is preparing a teaching session for a client who is prescribed miglitol. The nurse would instruct the client to administer this drug at which time?

Three times a day with the first bite of a meal

A client is taking levodopa. What should the nurse caution the client to avoid?

Vitamin B6

The nurse is preparing to administer a mixture of 12 units regular insulin and 45 units NPH insulin to a client with a blood sugar of 378 mg/dL. After the nurse draws the medication into the syringe, what is the nurse's next action?

check dosage with another nurse

A client has a diagnosis of Parkinson disease, and the health care provider will prescribe carbidopa-levodopa. Before drug therapy, the client should be carefully assessed for the presence of:

closed-angle glaucoma

A nurse is assessing a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse determines that the client's drug therapy is effective when the client exhibits what?

decreased tremors

A client's current condition requires rapid reduction of blood sugar levels. Which type of insulin will have the most rapid onset of action?

insulin lispro

A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin?

it decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity

A client is prescribed donepezil. The nurse would expect to administer this drug at which frequency?

once a day

An adolescent taking oral contraceptives has been prescribed an anticonvulsant medication. The nurse should tell the client to do which?

use another form of birth control, such as condoms

A patient is prescribed memantine for the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer's disease. Which adverse reaction should the nurse monitor for in the patient?

vomiting

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking insulin. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing hypoglycemia when the client displays what signs?

weakness, sweating and decreased mentation

What antidiabetic agent is approved for the nurse to administer to clients 10-years-old and older with type 2 diabetes?

Metformin

A client has refused a scheduled dose of metformin, stating that he/she is worried about inducing hypoglycemia because his/her blood glucose level is currently 66 mg/dL (3.66 mmol/L). The nurse should convey what teaching points to the client?

Metformin does not cause hypoglycemia

The nurse is speaking to a group at the senior citizen's center about Parkinson's disease. What should the nurse explain is importance to avoiding when taking an anticholinergic medication?

Strenuous exercise in high environmental temperatures

A client has been diagnosed with partial seizures and has been prescribed carbamazepine. When providing health education about the safe and effective use of this medication, what should the nurse teach the client?

"Its safest if you avoid alcohol while taking this drug"

A client who is receiving phenytoin has a serum drug level drawn. Which result would the nurse interpret as within the therapeutic range?

12 mcg/mL

A client is receiving phenytoin. The nurse monitors the client's plasma drug level. Which level would alert the nurse to the possibility of toxicity?

27 ug/mL

The nurse assesses a client's blood glucose level after administering insulin. Which result would indicate hypoglycemia

34 mg/dL

A nursing instructor is describing Parkinsonism to a group of nursing students. When discussing the underlying cause of the symptoms, the instructor explains the depletion of dopamine in which of the following?

Central Nervous System

The most effective drug to treat major symptoms associated with Parkinson's is:

Levodopa

Common side effects of anticholinergics include:

dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and increased pulse rate.

A nurse has determined a client has developed a hypoglycemic reaction. Which interventions should the nurse perform if the client can adequately demonstrate swallowing and gag reflexes?

give oral fluids or candy

A client is brought to the ER with hypoglycemia blood sugar of 19 mg/dL, What drug should the nurse prepare to administer intravenously?

glucagon intravenous injection

Which would a nurse identify as an example of a sulfonylurea?

glyburide

The health care provider has ordered a change of prescription from rapid-acting insulin to an intermediate-acting type. Which adverse effect must the nurse closely monitor for in the client?

hypoglycemia

An older adult client has been diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer's disease and has begun treatment with donepezil. When providing health education to the client and the client's spouse, the nurse should identify what goal of treatment?

improvement of cognition and function

The nurse has taught a client who is receiving lamotrigine about possible adverse effects. The nurse determines that the client has understood the teaching when the client identifies a need to promptly report what adverse effect?

rash

A nurse is preparing to administer carbamazepine to a client. The nurse should question the health care provider about this order if which disorder is noted in the client's history?

renal impairment

An older adult client experiencing seizures is prescribed diazepam. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?

respiratory rate and depth

A client is prescribed phenytoin and reports gastrointestinal (GI) upset. The nurse should tell the client to:

take the medication with meats