Pharm Ch 38 Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels

A man is brought to the emergency department. He is nonresponsive, and his blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL. Which would the nurse expect to be ordered? Glucagon Regular insulin Insulin lispro Diazoxide

glucagon

Which would a nurse identify as an example of a sulfonylurea? Glyburide Acarbose Miglitol Metformin

glyburide

The nurse is preparing to administer 20 units of NPH insulin to a client. Before administering the medication, the nurse should implement which intervention? Assess the client's urine for the presence of glucose. Have a colleague confirm the dosage. Massage the chosen injection site. Assess the client's understanding of diabetes.

have a colleague confirm the dosage

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking glyburide as treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health care provider has added a corticosteroid to this client's medication regimen for treatment of a severe allergic reaction. The nurse knows that this drug combination may cause what adverse effect on this client? hypoglycemia hyperglycemia nausea and vomiting rash and fever

hyperglycemia

A nurse is providing client education to a 13-year-old girl who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client will alert the nurse that special instructions regarding insulin are necessary? "I walk two blocks to school every day." "My mother is going to give me my insulin." "I am on the middle school track team." "We live in a two-story house."

"I am on the middle school track team."

The nurse is providing care for several clients who have diabetes. Which client should the nurse monitor most closely for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? a client whose type 2 diabetes was diagnosed one week ago a client whose most recent blood glucose level was 150 mg/dL a client who received 12 units of metformin minutes ago a client who received 12 units of Humulin R 45 minutes ago

a client who received 12 units of Humulin R 45 minutes ago

A nurse is caring for a client receiving metformin drug therapy to improve glycemic control. What adverse reaction to the drug should the nurse monitor the client for? UTI asthenia flu symptoms back pain

asthenia

When describing the effects of incretins on blood glucose control to a group of students, which would an instructor include? Increases insulin release Increases glucagon release Increases GI emptying Increases protein building

increases insulin release

A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin? It stimulates insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas. It decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity. It increases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity. It reduces postprandial glucose levels substantially in combination with insulin.

it decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity

A client with hypertension is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. For which reason would the nurse closely monitor the client when giving glyburide with metoprolol? Blood pressure will increase. Signs of hypoglycemia may be masked. Orthostatic hypotension can develop. Blood glucose levels will increase.

signs of hypoglycemia may be masked

A patient at a health care facility has been prescribed diazoxide for hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. What adverse reactions to the drug should the nurse monitor for in the patient? Flatulence Tachycardia Myalgia Epigastric discomfort

tachycardia

The nurse transcribes an order for sitagliptin. What is an appropriate dosage range for this medication? 0.25 to 3 g/d 100 mg/d 1 to 8 mg/d 5 mg orally daily

100 mg/d

Which strategy will NOT increase the therapeutic effect of insulin? Blood glucose levels should be monitored several times per day. All insulin should be stored in a refrigerator but never frozen. Insulin should be administered in the subcutaneous tissue. Regular insulin should be administered 30 minutes before meals.

all insulin should be stored in a refrigerator but never frozen

The nurse is educating a client who is beginning therapy with acarbose and tells the client to take the medication with the first bite of each main meal to help prevent what adverse effect? Nausea and vomiting Bloating and diarrhea Dizziness Chest pain

bloating and diarrhea

The nurse educator works at the diabetes clinic. When talking to a class of adolescent diabetics, the educator tells the students that the most recognized signs of diabetes are: carbohydrate use and insulin levels. hypoglycemia and glucagon levels. protein intake and hyperglycemia. hyperglycemia and glycosuria.

hyperglycemia and glycosuria

As a diabetic educator, the nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic client about aspects of the disease process. What would the nurse tell the client about the body's control of glucose? Balancing energy conservation with energy consumption is very difficult It is related to fat and protein metabolism Storage of glucose is very limited The body uses what you take in

it is related to fat and protein metabolism

A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus who is receiving an oral antidiabetic drug. Which of following ongoing assessments should the nurse perform when caring for this patient? Assess the skin for ulcers, cuts, and sores. Document family medical history. Monitor the patient for lipodystrophy. Observe the patient for hypoglycemic episodes.

observe the patient for hypoglycemic episodes

A client is prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse would expect to administer this drug by which route? Intramuscular Intravenous Subcutaneous Oral

oral

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response? Have the client drink a 4-ounce (120-mL) glass of orange juice. Administer 1 ampule of 50% dextrose intravenously. Administer 10 units of regular insulin subcutaneously. Perform a blood sugar analysis.

perform a blood sugar analysis

A nurse is caring for a 48-year-old woman who has been hospitalized after injecting the wrong type of insulin. Which sign of hypoglycemia will the nurse be careful to observe for? Flushing of the face Dry skin Fruity breath Blurred vision

blurred vision

The nurse is working with a client who uses an insulin pump for management of type 1 diabetes. The nurse should remind the client that the needle on the pump needs to be changed how often? Every two weeks Every 1-3 days Every one month Every 5-7 days

every 1-3 days

A nurse at a health care facility is caring for a client who has been prescribed insulin for the first time. Which preadministration assessments should the nurse perform before the first dose of insulin is given? assess the dental health of the client general assessment of the skin assess for hypoglycemic episodes assess the hearing ability of the client

general assessment of the skin

A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed a hypoglycemic reaction. Which intervention should the nurse perform if swallowing and gag reflexes are present in the patient? Administer the insulin via insulin pump. Give oral fluids or candy. Administer oral antidiabetics to the patient. Administer glucagon by the parenteral route.

give oral fluids or candy

A nurse is working with a newly diagnosed diabetic client on understanding hypoglycemia and insulin reactions. Which action would be most important for the client to understand when planning the response to an insulin reaction? Notify your health care provider immediately. Take an oral dose of some form of glucose as soon as possible. Inject a prescribed dose of insulin as soon as you suspect the reaction is occurring. Stay calm and still until the reaction subsides.

take an oral dose of some form of glucose as soon as possible

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several months ago has presented for a scheduled follow-up appointment. Which stated behavior most clearly indicates that the client has established effective health maintenance? The client can describe the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The client frequently checks blood glucose levels. The client exercises two to three times per week. The client reports having gone on a diet.

the client frequently checks blood glucose levels

The nurse is preparing to administer a mixture of 12 units regular insulin and 45 units NPH insulin to a client with a blood sugar of 378 mg/dL. After the nurse draws the medication into the syringe, what is the nurse's next action? Check the client's blood sugar again. Ensure a meal tray is available. Check the dosage with another nurse. Administer the insulin to the client.

check the dosage with another nurse

The nurse is aware that premixed insulins (those that contain both regular and NPH insulin) are least effective in what type of client? Client who encounters problems drawing up insulin into the syringe Client who has difficulty reading the markings on the syringes Client who strictly monitors his diet Client who has difficulty controlling his diabetes

client who has difficulty controlling his diabetes

A 16-year-old client who is unconscious has been brought to the emergency room by an ambulance after sustaining multiple injuries in a motorcycle accident. The client's parents arrived shortly after admission and provided consent for necessary treatment including surgery. Preoperative lab work results indicate a blood glucose concentration of 380 mg/dL (21.09 mmol/L). What initial intervention should the nurse be prepared to implement to bestmanage the client's blood glucose status? Administer prescribed intravenous (IV) insulin. Monitor the client's glucose level every hour. Ask the parents to calmly talk to the client in order to reduce stress. Confirm with the parents whether the client has a history of diabetes.

confirm with the parents whether the client has a history of diabetes

When reviewing the medication list of a client being seen in the clinic, the nurse notes that the client is receiving glipizide. Based on the nurse's understanding, this drug is used to treat: hyperglycemia. hypokalemia. hyperkalemia. hypoglycemia.

hyperglycemia