Pharm Ch. 46 Antineoplastic Drugs Part 2

Which antineoplastic drug class is effective for the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies?

Alkylating agents

Which drug can be administered both orally and intravenously?

Cyclophosphamide

Which medication is contraindicated in patients undergoing radiation therapy?

Cyclophosphamide

Which treatment is contraindicated in patients undergoing radiation therapy?

Administering cyclophosphamide

The nurse finds that a patient who had been administered carmustine intravenously (IV) has developed extravasation. Arrange the steps in the sequence that the nurse would follow to manage extravasation.

1.Stop the drug infusion immediately. 2.Aspirate residuals from the catheter. 3.Infuse an antidote after consulting guidelines. 4.Rest the affected limb. 5.Document the extravasation carefully.

A patient was given a cytotoxic antibiotic intravenously reports a burning sensation and pain at the site of infusion. The nurse observes swelling at the site and immediately administers cryotherapy to the patient. Which drug was responsible for the complications?

Doxorubicin

The accumulation of which drug can lead to cardiomyopathy?

Doxorubicin

Which medication reduces the risk of renal toxicity associated with cisplatin?

Amifostine

A patient on cisplatin develops pneumonia. Which drug would be added to the prescription to promote patient safety?

Amoxicillin

Which signs and symptoms would the nurse monitor to assess myelosuppression in a patient receiving chemotherapy?

Anemia, blood loss, and thrombocytopenia

Which category of drugs is sometimes called the rubicins?

Anthracycline drugs

Which interventions are included for a patient with cancer who is on antineoplastic drugs? Select all that apply.

Assess the patient's medication history. Analyze baseline neurologic functions. Order laboratory reports before starting the treatment.

A patient with metastatic colon cancer is on 5-fluorouracil. The health care provider prescribes a combination drug that inhibits the activity of angiogenesis. Which drug was likely added by the health care provider?

Bevacizumab

The nurse finds that a patient has been prescribed a cytotoxic antibiotic that causes pulmonary fibrosis. Which medication was prescribed?

Bleomycin

Which drug causes cell death through intercalation?

Bleomycin

Which type of cancer is present in a patient receiving tamoxifen?

Breast

Which would the nurse assess in a patient who is taking doxorubicin? Select all that apply.

Cardiac activity Medication history Infusion site

Which condition is considered a major dose-limiting side effect of doxorubicin?

Cardiomyopathy

Which drug acts by alkylating two sites of the DNA double helix and thereby leads to strand termination?

Cisplatin

Which drug acts as a polyfunctional alkylating agent?

Cyclophosphamide

For which clinical signs would the nurse monitor to assess for adverse effects in a patient receiving busulfan? Select all that apply.

Cough Shortness of breath Abnormal breath sounds

The nurse is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. Which safety measures would the nurse follow? Select all that apply.

Double-flush the patient's bodily secretions. Dispose of all items that come into contact with the patient. Wipe spills that occur during chemotherapy with a special spill kit. Maintain up-to-date knowledge about the drugs used in the therapy.

Which side effects would the nurse anticipate in a patient receiving estramustine? Select all that apply.

Edema Anorexia Leg cramp

Which drug is classified as an antineoplastic hormone?

Estramustine

A patient who is taking cyclophosphamide reports painful urination. The laboratory report shows that the urine sample contains elevated pus cells. Which adverse effect would the patient likely develop?

Hemorrhagic cystitis

When receiving cyclophosphamide, a patient should be advised to drink plenty of fluids to prevent which condition?

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A patient administered cisplatin during chemotherapy developed nephrotoxicity. Which action would the nurse take before administering the medication?

Hydrate the patient with intravenous fluids.

Which antineoplastic drug works by inhibiting the action of the enzyme Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase and is used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia?

Imatinib

Which miscellaneous antineoplastic medication is beneficial for treating chronic myeloid leukemia?

Imatinib

Which drugs are administered only through the oral route? Select all that apply.

Imatinib Hydroxyurea

A patient who had comorbid cardiac failure and cancer is administered bleomycin and digoxin. Which interaction would the nurse be alert for?

Increased digoxin concentration

Which process refers to the insertion of a drug molecule between the two strands of DNA molecule, blocking its transcription?

Intercalation

A patient treated with phenytoin 300 mg tid developed adrenal corticoid cancer and was prescribed mitotane. The health care provider replaces phenytoin with levetiracetam. Which mechanism of mitotane supports this change?

It reduces serum phenytoin concentrations.

The nurse is counseling a patient on antineoplastic drugs. Which instructions would the nurse emphasize during the session? Select all that apply.

Maintain hygienic conditions. Avoid spicy, irritating, or gas-forming foods. Perform self-assessment of blood pressure and pulse rate regularly.

The nurse infuses a patient with sodium thiosulfate as an antidote for extravasation. Which drug caused the extravasation?

Mechlorethamine

Which drug, referred to as nitrogen mustard, was the first antineoplastic drug invented?

Mechlorethamine

Which medication can be prescribed for the treatment of prostate cancer and multiple sclerosis?

Mitoxantrone

A patient is prescribed cisplatin as a part of chemotherapy. How does the nurse prevent drug-related nephrotoxicity? Select all that apply.

Monitoring renal function Infusing intravenous (IV) fluid at the rate of 200 mL/hr Infusing 2 to 3 L of IV fluids

Which major adverse effects are specific to the cytotoxic antibiotics? Select all that apply.

Pneumonitis Liver toxicity Nephrotoxicity Cardiovascular toxicity

Which adverse effects may occur in a patient using bleomycin? Select all that apply.

Pneumonitis Pulmonary fibrosis

A patient with a carcinoid tumor has developed carcinoid crisis. Which drug would the health care provider prescribe for effective treatment?

Octreotide

A patient who is on cisplatin reports hearing roaring sounds. Which condition does this represent?

Ototoxicity

For which potential adverse effect would the nurse monitor in a patient taking cisplatin?

Ototoxicity

Which adverse effects may occur in a patient who is taking cisplatin? Select all that apply.

Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Peripheral neuropathy

Which conditions are known adverse effects of alkylating agents? Select all that apply.

Ototoxicity Neurotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Bone marrow suppression

The nurse is caring for a patient who is treated with cisplatin. Following a regular assessment, the nurse instructs the patient to avoid cold temperatures and handling cold objects. Which condition in the patient has occurred to require this instruction?

Peripheral neuropathy

Which interventions would the nurse focus on for patients who have thrombocytopenia and are administered alkylating agents? Select all that apply.

Prevent infection. Monitor urinary patterns. Prevent injuries or blood loss

A patient who is taking doxorubicin is prescribed dexrazoxane by the health care provider. What phrase explains the purpose of the dexrazoxane?

Protect the heart

For which complications would the nurse monitor in a patient receiving bevacizumab? Select all that apply.

Proteinuria Hypokalemia Hypertension

Which adverse effect may occur in a patient receiving busulfan?

Pulmonary fibrosis

A patient who is on bleomycin has a history of emphysema. Which laboratory test should be prescribed to ensure patient safety?

Pulmonary function

A patient is prescribed doxorubicin. The nurse finds that the patient has developed signs and symptoms of cardiotoxicity. Which intervention would the nurse expect to perform to ensure patient safety?

Replace the drug with a liposomal form.

The nurse administered carmustine intravenously to a patient, which caused extravasation. Which antidote would the nurse use to prevent tissue damage in the patient?

Sodium bicarbonate

Which drug acts an estrogen receptor modulator?

Tamoxifen

Which drug is an alkylator?

Thiotepa

Which laboratory test result would cause the nurse to question administration of hydroxyurea?

Thrombocyte count of 8000/mm3

Which adverse effect is associated with anastrozole?

Vasodilation