pharma

Give the meaning of these abbreviations: ASA, COX, NSAIDs

a. ASA - acetylsalicylic acid, b. COX - cyclooxygenase c. NSAIDs - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Why Are Hormone (estrogen) replacement drugs not used as often for the long-term treatment of osteoporosis as they once were?

-They can have the risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Hormone replacement therapy now has a limited use in the long-term treatment of osteoporosis in post menopausal women. -Naturopathic physicians recommend the use of over the counter bioidentical estradiol and progesterone creams to treat the symptoms of menopause, prevent osteoporosis, and avoid the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy with estrogen.

What drug category has generic drugs that end in -sone? That end in -Dronate?

-sone: generic corticosteroid drugs -dronate: generic bone resorption inhibitor drugs.

Contrast the therapeutic effect of aspirin with that of acetaminophen.

2 Acetaminophen relieves mild-to-moderate pain and doesn't cause stomach irritation. It has lower incidence of side effects than aspirin, but is only an analgesic and does not treat inflammation. Aspirin is an analgesic and an anti-inflammatory. Aspirin is irritating to the stomach

Name two trade names for the generic drug ibuprofen.

Advil and Motrin, different from Tylenol (Treats Pain and Fever) and Aspirin because it is not an NSAID drug. Question to ask: Can you take Aspirin? If they can't take Aspirin then they can't take NSAIDS.

Describe the various routes of administration and timing of doses for the different bone resorption inhibitor drugs.

Alendronate (fosamax) and risedronate (actonel, atelvia) are tablets that are taken orally every morning and 30 minutes before eating. Ibandronate (Boniva) is taken daily (2.5 mg tablet) or once a month (150 mg tablet). Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa) is taken intravenously once a year, which means a visit to the doctor's office or clinic.

Indocin is an NSAID that is used to treat osteoarthritis in the elderly and patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. True or False?

True

List the medical conditions for which a muscle relaxant drug might be prescribed.

Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, Stroke, and Spinal Cord Injury.

How does enteric-coated aspirin help prevent gastric ulcers in patients with osteoarthritis?

It does not dissolve in the stomach, so it reduces the irritation that aspirin can cause in the stomach. These enteric coated aspirin dissolve only when it comes in contact with the higher pH environment of the duodenum.

Name Six Things That Support Normal Bone Homeostasis(the balance between new bone deposition and bone resorption).

Maintained by hormones, calcium, vitamin D, exercise, and in women estradiol, and progesterone.ALSO PHYSICAL THERAPY

Name the categories of drugs used to treat osteoarthritis and give examples of drugs from each category.

First line drug is ASPIRIN, Second Line drug is Tylenol Acetaminophen (Tylenol), Salicylate drugs (Aspirin), NSAIDs (Ibuprofen), Cox-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib), Corticosteroid (Hydrocortisone), Others (Hyaluronic acid), Topical (Aspercreme), Combination (Arthrotec) Big down fall to aspirin? Blood thinner, and irritates stomach and can cause gastric ulcers Big advantage: treats inflammation Downfall of Tylenol is that it is not anti inflammatory it's also linked to liver damage

Which bone cells are inhibited by bone resorption inhibitor drugs?

Osteoclasts, which decreased the rate at which bone is resorbed (broken down). These drugs are also known as bisphosphonate drugs, because of their effect on phosphorus (a component of bone).

Why are gold compound drugs useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis but not osteoarthritis?

The drugs inhibit macrophages in the immune system from attacking the joints, but they cannot reverse joint damage that has already occurred. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the drug would help, osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disorder.