Pharmacology chapter 1-5
The nurse assesses the function of what organ to evaluate the client's ability to effectively absorb medications prescribed in tablet and capsule forms?
You Selected: the upper small intestine
Which child would the nurse categorize as being an infant?
a child who is 9 months old Premature infant Less than 38 wk of gestational age Neonate A full-term newborn 0-4 wk of age Infant Greater than 4 wk to 1 y of age Child Greater than 1-12 y of age Adolescent Greater than 12-18 y of age
The nurse is to administer an intramuscular medication to a 2-year-old toddler. The nurse uses: You Selected:
the vastus lateralis muscle as the site for administration.
he nurse is administering an intramuscular injection of an antibiotic to 3-month-old child. Which would be the best site for the nurse to give this medication?
thigh
A black male client asks the nurse why the health care provider orders a diuretic as part of his treatment plan for hypertension, when the health care provider ordered an ACE inhibitor for his friend with the same diagnosis. After consulting with the provider, how would the nurse respond?
"Diuretics are shown to be more effective than ACE inhibitors for black males with hypertension." Explanation:
While collecting a medication history, the client admits to doubling the recommended dosage of acetaminophen, saying "It's harmless or they would require a prescription." What is the nurse's best response?
"OTC drugs are serious medications and carry serious risks if not taken as directed."
At what age do children have the same pharmacokinetic response as an adult?
12 years of age
The health care provider orders a client to receive 1000 mL of intravenous fluid over the next 12 hours. The intravenous delivery system is a microdrip system. The nurse would set the infusion to run at which rate?
83gtt per minute
The nurse is checking a drug label prior to administering a medication to a child, but the drug label does not include a recommended pediatric dose. What should the nurse do to find this information?
Access a computerized pharmacology database.
To reduce older adults' risk of experiencing adverse drug effects or interactions, what action should the nurse prioritize?
Assess clients' use of herbal remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
The nurse knows that pharmacodynamics across the lifespan are affected by what variables? (Select all that apply.)
Body composition Genetic makeup Immature organ systems
Question 1 See full question2m 24s Report this Question A client is experiencing difficulty swallowing a large oral tablet. What action by the nurse would be most appropriate?
Correct response: Check to determine whether the drug can be crushed or mixed with food.
The nursing student is studying drug dosage and has learned that there are three systems of measurement associated with drug dosing. What are these systems? (Select all that apply.)
Correct response: metric system apothecary system household measurement system
The nurse is required to administer 4 mL of an intramuscular (IM) injection to the client. Which action would be most appropriate?
Divide the drug and give it as two separate injections.
A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who has recently had several changes made to the drug regimen. What assessment question most directly addresses the safety implications of the client's drug regimen?
Do you take any herbal supplements or alternative medications?"
When reconstituting a multidose vial and medication to be added to an IV solution, the nurse must add which information to the label the nurse will apply to the IV bag containing the medication? (Select all that apply.)
Dose of drug in mL such as 500 mg/mL Date of reconstitution Name of the nurse
The nurse is administering a drug metabolized in the liver to an infant. Because of the immaturity of the infant liver, what does the nurse determine should be done for dosing of this drug?
Ensure that lower drug dosages or an increased interval between doses is scheduled.
What areas are the best sites that the nurse is aware of for starting IVs in infants? (Select all that apply.)
Hands Feet Scalp
Which medication prescription by the health care provider will require the nurse to seek clarification
Heparin 5,000 u SC every day
Which factors will decrease the rate of drug absorption? Select all that apply.
Higher drug concentration in the circulatory system Drug given by a subcutaneous route versus an intramuscular route A disease that alters the stomach and small intestine lining
A 79-year-old woman who takes several medications for a variety of chronic health problems has been prescribed an oral antiplatelet aggregator that is to be taken once daily. The nurse has encouraged the woman to take the pill at the same time of day that she takes some of her other medications. What is the most likely rationale for the nurse's advice?
Integrating the new drug into the client's existing schedule promotes adherence.
What interventions will the nurse use to improve adherence to a medication regimen for the older adult? (Select all that apply.)
Keep the cost of the medications as low as possible Provide easy-to-follow directions Educate client and family to the medication regimen
A nurse is using the metric system for dosage calculations. Which unit would the nurse use as the basic unit for measuring liquids?
Liter
What does the nurse need to do when there is any indication of an allergic reaction in clients?
Maintain the client's safety during drug therapy.
The nurse is aware that almost a third of all hospital admissions in older adults are as a result of what problem?
Medication reactions
What is the best device for administering oral medications to an infant?
Oral syringe
Since 1962, newly developed drugs have been extensively tested before being marketed for general use. What do drug companies do to test drugs initially?
Test the drugs with animals.
A nurse is using and electronic medication cart with a bar-coded, point-of-care medication system. What must the nurse scan with the bar coder prior to administering medication to a client? Select all that apply.
The client's identification band The medication The nurse's own badge
The nurse is administering medications to a 2-year-old child with impaired renal function. What does the nurse understand about the dosage of medication for this child?
The dose should be adjusted to achieve and maintain therapeutic drug levels.
An 8-year-old is going home on medication for a chronic condition. The nurse preparing to review the discharge instructions with the mother should include what basic information and/or instructions to help minimize the child's risk for injury? (Select all that apply.)
The drugs' potential side effects Schedule and duration of administration Description of the intended therapeutic drug effect
What behavior demonstrates that a nurse is using knowledge for safe patient care under Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies when administering medications?
The nurse keeps the computer printout of medications to refer to when pulling out medications that are due.
The nurse is assessing factors that may affect the absorption of a drug that the nurse will soon administer. What factor should the nurse prioritize?
The route of administration that has been prescribed
The nurse provides care in a setting where there is more contact between the client and the nurse than between the client and the health care provider. The nurse should anticipate what effect on drug therapy?
There nurse may be better able to gauge therapeutic success of drug therapy
Why does the nurse need to be alert for any indication of an allergic reaction in clients?
To maintain the client's safety during drug therapy
Some older adults are at risk for medication-related problems. Which group(s) are at highest risk for these problems? (Select all that apply.)
adults older than 85 years older adults who take one or more medications or more than 12 doses of medication per day older adults with six chronic medical conditions
A 2-year-old client is diagnosed with stomach flu and is suffering from vomiting and diarrhea. What is the most important factor in determining the correct dosage for his infection?
body surface area
A 12-year-old is being discharged from the hospital after major surgery. The client will be taking two medications at home for an extended period. The nurse who is discharging the client should provide medication teaching specifically to:
both the child and his mother regarding all medication issued.
The nurse should caution an older adult client against using diphenhydramine hydrochloride because of what increased risk?
confusion
Assess clients' use of herbal remedies and over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
decrease in circulation to the liver decreased ability to remove metabolic by-products decrease in mass of liver
A 72-year-old man with pain issues is being given a drug by the intramuscular route. His serum blood level concentrations have been erratic. The nurse suspects that this may be due to
decreased blood flow to tissues and muscles.
What phenomenon is primarily responsible for the changes in pharmacokinetics that accompany the aging process?
decreased function of vital organs
An elderly client is being admitted to the hospital for surgery. The nurse is reconciling the client's medications. The client is prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg two times a day, Lanoxin 0.125 mg daily, metoprolol XL 25 mg once a day, and pravastatin (Pravachol) 40 mg at hours of sleep daily. The nurse recognizes a problem when the nurse notes: You Selected:
digoxin and Lanoxin are the same medications. digoxin Blood pressure support and antiarrhythmic It can treat heart failure and heart rhythm problems. furosemide Diuretic It can treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and other medical conditions. Brands: Lasix metoprolol Beta blocker It can treat high blood pressure, chest pain (angina), and heart failure. This may lower the risk of death after a heart attack. Brands: Toprol XL and Lopressor Blood pressure support and antiarrhythmic It can treat heart failure and heart rhythm problems. Brands: Digox, Lanoxin Pediatric, Digitek, and Lanoxin
What term is used to describe drugs identified by their chemical or official name in order to be independent of any manufacturer's assigned name? You Selected:
generic
The nurse is to administer an intravenous medication to an infant and needs to start a peripheral intravenous site. The nurse chooses the best site to use as:
in front of the pinna of the ear.
An infant has been prescribed a 10-day course of an oral liquid antibiotic. The nurse should teach the infant's parents to administer the drug using an oral syringe and to place the liquid medication into which oral location?
in the infant's cheek
A neonate's highly immature liver and resulting low levels of the enzyme cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) affects what aspect of pharmacokinetics?
metabolism
The nurse is to administer 10 drops of an oral liquid medication to an infant with a poor sucking reflex. The best way to administer the medication and ensure the medication will be swallowed is by:
placing the drops in the buccal pouch.
A client will soon be discharged home from the hospital after a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). During client education about drug regimen, the nurse should prioritize teaching about:
potential adverse effects of the drugs that the client will be taking.
A client has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disorder. The client is age 68; suffers from intermittent joint pain and is under drug therapy; eats meat, salads, and fruits; prefers alternative herb medications along with drug therapy; sometimes smokes; he lives alone and is looked after by a caregiver. Which item of information has the greatest implication for planning his drug therapy?
prefers alternative herb medications
The nurse knows that when caring for the older adult, there are several normal aging processes that put the client at risk for toxicity. What factor puts such clients at increased risk for drug toxicity?
reduced efficiency of renal function
A n older adult client has had two falls in the period of a week. The care provider's willingness to consider discontinuation of the medication demonstrates a consideration of what safety-related action?
risk-to-benefit ratio
The nurse is preparing to access a scalp vein for intravenous (IV) therapy in a neonate. Which site(s) would be preferable for the nurse to use? (Select all that apply.) You Selected:
superficial temporal vein metopic vein
A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?
the effect of the drug on the client's body
The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a 2-year-old-child. Which is the preferred site of injection for this child?
vastus lateralis muscle