Pharmacology exam 2 practice questions
The nurse teaches a client taking desmopressin nasal spray about how to manage treatment. The nurse determines that the client needs additional instruction when the client says:
"I should use the same nostril each time I take the medication"
A client is to be discharged with a prescription for lactulose. The nurse teaches the client how to administer this medication. Which statement would indicate that the client has understood the info?
I will mix it with apple juice
A client has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and started on synthetic levothyroxine for thyroid replacement therapy. Which of the following is the most important effect to report to the physician?
Insomnia and loss of weight or palpitations and chest pain on exertion
What are your thoughts about teaching patients how to avoid infections?
Instruct patient to not get live vaccines and avoid people with known contagious illnesses and to report possible infections. Advise patient to consult health care professional before receiving any vaccinations.
What is the normal sodium range? What if the level is low?
Low sodium levels can lead to hyponatremia which may cause seizures. The normal range is 135-145 mEq/L. Less than 135 indicates hyponatermia
What is the most common adverse reaction to Isoniazid?
Most common adverse reaction to Isoniazad is peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity. TB treatment is always used with 2 or more meds.
Immediately after a lumbar laminectomy the nurse administers ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran) to the client as prescribed. The nurse determines that the drug is effective when which sign is controlled?
Nausea
The HCP prescribes IV cefazolin 1g for a client. In preparing to administer the cefazolin, the nurse notes that the client is allergic to penicillin. Based on this information, what is an appropriate action?
Notify the HCP of the clients allergy to penicillin
Glucagon admin
Only used is patient is unresponsive, emergency treatment for hypoglycemia, turn patient to side to prevent choking on vomit, ONLY IM or SC
. Gentamicin IV has been prescribed to treat a clients infection. The nurse should monitor for?
Ototoxicity
What patient teaching should the nurse provide for a patient beginning oral contraceptives?
Patient teaching includes advising the patient to report fluid retention, thromboembolic disorders, and to take the medication at the same time everyday
What teaching would the nurse provide about steroids?
Patient teaching would include reporting infections, watch glucose, following dosing, taper off, and asses for bruising.
When caring for the client who is receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, the nurse should monitor which lab value?
Serum Creatinine
A female client is treated for trichomoniasis with metronidazole. The nurse instructs the client that:
She should avoid alcohol during treatment and for 24 hours after the completion of the drug
Are steroids indicated for use in allergic reactions?
Steroids can be used to treat an allergic reaction by reducing inflammation, swelling, and itching
Discuss the effects of steroids as related to wound healing.
Steroids can cause significant delayed wound healing
Why would you be concerned about a fever in a patient who is taking steroids?
Steroids can mask fever and signs of infection
Discuss TSH levels in regards to Grave's Disease and hypothyroidism.
TSH levels are high in hypothyroidism and low in Grave's disease.
What are the contraindications for oral contraceptives?
The contraindications are in pregnant or lactating women , smokers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes Hx, and teenagers should avoid use before menarche.
What patient teaching should the nurse provide to a patient being started on Cytoxan therapy?
The nurse should teach the patient to take the medication early in the morning, should not combine with alcohol and NSAIDS, that it can cause hair loss, menstrual irregularities, and can interfere with contraceptives. Take it with water and food to lessen the GI effects
What lab would the nurse review prior to administering Desmopressin?
The nurse would need to review urine electrolytes; water intoxication is a sign of OD. If OD occurs, decrease dosage and administer furosemide.
What are the risks for people taking high dose steroids?
The risks would be suppression of ACTH supply, delayed wound healing, osteoporosis, and increased appetite.
Discuss the symptoms of a thyroid storm.
The symptoms of a thyroid storm include high fever, cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, heart failure, angina, MI, and DNS effects (agitation, restlessness, delirium, and progressing to coma.
What can happen if the client drinks alcohol during metronidazole treatment or within that first 24 hours after completion?
They may experience antabuse syndrome. Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness
Concerns of antibiotics and oral contraceptives
Antibiotics reduce the action of birth control pills by causing an increase of estrogen breakdown and reduction of estrogen recircuation
How do Beta blockers affect blood glucose levels?
Beta blockers cause hyperglycemia
Discuss some contraindications to beginning steroid treatment.
Contraindicated in those with hypersensitivity, untreated infection, acute asthma (inhaler form), and recent administration of a live vaccine
The nurse is instructing a sexually active female who is taking Isoniazid (INH) Things to consider
Decreases effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives. Use another form of birth control such as a condom.
Admin eye ointment for child with eye infection
apply inner to outer canthus along inner edge of lower lid margin, apply light pressure for 1-2 min. to avoid systemic circulation
A nulliparous client has been given a prescription for oral contraceptives. The nurse should instruct the client to report which sign to the health care provider (HCP) immediately?
blurred vision
Concerns of alcohol consumption and antibiotics
can cause antabuse symdrome
Ceftriaxone IM admin:
deep IM mix with lidocaine, gluteal with a 1.5 inch 21 gauge needle
Nursing considerations for Vanco
do not give too fast (redmans symdrome), watch IV site for infiltration (central line is best), monitor for hearing/uremia
Treatment of hypoglycemia
first try orange juice or hard candy, then sugar syrup in buccal area, Dextro if patient has trouble swallowing
Nursing considerations for Quinolones and examples
give 2 hours apart from CA, MG, AL, iron, and zinc. Do not take with sterroids. Example; Flouroquinaloones
Clean the face and eyes
inner to outer with clean washcloth
What is desmopressin used for?
it can treat diabetes insipidus. It can also treat bedwetting problems and certain bleeding disorders. (Prevents urine elimination)
Signs of anaphylactic reactions an treatment
rash, tongue swelling, dyspnea, dizziness. Treatment is epipen, steroids, benedryl
A woman is taking oral contraceptives. The nurse teaches the client to report which complication?
severe calf pain
What should the nurse do if he or she suspects a patient is experiencing a thyroid storm?
the nurse should administer a PTU or tapazole, which is an antithyroid medication.
Macrolide antibiotic and alcohol consumption concern:
this med is already hard on the liver, so alcohol consumption would make it worse
